动脉粥样硬化斑块形成时血管平滑肌细胞增生相关基因的cDNA全 …

目的 克隆动脉粥样硬化斑块形成血管平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）增生相关基因的ｃＤＮＡ全长,并对其功能进行初步探讨。方法 选用氧化低密度脂蛋白作为刺激物作用于培养的人主动脉ＳＭＣ,利用减除杂交技术构建减除文库,克隆相关基因片段,在全长文库构建的基础上筛选相关基因的ｃＤＮＡ全长。并进行原核系统内蛋白表达及量效关系检测。结果 发现了４个新基因片段,克隆了一个新基因ｃＤＮＡ全长,该基因在原核系统内有约相对分子质量     

阿司匹林抗大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增生及与细胞周期的关系

目的：研究阿司匹林抑制大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cell，VSMC）增生与细胞周期的关系。 方法： 记数大鼠A10 VSMC在不同浓度阿司匹林处理下细胞增殖数量的变化，测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶活性以确定有无细胞毒性。用Western免疫印迹技术观察细胞周期中各类分子的变化。 结果： 阿司匹林抑制大鼠A10 VSMC增生，此作用非细胞毒性所致。阿司匹林使p21、p27、非磷酸化 p107和cyclin A 表达增加。 结论： 大剂量阿司匹林能够在体外抑制大鼠VSMC增生，与阻断细胞周期的进程有关，可能有益于血管增生性疾病的防治。     

起始识别复合物1基因在血管平滑肌细胞DNA复制中的作用

目的探讨起始识别复合物1（ORC1）在血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）DNA复制中的表达及其意义。方法采用组织块贴片法原代培养的大鼠胸主动脉VSMC,利用双胸苷阻断、秋水仙素阻抑法和血清饥饿法使VSMC达到细胞周期同步化,用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术和Western blot检测不同细胞周期的VSMC ORC1 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果同步化的VSMC DNA含量百分比,血清饥饿法以G0G1期为主（P〈0．01）,双胸苷阻断14h以G0G0期为主（P〈0．01）,双胸苷阻断14h后10％胎牛血清刺激6h以S期为主（P〈0．01）,秋水仙素培养12h以G2／M期为主（P〈0．05）。静止状态VSMC的ORC1 mRNA和蛋白质无表达,处于G1／S期VSMC的ORC1 mRNA表达量显著高于S期和G2／M期。VSMC的ORC1蛋白质表达量与ORC1 mRNA变化规律相似。结论ORC1随细胞的分裂周期而表达,ORC1可能是启动VSMC DNA复制的关键因子。     

球囊损伤血管内皮后平滑肌细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的变化

目的:探讨球囊损伤血管内皮后平滑肌细胞(SMC)凋亡的机制。方法:采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的三磷酸脱氧尿嘧啶缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)和免疫组织化学技术检测球囊损伤内皮后血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡及Bax/Bcl-2蛋白的变化。结果:球囊损伤内皮后第3d,血管中层出现凋亡的SMC;损伤后第7d,内膜和中层SMC凋亡率最高,凋亡的SMC主要分布在内膜层;以后逐渐降低,至损伤后第28d,仅内膜层有少量凋亡的SMC。Irbesartan显著增加SMC凋亡(P＜0.01)。球囊损伤内皮后第3d,血管中层Bax/Bcl-2表达显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01);损伤后第7d血管中Bax表达最高,是假手术组的3倍,以后表达减少。球囊损伤内皮后Bcl-2表达逐渐增多,至第28d表达最高。Bax/Bcl-2也在损伤后第7d达最高,至第28d降至基础水平以下。Irbesartan使Bax表达增高、Bcl-2表达降低、Bax/Bcl-2升高。结论:Bax/Bcl-2参与了球囊损伤内皮后VSMC凋亡的调节。     

钙通道阻滞剂对巨噬细胞源性生长因子刺激平滑肌细胞增生的抑制作用

培养的家兔腹腔巨噬细胞分泌巨噬细胞源生长因子(macrophage-derived growth factor,MDGF),可刺激平滑肌细胞(smooth muscle cells,SMC)增生,经用钙通道阻滞剂作用于被MDGF刺激的SMC,则其增生反应即被明显抑制(P<0.05)。     

降钙素基因相关肽对人血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的：从细胞周期的角度探讨降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）地人血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的影响,揭示其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法：流式细胞仪分析ＣＧＲＰ对ＶＳＭＣ细胞周期的影响,免疫组织化学检测细胞周期蛋白Ｄ１、Ｅ的表达。结果：ＣＧＲＰ使细胞停留于Ｇ０／Ｇ１期,并能降低细胞中周期蛋白Ｄ１、Ｅ的表达。结论：ＣＧＲＰ可能是通过抑制周期蛋白Ｄ１、Ｅ的积累,使人ＶＳＭＣ停留于Ｇ０／Ｇ期,限制细胞周期的     

S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增生的影响

目的：探讨脂溶性NO前体药物S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）对血管紧张素-Ⅱ（AT-Ⅱ）诱导的培养的大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法：体外培养大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞，用同位素掺入法测定其增殖率的变化，观察不同浓度AT-Ⅱ对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响以及不同浓度的GSNO对AT-Ⅱ作用的预防和逆转作用。结果：AT-Ⅱ可以使血管平滑肌细胞的吸光度A值（MTT法测定）、[³H]-胸腺嘧啶核苷（[³H]-TdR）的掺入量、细胞数量明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。而用GSNO干预后，与对照组相比AT-Ⅱ的上述作用被明显抑制（P<0.05）。结论：GSNO可以抑制AT-Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖。     

成年合成型血管平滑肌细胞的研究进展

The intermediate phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cell in adult is the dedifferentiation state returned from the high differentiation state , appeared on the damaged blood vessels. It is regulated by many factors. Its distribution, the characteristics of morphology and structure, the regulated transform factors and the molecular biological mechanism are introduced, and its functional significance and the role in vascular diseases are also discussed in this article.     

血管紧张素II及其受体在血管平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用

目的:探讨血管紧张素II(AngII)及其受体(ATRs)在局部血管损伤后血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)迁移中的作用及其机制。方法:以体外培养VSMC为基础,采用细胞化学和改良Boyden'schamber的方法,观察AngⅡ干预VSMC后AngII受体的表达、VSMC迁移能力的变化、肌动蛋白纤维丝的动态组装变化,并探讨AT₁R拮抗剂、AT₂R拮抗剂对上述观测指标的影响。结果:AngII10^-7mol/L可以刺激VSMC发生迁移,该作用是通过影响VSMC内应力纤维动态组装而实现的;AngII干预VSMC后可使AT₁R表达上调,随着作用时间延长AT₁R表达水平下降。AT₁R拮抗剂可下调AT₁R表达。AngII通过AT₁R的介导发挥其影响VSMC迁移能力的生物学效应。AT₂R对此无明显影响。结论:AngII通过AT₁R介导来调节VSMC内肌动蛋白微丝的动态组装,进而改变VSMC的迁移能力,从而发挥其介导VSMC迁移的生物学效应。     

兔颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成过程中血管平滑肌细胞功能变化的动态观察

目的:观察兔颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成过程中血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)功能的动态变化。方法:高脂喂养加气体干燥术建立兔颈动脉内膜损伤模型,将实验动物分为正常对照组;高脂饲料加气体干燥术后1月组、2月组、3月组。用免疫组织化学法检测各组的平滑肌肌动蛋白(浕-SM-actin)、细胞凋亡和Ki-67核抗原(Ki-67)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制物-2(TIMP-2)表达情况。结果:正常对照组无浕-SM-actin、凋亡和Ki-67表达,MMP-2和TIMP-2低水平表达。高脂饲料加气体干燥术后浕-SM-actin、细胞凋亡和Ki-67、MMP-2和TIMP-2表达增高。浕-SM-actin阳性细胞主要为一些胞核呈椭圆形或圆形的平滑肌细胞及一些泡沫细胞,且随着胞浆的空泡化,MMP-2和TIMP-2表达密度下降;部分泡沫细胞Ki-67阳性,细胞凋亡表达阳性。结论:VSMC和平滑肌细胞源性泡沫细胞为高脂饲料加气体干燥术后形成的动脉粥样硬化斑块的主要成分。MMP-2和TIMP-2主要在平滑肌源性泡沫细胞中表达,且随着胞浆的空泡化,MMP-2和TIMP-2表达密度下降。斑块中的平滑肌源性泡沫细胞不仅可以发生凋亡,也可表现出一定的增殖活性。     

缺氧内皮细胞培养液对肺动脉平滑肌细胞表型的影响

用细胞培养和形态定量分析方法观察缺氧对肺动脉平滑肌细胞表型的影响。结果显示，缺氧性内皮细胞条件培养液组肺动脉平滑肌细胞的二倍体细胞和α－ｓｍ－ａｃｔｉｎ含量均少于常氧性内皮细胞条件培养液组（Ｐ＜０．０５），尤以肌丝成份减少最明显；粗面内质网和线粒体却显著增多。而直接缺氧组与常氧组无明显差异。提示：缺氧可促使内皮细胞产生和释放某种促平滑肌细胞表型转化的物质或因子，从而改变了肺动脉管壁细胞之间的正常调控关系，导致平滑肌细胞肥大，合成细胞外基质增多。     

A simple method for differentiating vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture

Summary The morphologic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture is difficult if not impossible. By direct immunofluorescence, it is possible to distinguish between vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts after 6 to 10 days in tissue culture. Microfilaments appear from the 6th to the 10th day. After an incubation period of 30 minutes with antibody against smooth muscle actomyosin at room temperature, microfilaments are demonstrable in smooth muscle cells. In contrast, fibroblasts, if incubated for the same period, show strong nuclear fluorescence and a primary fluorescence of the cytoplasm, but filaments are not visible. If fibroblasts are incubated with antiactomyosin for one hour at 37 °C, however, microfilaments are easily detectable.With this method it is possible to differentiate in a simple manner vascular smooth muscle cells from fibroblasts in a heterologous tissue culture.These studies were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 90,Cardiovasculäres System.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖的机制

目的: 探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)抑制动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及向内膜迁徙的机理。方法: 球囊导管损伤Wistar大鼠颈总动脉, 实验组于术前2 d开始给与ACEI(temocapril-HCl 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1), 术后2 d、3 d、5 d分批处死。用抗人PDGF-A、-B及其受体, 抗人MMP-1、MMP-9等抗体以ABC法行免疫染色。动脉组织行放射自显影乳剂原位酶谱分析。电镜下观察细胞质内小器官及细胞周围弹性、胶原纤维的密度。结果: 给ACEI后, PDGF及其受体、MMP-1、-9蛋白阳性细胞率及明胶酶活性显著降低, 并抑制了中膜平滑肌细胞的表型转换。结论: ACEI可能通过继发地抑制PDGFs、MMPs蛋白表达, 阻碍细胞表型转换, 从而阻止中膜平滑肌细胞增殖及向内膜迁徙。     

γ粒子核素支架影响血管平滑肌细胞增殖与凋亡的实验研究

目的： 观察γ粒子钯-103［103Pd］核素支架对损伤血管中膜平滑肌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。探讨核素支架防治支架内再狭窄的作用机制。方法： 选用雄性新西兰兔50只，随机分为普通支架组及核素支架组，设正常对照。分别于术后3、7、14、28及56 d取材，进行病理形态学、免疫组化（增殖细胞核抗原PCNA）、细胞凋亡(TUNEL)及原位杂交(bcl-2 mRNA及bax mRNA)的观察。结果： ①光镜下发现，核素支架组管腔狭窄程度明显低于普通支架组，术后第56 d最显著（P<0.01）；②免疫组化显示，术后3-28 d核素支架组PCNA表达均低于普通支架组，7 d为表达高峰，16.35%±0.79% vs 24.36%±0.55%(P<0.01)。③ TUNEL法检测发现术后3-28 d，核素支架组的平滑肌细胞凋亡较普通支架组更明显，术后第7 d达峰值，14.72%±0.53% vs 12.42%±1.13%（P<0.01）。④ PCNA阳性率与TUNEL法测得的细胞凋亡阳性率比率PCNA/apoptosis（P〖KG*6〗∶〖KG-*2〗A）显示，核素支架组 P〖KG*6〗∶〖KG-*2〗A 的值在术后3-28 d均显著小于普通支架组(P<0.05)。⑤原位杂交测定凋亡相关基因bcl-2 mRNA及bax mRNA表达并计算其比值显示，普通支架组术后第3、14、28 d均大于对照组(P<0.01)，核素支架组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后第3-28 d，核素支架组的比值均小于普通支架组(P<0.05)。结论： γ粒子核素支架通过抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖，促进凋亡，使增殖与凋亡的比率降低，从而减轻再狭窄的程度。     

The effect of interleukin-4 and amphiregulin on the proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells and cytokine release

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia and angiogenesis are important features associated with airway remodeling. We investigated the effect of IL-4 and amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor family member, on the proliferation of human ASM cells and on the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 from human ASM cells. Human ASM cells were growth-arrested for 48 hr and incubated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- BB, interleukin (IL)-4, amphiregulin, and VEGF to evaluate cell proliferation. The cells were treated with PDGF, IL-4 and amphiregulin to evaluate the release of VEGF, MCP-1. IL-4 suppressed unstimulated and PDGF-stimulated ASM cell proliferation. Amphiregulin stimulated ASM cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. VEGF did not have any influence on ASM cell proliferation. IL-4 stimulated VEGF secretion by the ASM cells in a dose-dependent manner and showed added stimulatory effects when co-incubated with PDGF. Amphiregulin did not promote VEGF secretion. IL-4 and amphiregulin showed no stimulatory effects on MCP-1 secretion. The results of this study showed that IL-4 had bifunctional effects on airway remodeling, one was the suppression of the proliferation of the ASM cells and the other was the promotion of VEGF release by the ASM cells, and amphiregulin can promote human ASM cell proliferation.     

Length-tension relationships in resting and activated vascular smooth muscle fibres

Summary The length-tension relationships of resting or activated (by 130 mM of potassium) helical strips of the pig coronary artery were studied. The distensibility of the preparations was expressed by approximated exponential function. In non-activated strips, an average lengthening of 9.64% was necessary for doubling the resting tension. The maximum of active tension (isometric contractions) occurred at high degrees of muscle stretch, whereas the maximum of shortening (isotonic free-loaded contractions) was found at lower values of resting tension. If the theory of the sliding mechanism is a correct assumption for the contraction process of vascular smooth muscle, the maximum of active tension observed at a muscle stretch of about 8000 dynes/mm² is obviously caused by an optimal overlapping of actin and myosin filaments. At this high degree of muscle stretch, however, a great number of cross-linkages is necessary to overcome the passive tension and only few cross-linkages are available for shortening. Therefore, in isotonic contractions the amount of shortening is diminished and the time to peak of contraction is augmented with elevated resting tension exceeding 1000 dynes/mm².     

犬阴道上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞可在体外长期稳定培养

背景：体外分离培养获得足够活性良好的种子细胞是构建阴道组织工程的关键。文献报道阴道上皮细胞体外纯化培养和传代较为困难,尤其是体外长期培养犬等大动物的阴道种子细胞尚未见报道。 目的：建立体外稳定培养犬阴道上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞方法。 方法：获取犬小块阴道组织,机械分离阴道黏膜上皮,Dispase酶和胰蛋白酶分步消化收集上皮细胞,接种于无血清角化细胞培养液中培养和传代;机械分离阴道平滑肌组织后采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化获得平滑肌细胞,在含体积分数10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中连续培养传代。动态观察上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞生长增殖情况,分别采用特异性抗体行细胞免疫化学染色鉴定。 结果与结论：原代培养的上皮细胞24-36 h后开始贴壁铺展,四五天后呈对数生长,七八天可达70%融合,为单一的上皮细胞,呈典型铺路石样,未见成纤维细胞混杂。每四五天可传代1次,连续传代六七次,细胞免疫化学染色角蛋白AEl/AE3抗体阳性。平滑肌细胞原代培养24 h后贴壁呈梭形,此后呈对数生长,4 d后融合呈典型的“峰和谷”样,每三四天可传代1次,连续传代七八次,细胞免疫化学染色示α-肌动蛋白染色阳性。结果证实,犬阴道上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞可在体外长期稳定培养,可为体外构建组织工程化阴道提供足够的种子细胞。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

Expression of cell cycle regulators during smooth muscle cell proliferation after balloon catheter injury of rat artery

Intimal hyperplasia is defined as the abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with deposition of extracellular matrix. However, the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of injury-induced VSMC proliferation are largely unknown. To examine the expression kinetics of cell cycle regulatory factors which is known to be worked positively or negatively, we used rat balloon injury model. Marked induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), G1/S cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk2), and its regulatory subunit (cyclin E) occurred between 1 and 3 days after balloon arterial injury, and this was sustained for up to 7 days and then declined. However, the induction of the negative regulators, p21 and p27, occurred between 3 and 5 days of injury, peaked after 7 and 14 days and was then sustained. VSMC proliferation after balloon catheter injury of the rat iliac artery is associated with coordinated expression of positive (cdk2, cyclin E and PCNA) and negative (p21, p27) regulators. Cell cycle regulators such as cdk2, cyclin E, p21, p27 may be suitable targets for the control of intimal hyperplasia.