肿瘤坏死因子-α基因多态性与结直肠癌的关系

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）-308G／A基因功能多态性与结直肠癌生成及发展的关系。方法研究病例为德国曼海姆医院普通外科2000年10月至2003年3月间收治的157例经病理组织学证实为结直肠癌的患者（病例组），对照组为117例查体的健康人，病例与对照人群均为欧洲高加索人种。采用聚合酶链反应，限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法检测结直肠癌组及正常对照组的TNF-α-308G／A基因型。结果病例组患者TNF-α-308G／A基因型和等位基因与对照组相比，差异无统计学意义（基因型P=0．663；等位基因χ^2=0．404，P=0．525）。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病理分期患者A等位基因（22．6％）和A／A基因型（8．1％）的比例明显大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期（12．9％和1．2％），两者差异有统计学意义（基因型：P=0．048，OR=7．368，95％CI=0．839～64．743；等位基因：χ^2=4．720，P=0．03，OR=1．962，95％CI=1．061～3．628）。结论TNF-α-308G／A基因功能多态性与结直肠癌生成无关．TNF-α-308A／A基因型或A等位基因与结直肠癌的进展相关。     

外科患者耐美罗培南铜绿假单胞菌感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨外科危重患者中美罗培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌感染的临床危险因素。方法采用回顾性病例-对照方法，设立两对研究：美罗培南耐药铜绿假单胞菌（meropenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa，MRPA）感染组和对照组，美罗培南敏感铜绿假单胞菌（meropenem sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa，MSPA）感染组和对照组。用多因素Logistic回归分析法检验各临床因素与感染发生的关系。结果MRPA感染的危险因素有：感染前监护室（ICU）住院时间（OR=2．234，95％CI=1．710—2．918）。第3代头孢菌素（OR=2．885，95％CI=1．133～7．345）和亚胺培南（OR=7．238，95％CI=1．469～35．659）用药史。MSPA感染的危险因素有：ICU停留时间（OR=2．284，95％CI=1．772—2．945），恶性肿瘤（OR=4．796，95％CI=2．001～11．491），曾使用喹诺酮类药物（OR=2．563，95％CI=1．499～8．468）和第3代头孢菌素（OR=3．796，95％CI=1．543～9．343）。结论尽量缩短外科监护病房住院时间，减少第3代头孢和亚胺培南的使用，可减少美罗培南耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染的发生率。     

动脉硬化性主髂动脉闭塞症血管重建的术式选择

目的分析解剖位和非解剖位术式对动脉硬化性主髂动脉闭塞的手术疗效、围手术期死亡和主要并发症的影响。方法对动脉硬化性主髂动脉闭塞症行主髂动脉重建术的382例患者的30d围手术期疗效、死亡和并发症的危险因素采用Logistic回归进行分析。结果共126名患者纳入分析。Logistic逐步回归显示手术有效率的影响因素有溃疡坏死（OR0．13，95％CI0．33～0．36，P=0．005）、是否同期远端血管重建（OR11．29，95％CI1．25～102．53，P=0．012）；围手术期主要并发症为13．5％，危险因素有年龄（OR37．13，95％CI3．29～48．53，P=0．003）、肾功能异常（OR5．71，95％CI1．25～25．02，P=0．024）、Goldman心脏风险（OR26．83，95％CI4．85～49．54，P=0．001）、术式选择（OR0．03，95％CI0．002～0．34，P=0．005）；围手术期死亡的危险因素有年龄（OR65．56，95％CI4．88～87．64，P=0．002）、Goldman心脏风险（OR23．86，95％CI3．90～45．99，P=0．032）、术式选择（OR0．02，95％CI0．001—0．262，P：0．005）。结论年龄70岁以上、中度以上Goldman心脏风险、肾功能异常是围手术期死亡和主要并发症的危险因素，对于这些高危患者需考虑采用解剖外术式以降低手术风险。     

P2X7基因C489T和NQO1基因C609T多态性与原发性帕金森病遗传易感性分析

目的观察嘌呤受体P2X7基因489C〉T多态性和依赖还原型辅酶I醌氧化还原酶（NQ01）基因609C〉T多态性对散发原发性帕金森病（PD）发病的影响。方法利用Pyrosequenc．ing技术对52例散发原发性PD患者和133例正常健康对照进行P2X7基因489C〉T和NQOl基因609C〉T突变位点分析。结果PD病例组P2x7489位点突变型（C／T＋T／T）阳性率（88．5％）明显高于对照组（73．7％），差异有统计学意义（X2=4．73，P〈0．05），其患PD的相对危险度（OR）为2．74（95％CI1．01～7．83）。P2X7 489位点T等位基因频率PD病例组（59．6％）高于对照组（48．1％,X2=3．95，P〈0．05；OR=1．59，95％CI=0．98～2．59）。NQ01609位点含T碱基的NQ01基因型在PD病例组占61．6％，对照组占49．6％（OR=1．62，95％CI=0．80～3．29）。T等位基因频率PD病例组（33．6％）高于对照组（28．9％，OR=1．25，95％CI=0．74～2．08），但两者差异均无统计学意义。结论P2x7基因489位点C／T和T／T基因型、T等位基因以及NQ01基因609位点T等位基因可能是散发原发性PD发病的危险性因素。     

南方汉族等候肾移植终末期肾功能衰竭患者HLA基因多态性分析

目的对我国南方地区3911例等候肾脏移植的患者进行HLA-A，B，DRB1基因表达的回顾性研究，以探讨在因肾脏疾病导致患者最终并发终末期肾功能衰竭（EsRD）进程中的HLA免疫遗传易感性及其相对风险作用。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物扩增（PcR-SSP）技术进行HLA-A，B，DR基因分型，应用SPPS13．0软件包统计分析ESRD患者中HLA抗原频率、基因频率、HLA—A，B，DR三个位点的单倍型频率（HF）、连锁不平衡参数、相对危险度（RR）及优势比（OR）。结果ESRD患者中表达出HLA-A抗原19个，HLA-B抗原40个，HLA-DR抗原14个；其中呈现抗原频率显著增高（Pc〈O．0001，Pc值即P值乘以所检测的某一位点的抗原数）的是HLA-B75（RR=1．222，OR=1．479）、DR4（RR=1．146，OR=1．294），DR17（RR=1．541，OR=2．639）；呈现出抗原频率显著降低（Pc〈0．0001）的是HLA-DR8（RR=0．812，DR=0．697）、DR9（RR=0．878，OR=0．793）；ESRD患者中具有显著连锁不平衡单倍型（HF〉0．5％）10条，分别为A1-B37．DR10，A2-B7-DR17，A29-B7-DR10，A30-B13-DR7，A33-B13-DR17，A33-B44-DR17，A33-B46-DR17，A33-B58-DR17，A33-B60-DR17和A33-B75-DR17，其中A33-B75-DR17、A33-B58-DR17频率高达7．93％和11．74％。结论研究发现HLA-B75、DR4和DR17可能对南方地区肾脏疾病患者最终并发ESRD具有独立易感关联，而表达HLA-DR8、DR9的肾脏病患者将可能不易并发ESRD；单倍型A33-B75-DR17高频率出现说明HLA-B75，DR17不仅具有独立易感作用还可能对肾脏病患者最终并发ESRD具有集合易感作用。这个发现对于等候肾脏移植患者选择合适供体以提高移植后患者生存时间和远期移植效果具有临床指导意义。     

肺动脉栓塞外科治疗的围术期及中长期效果分析

目的探讨提高外科治疗肺动脉栓塞（pulmonary thromboembolism，PTE）的围术期和中长期疗效的方法。方法回顾性分析1994年10月至2007年10月北京安贞医院手术治疗57例PTE的临床资料，其中47例慢性PTE患者在深低温停循环（22例）或不停循环下（心脏停搏21例，心脏不停跳4例）行肺动脉血栓内膜剥脱术；10例急性PTE患者在中低温体外循环下行肺动脉切开取栓术。结果围术期慢性PTE患者死亡6例（12．8％），急性PTE患者死亡4例（40．0％，P=0．030）。术后发生残余肺动脉高压15例，出现重度肺组织再灌注损伤25例。41例慢性PTE患者术后72h肺动脉收缩压和肺血管阻力较术前降低（52．9±26．1mmHgvs．91．2±37．4mmHg；410．3±345．6dyn·s／cm^5vs．921．3±497．8dyn·s／cm^5）；动脉血氧饱和度和动脉血氧分压较术前增高（94．8％±2．7％vs．86．7％±4．3％；84．4±5．4mmHgvs．51．8±6．4mmHg，P〈0．05）。随访47例，随访时间44．6±39．3个月，累积随访时间为160．1人年。晚期死亡5例，其中慢性PTE4例，急性PTE1例。慢性PTE患者术后5年Kaplan—Meier生存曲线生存率为89．43％±5．80％，而急性PTE患者术后1～5年为83．33％±15．21％（Log rank=1．57，P=0．2103）。全组抗凝相关出血线性发生率为1．25％病人年，再发PTE线性发生率为0．62％病人年。中长期生存的42例患者中，心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级29例、Ⅱ级10例、Ⅲ级3例。logistic回归分析发现，急性PTE（OR=3．28）、外周型PTE（OR=2．45）、未采用深低温停循环（OR=2．86）为早期死亡的危险因素；外周型PTE（OR=2．69）、术前下肢水肿（OR=2．79）为晚期死亡的危险因素。结论急性PTE患者围术期死亡率显著高于慢性PTE，两者术后均有较好的中长期生存率，差异无统计学意义。口服华法林抗凝相关的再发PTE、出血并发症线性发生率均较低，在可接受?     

2型糖尿病患者骨密度与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块相关性分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者骨量减低相关因素及其与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块之间的相关性。方法341例2型糖尿病患者，行双能X线骨密度测定，同时行双侧颈动脉彩色多普勒检查并进行各项生化指标检测。结果2型糖尿病患者骨量减低组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率高于骨量正常组（P〈0．01），女性患者更显著。Logistic回归分析显示骨量减低的影响因素有：性别（P=0．021，OR=1．748）、年龄（P=0．000，OR=1．046）、收缩压（P=0．010，OR=1．018），而有否颈动脉粥样硬化斑块未能进入模型。结论在2型糖尿病患者，颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率与骨量减低有关尚不能被证实，两者均受增龄影响，尤其在女性。     

胃癌幽门螺杆菌感染与白细胞介素-1基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨中国汉族人非贲门胃癌幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与白细胞介素（IL）-1基因多态性的关系，探讨宿主遗传因素对Hp感染在非贲门胃癌的作用。方法 采用病例对照研究和PCR-RFLP方法，检测143例非贲门胃癌患者和264例正常对照者的IL-1B和白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1 receptor antagonist，IL-1RN）双等位基因型分布。Hp感染通过检测血清HpAb-IgG。结果 Hp阳性非贲门胃癌患者IL．1B．511}T等位基因频率高于Hp阴性患者（60％VS46％，P=0．0342，OR=1．666，95％CI：1．045～2．656），也高于正常对照组（60％VS48％，P=0．0071，OR=1．665，95％CI：1．149～2．412），多因素logistic回归分析校正年龄和性别后，与携带IL-1B-511＊C／C基因型者比较，携带T／T基因型者胃癌风险升高3．01倍（OR=3．01，95％CI：1．27～7．11，P=0．012），携带IL．1B-511＊T等位基因者胃癌风险升高2．29倍（OR=2．29，95％CI：1．08～4．86，P=0．032）。结论 IL-1B-511＊T等位基因和Hp阳性胃癌相关，提示该等位基因在Hp阳性非贲门胃癌发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

急性卒中后肺炎的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性卒中后肺炎的独立危险因素。方法对2009年7月1日-2011年6月30日在上海交通大学附属第一人民医院和同济大学附属东方医院住院治疗的545例急性卒中患者进行肺炎发生的相关危险因素分析。先做单因素分析,筛选出影响急性卒中后肺炎发生的相关危险因素。根据单因素分析结果及相关专业知识,拟合多因素非条件Logistic回归模型,调整相关的混杂因子,找出影响急性卒中后肺炎发生的独立危险因素。结果急性卒中后肺炎的发生率为11．0％（60／545）。年龄≥80岁（OR=6．024,95％CI：1．923～18．868,P=0．002）、出血性卒中（OR=3．546,95％CI：1．266～9．901,P=0．016）、卧床（OR=4．295,95％C1：1．642～11．233,P=0．003）、基线Glasgow昏迷量表48分（OR=5．127,95％CI：1．377～19．090,P=0．015）、基线Ba~hel指数〈50分（OR=8．403,95％CI：1．468～47．619,P=0．017）、营养不良（OR=10．625,95％CI：3．260～34．631,P=0．000）和基线空腹血糖≥7．0mmol／L（OR=10．000,95％CI：3．115～32．258,P=0．000）为急性卒中后肺炎的独立危险因素,而早期康复治疗是急性卒中后肺炎的保护因素（OR=0．159,95％CI：0．055～0．466,P=0．001）。结论急性卒中后肺炎发生率高,危险因素多,采取综合性干预措施有助于早期识别及防治惫件卒中后肺炎．     

重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的手术治疗和临床病理分析

目的 探讨重症肌无力（myasthenia gravis，MG）合并胸腺瘤患者的临床病理特点及合理的外科治疗疗案。方法 回顾性分析47例MG合并胸腺瘤患者的临床资料。其胸腺瘤Masaoka病理分型：Ⅰ期22例，Ⅱ期12例，Ⅲ期13例；MG改良Osserman法分型：Ⅰ型20例，Ⅱa型14例，Ⅱb型7例，Ⅲ型6型。采用胸骨正中切口23例，前胸切口19例，后外侧切口15例。以累积生存率、MG转归为指标进行统计分析。结果本组平均随诊76．5（10～178）月。①11例（显性MG10例，隐性MG1例）术后围手术期出现肌无力危象（23．4％）。全组随诊共6例死于MG（12．8％），7例死于胸腺瘤（14．9％）。②显性MG32例，术后随诊5年总完全缓解率达34．4％，总改善率为62．5％。隐性MG15例，发作时间平均为术后37．7（0～137）d，出现MG后的5年自然缓解率为25．0％。③影响MG转归的因素为术后围手术期是否出现危象，出现者MG转归较差（P〈0．05）。④经COX模型预后多因素分析，随诊中MG病情反复且有加重（优势比OR=2．16），胸腺瘤病理分期（OR=2．03）和手术方式（OR=1．63）为影响预后的主要因素。结论 扩大胸腺切除术、术后肿瘤综合治疗、MG的围手术期综合处理及其长期治疗是提高疗效的有效手段。     

Glycosylated haemoglobin levels and the severity of erectile function in diabetic men

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with diabetes mellitus (DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included sexually active men with a diagnosis of DM attending a urological medical centre from January 2000 to December 2001. The 115 men with ED (95%) completed the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, and fasting serum glucose and HbA1c serum levels were measured. The relationship between the severity of ED and serum HbA1c levels was assessed. RESULTS: Of men with HbA1c levels of < 8%, half had mild, and 18% and 32% had moderate and severe ED, respectively (P = 0.038); of men with HbA1c levels of > or = 8%, 25%, 29%, and 46% had mild, moderate and severe ED, respectively (P = 0.008). In addition, men with HbA1c levels of > or = 11% had a statistically higher prevalence of severe ED (P = 0.002). There was no difference in severity of ED in the HbA1c subgroups when the duration of DM was < or = 5 years (P = 0.87), but most men with HbA1c levels of > or = 8% and a history of DM of 6-10 or > 10 years had severe ED (P < 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the severity of ED is associated with increasing HbA1c levels in diabetic men.     

Association between comorbidity and erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its relationship with comorbidity in patients with diabetes. The study population comprised of 312 consecutive patients aged 20 years or over residing in the city of Hamadan in Iran in 2005. Depression was assessed by the modified version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and ED by the short form of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. Potential confounding was controlled by stratification and by a logistic regression model. The prevalence of moderate or complete ED (IIEF score 相似文献   

Association of metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis risk factors, sex hormones in ED in aboriginal Taiwanese

The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in aboriginal male Taiwanese is very high. Many studies have found that those with cardiovascular disease and MS have a significantly higher risk of ED. In this study, we attempted to find the correlation among MS risk factor, atherosclerosis risk factors and low serum testosterone in relation to the development of ED. This was a cross-sectional study of 238 cases, and collected data included demographic data, lifestyle questionnaires, sexual desire scale, sexual satisfaction scale and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Among our 238 subjects, 146 had MS (61.3%) and 114 subjects with MS had ED (85.7%). Using age-adjusted multivariate logistic regressive analysis, this study showed that aboriginal males with ED had a significantly higher prevalence of MS (OR=12.02, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 6.33-22.83, P<0.001). Among the MS components, abnormal fasting blood sugar was the most significantly independent factor for ED in aboriginal males (OR=8.94, 95% CI: 4.71-16.97, P<0.001). The presence of MS had a significant correlation with lower IIEF-5 scores, lower sexual desire scores, lower testosterone serum level (P<0.01) and abnormal interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP). The results of this study support the idea that MS, low serum testosterone and HsCRP may predict ED in aboriginal Taiwanese males. Further studies with population-based and longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm this finding and design to compare rates of ED in aboriginal men with MS.     

Vertebral Fracture Risk in Diabetic Elderly Men: The MrOS Study

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with a significant increase in risk of nonvertebral fractures, but information on risk of vertebral fractures (VFs) in subjects with T2DM, particularly among men, is lacking. Furthermore, it is not known whether spine bone mineral density (BMD) can predict the risk of VF in T2DM. We sought to examine the effect of diabetes status on prevalent and incident vertebral fracture, and to estimate the effect of lumbar spine BMD (areal and volumetric) as a risk factor for prevalent and incident morphometric vertebral fracture in T2DM (n = 875) and nondiabetic men (n = 4679). We used data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, which enrolled men aged ≥65 years. Lumbar spine areal BMD (aBMD) was measured with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and volumetric BMD (vBMD) by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Prevalence (7.0% versus 7.7%) and incidence (4.4% versus 4.5%) of VFs were not higher in T2DM versus nondiabetic men. The risk of prevalent (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.40) or incident vertebral‐fracture (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.81 to 2.00) was not higher in T2DM versus nondiabetic men in models adjusted for age, clinic site, race, BMI, and aBMD. Higher spine aBMD was associated with lower risk of prevalent VF in T2DM (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.63) and nondiabetic men (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.88) (p for interaction = 0.24) and of incident VF in T2DM (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.60) and nondiabetic men (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.88) (p for interaction = 0.77). Results were similar for vBMD. In conclusion, T2DM was not associated with higher prevalent or incident VF in older men, even after adjustment for BMI and BMD. Higher spine aBMD and vBMD are associated with lower prevalence and incidence of VF in T2DM as well as nondiabetic men. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

The associations among eNOS G894T gene polymorphism, erectile dysfunction and related risk factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlations among eNOS G894T polymorphism, erectile dysfunction (ED) and related risk factors in a Taiwanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 151 patients with ED and 77 healthy controls were enrolled. All the men had a complete clinical history taken and laboratory data was collected. To assess erectile conditions the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was used. The eNOS G894T polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: In all, 228 men were enrolled with a mean (sd) age of 58.6 (9.7) years. In a univariate analysis, age, serum testosterone level, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension were significantly different between patients with ED and the healthy controls (P < 0.01). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, DM, age and hypogonadism were three independent risk factors for ED (P = 0.018, P = 0.046 and P = 0.016, respectively). The prevalence of ED in T allele carriers (GT/TT) was significantly greater than in G allele carriers (GG; 80.0% vs 63.3%, P = 0.04). Also the eNOS 894T allele carriers had significantly lower IIEF-5 scores than the eNOS 894G allele carriers, at 13.2 (5.3) vs 15.7 (6.1) (P = 0.01) and it was associated with increment of T allele number (11.0 (5.6) vs 13.6 (5.2) vs 15.7 (6.1); P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that DM, age and hypoganadism are three significant independent risk factors for ED. Also, in the Taiwanese population, the eNOS 894T allele carriers are at greater risk of ED, both in prevalence and severity, and this might be a factor of genetic susceptibility.     

中国人群尿道下裂发病相关危险因素的研究

采用病例对照研究,分析中国人群尿道下裂发病的可能危险因素。所有病例均来自安徽省各地区的三级甲等医院。研究采取调查问卷的形式。病例组193例,对照组835例。结果显示合并其他先天性畸形的例数占病例组的13．0％,以隐睾为主（9．8％）。10例（5．1％）有泌尿生殖系统畸形家族史,其中5例（2．6％）为尿道下裂。尿道下裂发病的高危因素包括孕妇年龄〉35岁（OR：1．47）、年龄〈18岁（OR：2．95）,以及母亲在怀孕期间饮酒（OR：27．6）、服用药物（OR：1．53）、感染（OR：1．87）。父母从事农业生产亦为患儿尿道下裂发病的高危因素之一（母亲OR：1．68、父亲OR：1．74）。其余研究因素差异无统计学意义。     

Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in a population-based study in Iran

To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in Iran. A total of 2674 men aged 20-70 y old were interviewed by 42 general practitioners and answered a self-administered questionnaire. The subjects were randomly identified from 28 counties of Iran. ED was defined as difficulties in achieving an erection before sexual intercourse and maintaining it. Data on medical history, toxic habits, and current use of medications were also obtained. Of the men interviewed, 18.8% (460) reported ED. Impotence was found to be significantly associated with age and was less associated with geographical location. The prevalence increased with age, from 6% in men 20-39 y to 47% in those >60 y (tested for trend < or = 0.001). A history of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.51-5.71), hypertension (OR 1.69, 95% CI, 1.31-2.40), peripheral vascular disorders (OR 2.44, 95% CI, 1.65-3.74), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.71, 95% CI, 1.11-2.65), and coronary artery disease (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.21-2.85) were significantly associated with ED. In comparison with never smokers, the OR of ED was 2.41 (95% CI, 1.52-3.30) for current smokers and 2.15 (95% CI, 1.38-3.1) for ex-smokers and increased with duration of the habit. Drug intake, called tranquilizers and antidepressants, correlated strongly (OR 3.71, 95% CI, 2.51-6.76 and OR 2.80, 95% CI, 1.47-4.32, respectively). This study provides a quantitative estimate of the prevalence and main risk factors for ED in Iranian men.     

The prevalence and predictors of erectile dysfunction in men with newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in men newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All consecutive samples of men newly diagnosed with type 2 DM attending the diabetes centre in the capital of Kuwait were included in the study. Face-to-face interviews with the men were conducted using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 questionnaire. A threshold IIEF-5 score of <21 was used to identify men with ED. Pertinent clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected. RESULTS: Of 323 men with newly diagnosed type 2 DM, 31% had ED; comparing potent men and men with ED, there were statistically significant differences for smoking, duration of smoking, hypertension, education level, body mass index and serum glycosylated haemoglobin level. Among these, age was the most important risk factor identified by multivariate logistic regression. CONCLUSION: About a third of men with newly diagnosed type 2 DM had ED; this was associated with many variables, but most notably with age at presentation.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者勃起功能障碍的相关因素分析

目的：了解Ⅱ型糖尿病（T2DM）患者勃起功能障碍（ED）的发生情况,分析相关危险因素。方法：对75例T2DM已婚男性患者,根据国际勃起功能指数表（IIEF-5）以无记名问卷形式自我评分诊断有无ED,并分为两组,对比分析ED与临床一般情况和各生化指标的相关性。结果：T2DM患者ED发病率为62．7％,ED组的HbAlc、TC及LDL—C水平均高于非ED组,且ED组中吸烟者、饮酒者及并发高血压者所占比例明显高于非ED组。结论：T2DM患者中多种危险因素的并发增加了ED发生的概率,戒烟酒、健康饮食及控制血糖、血压、血脂等能有效预防T2DM患者ED的发生。     

Association between psychological distress and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus

AIM:To examine the possible association between gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS:The study was a matched case-control study based on a face to face interview with designed diagnostic screening questionnaires for gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and T2DM,Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9) for depression and General Anxiety Disorders(GAD-7) for anxiety.The questionnaire consisted of questions about symptoms and signs of anxiety and depression disorders.Also,socio-demographic characteristics,life style habits and the family history of patients were collected.It was carried out from June 2010 to May 2011 among Qatari and other Arab nationals over 20 years of age at Primary Health Care Centers of the Supreme Council of Health,Qatar,including patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects over 20 years of age.RESULTS:In the studied sample,most of the studied T2DM patients with GI symptoms(39.3%) and healthy subjects(33.3%) were in the age group 45-54 years(P < 0.001).The prevalence of severe depression(9.5% vs 4.4%,P < 0.001) and anxiety(26.3% vs 13.7%,P < 0.001) was significantly higher in T2DM patients with GI symptoms than in general population.Obesity(35.7% vs 31.2%) and being overweight(47.9% vs 42.8%) were significantly higher in T2DM patients with GI symptoms than in healthy subjects(P = 0.001).Mental health severity score was higher in T2DM patients with GI symptoms than in healthy subjects;depression(8.2 ± 3.7 vs 6.0 ± 3.6) and anxiety(7.6 ± 3.3 vs 6.0 ± 3.7).The most significant GI symptom which was considerably different from controls was early satiety [odds ratio(OR) = 10.8,P = 0.009] in depressed T2DM patients and loose/watery stools(OR = 2.79,P = 0.029) for severe anxiety.Anxiety was observed more than depression in T2DM patients with GI symptoms.CONCLUSION:Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly associated with depression and anxiety in T2DM patients,especially anxiety disorders.