辽宁绝经妇女骨密度与绝经年限、体重关系研究

目的　研究绝经年限、体重对辽宁地区绝经后女性不同部位骨密度的影响。方法　测定共９６ 例绝经后妇女腰椎（Ｌ２～４）、股骨颈（Ｎｅｃｋ）、大转子（Ｔｒｏｃｈ）、Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区的ＢＭＤ,同时测定了血ＡＬＰ、血尿钙、肌肝（Ｃｒ）等指标,分析其相互关系。结果　１． 绝经后妇女各部位的ＢＭＤ 不同。２．Ｌ２～４的ＢＭＤ与体重（Ｗ ）、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。与绝经年限的自然对数（ＰＦＮＬ）、ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。３．Ｎｅｃｋ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。４．Ｗａｒｄ＇ｓ 区ＢＭＤ 与体重、血小板、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ 呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＰＦＮＬ及ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。５． 大转子区骨密度与体重、血小板、转氨酶呈正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０１、Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,与ＡＬＰ呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论　体重、绝经年限、尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、血小板及血ＡＬＰ能影响骨密度。     

胡芦巴胶的降血糖疗效

为研究胡芦巴胶对体内血糖水平的影响,进行了动物疗程实验,对于患阿脲糖尿病鼠,每天每千克体重分别添加０．１８,０．９和４．５ｇ的补充胡芦巴胶膳食;而对于正常鼠,添加量为每天每千克体重４．５ｇ,实验期为３２ｄ．对于这两类鼠,胡芦巴胶有显著的降血糖功效（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）,尤其对于病鼠,０．９ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）和４．５ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）的剂量,降血糖作用显著,并且降血糖效果取决于剂量的大小。     

促红细胞生成素对国人肾性贫血的疗效观察

用促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）对１５例肾性贫血病人进行治疗，剂量６５ｕ／ｋｇ，３次／周静脉注射，第１周ＲＣ升高级显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），第２周Ｈｂ升高（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５），ＲＢＣ和Ｈｃｔ无显著变化；增加剂量至１００ｕ／ｋｇ，第４周Ｈｂ升高极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｈｃｔ升高显著（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｒｃ增多达高峰，第８周Ｈｃｔ升高有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），增加剂量至２００ｕ／ｋｇ，Ｈｂ，Ｒ     

密钙息在老年股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的应用

目的观察密钙息治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法３２例患者随机分成２组，用药组１８例，骨牵引加ｉｍ密钙息５６天；对照组１４例，骨牵引５６天。结果骨痂出现时间：用药组３３．８天±５．５天，对照组３８．０天±４．６天（Ｐ＜０．０５）；有效缓解疼痛：用药组５．２天±１．５天，对照组７．５天±２．１天（Ｐ＜０．０１）；碱性磷酸酶：用药组及对照组治疗前与治疗后差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），但用药组与对照组之间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论密钙息在老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗中有良好的疗效     

微量元素锌、铜含量对儿童骨量影响的初步探讨

为探讨微量元素与儿童骨量之间的关系，对３３０例健康儿童同时测定了骨密度和血微量元素锌、铜含量。并将其中８４例低骨量儿童与骨量正常儿童对比。结果发现低骨量儿童血锌、铜含量明显低于骨量正常儿童（２～４岁儿童血铜Ｐ＜０．０５，其它均Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示血锌、铜含量降低可能是造成儿童低骨量的重要因素之一。     

原发性肝癌患者可溶性白细胞介素-2受体的变化及其临床意义

对３４例原发性肝癌（ＰＬＣ）患者外周血可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）、ＮＫ活性、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行测定。结果：ＰＬＣ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于健康对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＮＫ活性、Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ比值均低于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＣＤ８高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ⅱ、Ⅲ期ＰＬＣ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于Ⅰ期患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平≥１０００ｕ／ｍｌ、５００～１０００ｕ／ｍｌ、＜５００ｕ／ｍｌ者６个月内的死亡率分别为８０．０％、２９．４％、０％。肝癌切除术后２周ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较术前低（Ｐ＜０．０５），免疫治疗后４周ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平亦较治疗前低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。细胞免疫水平都有所改善。提示测定外周血ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平可作为ＰＬＣ的免疫状态、病情严重程度、疗效观察及预后估计的生物学指标。     

壮骨素促进骨折愈合的实验研究

壮骨素及当归、川芎嗪注射液联用，用于家兔桡骨标准骨折模型的治疗。通过体重观察、Ｘ片和骨痂切片组织形态计量学分析，结果显示：单纯使用＂壮骨素＂灌胃治疗组比空白对照组更高的Ｘ片评分（Ｐ＜０．００１）、更高的外骨痂及有效骨痂密度，细胞水平显示活跃的破骨细胞活动（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５）。＂壮骨素＂与活血化瘀中药联用组早期良好地控制了骨折后动物体重的下降，与对照组相比有非常显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）；同时亦显示更高的Ｘ片评分（ｐ＜０．００１）、矿化骨痂密度（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５），破骨细胞活性吸收面（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５）和破骨细胞指数（Ｐ＜０．０１），切片显示良好的骨痂改建。     

切除颌下腺对大鼠睾酮和精子顶体酶活力的影响

本实验对大鼠切除颌下腺３０和４８天时，睾丸和附睾重量、血清睾酮水平及精子顶体酶活力进行了观察。结果显示：（１）切除颌下腺的实验组，睾丸和附睾重量明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），睾丸脏器系数也明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），但附睾脏器系数无明显降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（２）血清睾酮水平３０天时实验组略低于对照组，４８天时为２．４１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，明显低于对照组的４．４９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）实验组的精子顶体酶活力分别为７．１９和６．００ｍＵ／ｍｌ明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）分别降低了５５．１％和６１．１％。结果表明表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）参与了调节睾酮的分泌，并能影响精子顶体酶活力以及睾丸和附睾的重量。     

补肾中药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症疗效分析

目的：客观评价补肾中药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症治疗作用。方法：绝经后骨质疏松症患者７７例随机分成两组，分别应用补肾中药、密钙息治疗半年。结果：补肾中药、密钙息治疗半年后，骨质疏松症腰背症状明显缓解（Ｐ＜０．５），腰椎骨质密度平均值升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；尺、桡骨矿物质含量较治疗前明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）；两组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。两组治疗后Ｕ－Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、Ｕ－ＨｏＰ／Ｃｒ的测定值均明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），但补肾组ＡＫＰ测定值明显上升（Ｐ＜０．０５），密钙息组ＡＫＰ测定值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＡＫＰ测定值两组间有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论；补肾中药与密钙息均能较好地治疗绝经后骨质疏松症。提示：补肾中药有促进骨形成的作用，还有成本低、副作用少等优点。     

原发性闭经患者骨代谢及其骨调节因素水平的观察

目的　了解低雌激素性原发闭经患者骨代谢及其骨调节因素水平与正常同龄妇女之差异。方法　对 １０ 例原发性闭经患者进行桡骨骨矿含量（ＢＭＣ）和血清降钙素（ＣＴ）、甲状旁腺激素（ＰＴＨ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）以及空腹尿钙与肌酐（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ）、羟脯氨酸与肌酐（ＯＨＰｒ／Ｃｒ）比值的测定。结果　原发性闭经组妇女ＢＭＣ的水平低于正常对照组,血清ＰＴＨ 的水平高于对照组,但均未见显著性差异（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,空腹尿（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ）、ＯＨＰｒ／Ｃｒ 比值和ＡＬＰ的水平高于对照组、血清Ｅ２ 和ＣＴ 的水平低于对照组,并均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５、Ｐ＜ ０．０１ 或Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。结论　低雌激素性原发闭经患者骨矿含量的水平较正常同龄妇女降低。其骨代谢已呈高转换失钙状态,显示严重的骨质疏松易患倾向,故应及时予以防治。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.