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1.
Medications That Cause Dry Mouth As an Adverse Effect in Older People: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis 下载免费PDF全文
Edwin C. K. Tan PhD Duangjai Lexomboon PhD Gunilla Sandborgh‐Englund PhD Ylva Haasum PhD Kristina Johnell PhD 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2018,66(1):76-84
Objectives
To assess and quantify the risk of drug‐induced dry mouth as a side effect in older people.Design
Systematic review and metaanalysis.Setting
A search of the literature was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PubMed from 1990 to 2016.Participants
Older people (aged ≥60) who participated in intervention or observational studies investigating drug use as an exposure and xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction as adverse drug outcomes.Measurements
Two pairs of authors screened titles and abstracts of studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, including study characteristics, definitions of exposure and outcome, and methodological quality. For the metaanalyses, random‐effects models were used for pooling the data and I2 statistics for exploring heterogeneity.Results
Of 1,544 potentially relevant studies, 52 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final review and 26 in metaanalyses. The majority of studies were of moderate methodological quality. In the intervention studies, urological medications (odds ratio (OR) = 5.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.04–8.63; I2 = 62%), antidepressants (OR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.69–8.32, I2 = 21%), and psycholeptics (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.79–3.95, I2 = 0%) were significantly associated with dry mouth. In the observational studies, numbers of medications and several medication classes were significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.Conclusion
Medication use was significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in older adults. The risk of dry mouth was greatest for drugs used for urinary incontinence. Future research should develop a risk score for medication‐induced dry mouth to assist with prescribing and medication management. 相似文献2.
Childhood traumatic experiences and the association with marijuana and cocaine use in adolescence through adulthood 下载免费PDF全文
Joy D. Scheidell Kelly Quinn Susan P. McGorray B. Christopher Frueh Nisha N. Beharie Linda B. Cottler Maria R. Khan 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2018,113(1):44-56
Background and aims
Examination of longitudinal relationships between childhood traumatic experiences and drug use across the life‐course at the national level, with control of confounding by other forms of trauma, is needed. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of nine typologies of childhood traumas and the cumulative number experienced, correlation between traumas and associations between individual and cumulative number of traumas with drug use during adolescence, emerging adulthood and adulthood.Design
Secondary data analysis using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.Setting
United States.Participants
A nationally representative sample of individuals in grades 7–12 (aged 11–21 years) during 1994–95, who were re‐interviewed during emerging adulthood (2001–02; aged 18–28) and adulthood (2007–08; aged 24–34). The analytical sample comprised 12 288 participants with data at all three waves.Measurements
Nine typologies of childhood traumas: neglect; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; parental incarceration and binge drinking; and witnessing, being threatened with and experiencing violence. Indicators of each were summed to measure cumulative dose. Outcomes were marijuana and cocaine use during adolescence, emerging adulthood and adulthood.Findings
Approximately half experienced at least one childhood trauma; traumas were not highly correlated. We observed a dose–response relationship between the number of traumas and drug use in adolescence [marijuana, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) one trauma versus none = 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42, 1.92; two traumas = 2.58, 95% CI = 2.17, 3.06; ≥ four traumas = 6.92, 95% CI = 5.17, 9.26; cocaine, aOR one trauma = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.84; two traumas = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.74, 4.51; ≥ four traumas = 9.54, 95% CI = 5.93, 15.38]. Similar dose–response relationships with drug use were observed in emerging adulthood and adulthood. Each individual trauma was associated independently with either marijuana or cocaine use in adolescence, emerging adulthood and/or adulthood.Conclusions
Childhood trauma is prevalent in the United States, and individual types as well as the total number experienced are associated significantly with marijuana and cocaine use throughout the life‐course. 相似文献3.
Gerrit Brandt Georg Halbeisen Karsten Braks Thomas J. Huber Georgios Paslakis 《European eating disorders review》2023,31(3):413-424
Objective
Phenotypical comparisons between individuals with obesity without binge eating disorder (OB) and individuals with obesity and comorbid binge eating disorder (OB + BED) are subject to ongoing investigations. At the same time, gender-related differences have rarely been explored, raising the question whether men and women with OB and OB + BED may require differently tailored treatments.Method
We retrospectively compared pre- versus post-treatment data in a matched sample of n = 180 men and n = 180 women with OB or OB + BED who received inpatient treatment.Results
We found that men displayed higher weight loss than women independent of diagnostic group. In addition, men with OB + BED showed higher weight loss than men with OB after 7 weeks of treatment.Conclusions
The present findings add to an emerging yet overall still sparse body of studies comparing phenotypical features and treatment outcomes in men and women with OB and OB + BED; implications for further research are discussed.Clinical Trial Registration
The study was prospectively registered with the German Clinical Trial Register as part of application DRKS00028441. 相似文献4.
Stephen Kisely Dan Siskind James G. Scott Jake M. Najman 《Internal medicine journal》2023,53(7):1121-1130
Background
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with both dietary fat intake and obesity in later life. There is less information on associations with metabolic risk factors and specific types of CM such as physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect.Aims
To assess the association between five types of self-reported CM and a range of obesity and metabolic indicators in a subsample of a birth cohort.Methods
This was a study of 1689 adults born in a major metropolitan maternity hospital in Australia and followed up 30 years later. Body mass index, bioimpedance and fasting lipid levels/insulin resistance were measured. Details on self-reported CM were collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. We adjusted for birth weight, parental income and relationship at participants' birth, as well as maternal age and alcohol or tobacco use. We also adjusted for participants' smoking, depression, educational level, marital and employment status at follow up.Results
One-fifth reported maltreatment (n = 362), most commonly emotional neglect (n = 175), followed by emotional abuse (n = 128), physical neglect (n = 123), sexual (n = 121) and physical abuse (n = 116). On adjusted analyses, there were significant associations for CM, particularly neglect or emotional abuse, and one or more of the following outcomes: obesity, the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and HDL levels. Results for other outcomes were more equivocal.Conclusions
Of child maltreatment types, emotional abuse and neglect show the strongest associations with obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors, therefore highlighting the public health importance of early intervention to reduce childhood adversity. 相似文献5.
Rapid changes in serum cytokines and chemokines in response to inactivated influenza vaccination 下载免费PDF全文
Kawsar R. Talaat Neal A. Halsey Amber B. Cox Christian L. Coles Anna P. Durbin Amritha Ramakrishnan Jay H. Bream 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2018,12(2):202-210
Background
The timing of host cytokine responses to influenza vaccination is poorly understood.Objectives
We examined serum cytokine kinetics following inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) to better understand potential relationships between markers of inflammation and TIV‐related side effects.Patients/Methods
Twenty healthy adult subjects received TIV. Cytokines/chemokines were assessed in intervals from 3 hours to 14 days. Antibody titers were measured at baseline and Day 14.Results
Serum cytokine responses to TIV were evident as early as 3 hours post‐immunization. Compared to baseline, IFN‐γ and IP‐10 were significantly elevated 7 hours after TIV administration. Both remained elevated and peaked between 16 and 24 hours before returning to baseline by 44 hours post‐vaccination. Although IL‐8 levels were variable between subjects during the first 24 hours after TIV, by 44 hours, IL‐8 was significantly lower compared to baseline. Interestingly, IL‐8 levels remained significantly lower for up to 2 weeks after receiving TIV. Fifteen of 20 subjects reported mild adverse events. The one subject who reported moderate myalgias and injection site pain after vaccination displayed a distinctive, early cytokine response profile which included IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐8, IP‐10, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, TARC, and MCP‐4.Conclusions
Serum cytokines changed rapidly following TIV and generally peaked at 24 hours. Trivalent influenza vaccine‐induced reductions in IL‐8 occurred later (44 hours) and were sustained for 2 weeks. An outlier response coincided with the only moderate side effects to the vaccine. These data suggest that early cytokine/chemokine responses may provide additional insight into the pathogenesis of adverse events and immune reactivity to vaccination. 相似文献6.
Evaluating oseltamivir prescriptions in Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services medical claims records as an indicator of seasonal influenza in the United States 下载免费PDF全文
F. Scott Dahlgren David K. Shay Hector S. Izurieta Richard A. Forshee Michael Wernecke Yoganand Chillarige Yun Lu Jeffrey A. Kelman Carrie Reed 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2018,12(4):465-474
7.
Emilie Just‐Østergaard Erik L. Mortensen Trine Flensborg‐Madsen 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2018,113(1):25-33
Aims
To estimate associations of individual major life events as well as accumulated major life events in childhood, adult private life and adult work life with risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD).Design
Prospective cohort study with baseline examination in 1991–93 and linkage to national registers to identify AUD at follow‐up.Setting
Copenhagen, Denmark.Participants
Individuals (aged 21–93 years) who participated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1991–93 (n = 8758).Measurements
The primary outcome was first registration with AUD during follow‐up (n = 249). AUD was identified in the Danish National Patient Register, in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and in an outpatient treatment register. Major life events were assessed by a questionnaire in the Copenhagen City Heart study. Data were analysed by Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, household income, cohabitation status and psychiatric comorbidity.Findings
Serious family conflicts in childhood [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00, 1.83] and serious economic problems in adult life (HR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.64, 3.01) were associated significantly with increased risk of AUD. Prospective analyses did not show consistent effects of accumulation of major life events in childhood or adult life, but an additional analysis based on all AUD registrations suggested an association between accumulated childhood events and risk of AUD.Conclusions
Serious economic problems in adult life are associated strongly with risk of alcohol use disorders, and there may be an influence of accumulated childhood events on risk of alcohol use disorders. 相似文献8.
Sergio Di Molfetta MD Irene Caruso MD Angelo Cignarelli MD Annalisa Natalicchio MD Sebastio Perrini MD Luigi Laviola MD Francesco Giorgino MD 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2023,25(5):1301-1310
Aim
To evaluate the effect on glucose control of professional continuous glucose monitoring (p-CGM)-based care as compared with standard care in the management of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods
The PubMed database was searched comprehensively to identify prospective or retrospective studies evaluating p-CGM as a diagnostic tool for subsequent implementation of lifestyle and/or medication changes and reporting glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as an outcome measure.Results
We found 872 articles, 22 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the use of p-CGM was associated with greater HbA1c reduction from baseline (−0.28%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.36% to −0.21%, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001) than usual care, irrespective of type of diabetes, length of follow-up, frequency of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use and duration of CGM recording. In the few studies describing CGM-derived glucose metrics, p-CGM showed a beneficial effect on change in time in range from baseline (5.59%, 95% CI 0.12 to 11.06, I2 = 0%, P = 0.05) and a neutral effect on change in time below the target range from baseline (−0.11%, 95% CI −1.76% to 1.55%, I2 = 33%, P = 0.90).Conclusions
In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, p-CGM-driven care is superior to usual care in improving glucose control without increasing hypoglycaemia. 相似文献9.
Arina Miyoshi So Nagai Masamitsu Takeda Takuma Kondo Hiroshi Nomoto Hiraku Kameda Amiko Hirai Kyuyong Cho Kimihiko Kimachi Chikara Shimizu Tatsuya Atsumi Hideaki Miyoshi 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2013,4(3):326-329
Aims/Introduction
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder including polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM), ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. PCOS is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, it is unknown whether PCOM and PCOS are prevalent in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of PCOM and PCOS in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods
We evaluated clinical, hormonal and ovarian ultrasound data from 21 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients whose average glycated hemoglobin levels were 7.9 ± 1.5%.Results
Ultrasound identified PCOM in 11 patients (52.4%) and these patients also had higher levels of the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) than those without PCOM (P < 0.05). Of the patients with PCOM, five presented menstrual irregularities (45.5%) and three met the Japanese criteria for PCOS (27.2%); whereas all patients without PCOM had a normal menstrual cycle (P < 0.05).Conclusions
Japanese premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus had a high frequency of PCOM as well as PCOS. This is the first research of this area carried out in an Asian population. 相似文献10.
Eivind Sørensen MD Marius Myrstad MDPhD Magnar Gangås Solberg MD Erik Øie MDPhD Pyotr G. Platonov MDPhD Jonas Carlson MScPhD Arnljot Tveit MDPhD Marit Aarønæs MDPhD 《Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)》2023,40(7):679-686
Background
Prolonged endurance exercise increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in men. Functional parameters may help separate physiological from pathological atrial remodeling in athletes. LA mechanical dispersion (LA MD) is associated with AF in the general population, but the associations between prolonged exercise, LA MD and AF are not known.Purpose
To describe LA MD in veteran athletes with and without paroxysmal AF (pAF) and to investigate LA MD's ability to identify veteran athletes with pAF.Methods
Two hundred and ninety-three men, skiers with (n = 57) and without (n = 87) pAF, and controls with (n = 61) and without pAF (n = 88) underwent an echocardiographic exam in sinus rhythm. LA reservoir strain (LASr) was measured, and LA MD defined as the standard deviation of time-to-peak strain (SD-TPS).Results
Skiers (mean age 70.7 ± 6.7 years) reported an average of 40–50 years of endurance exercise. LA volumes were associated with pAF and athletic status (p < .001). SD-TPS was associated with pAF (p < .001) but not athletic status (p = .173). We found no significant trend between years of exercise and SD-TPS in individuals without AF (p = .893). SD-TPS did not add incremental value in identifying athletes with pAF in addition to clinical markers, QRS width, LA volume, and LASr (p = .056).Conclusion
LA MD was associated with pAF regardless of athletic status but not related to years of endurance exercise, suggesting LA MD could be a promising marker of pathological atrial remodeling in athletes. However, we found no incremental value of LA MD identifying athletes with pAF when LASr was included in the model. 相似文献11.
Jae Sung Ko Jung Min Yoon Hye Ran Yang Jae Kyung Myung Hye Ryeung Kim Gyeong Hoon Kang Jung-Eun Cheon Jeong Kee Seo 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2009,54(10):2225-2230
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more frequently diagnosed as the prevalence of obesity in children increases rapidly. 相似文献12.
Jian-Ping Zeng Jia-Hong Dong Wen-Zhi Zhang Jing Wang Xiao-Ping Pang 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2010,55(11):3235-3240
Background
Hepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare mesenchyme-derived neoplasm often misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma, and the treatment for it remains controversial. 相似文献13.
Intra‐ and Interindividual Variability in the Behavioral,Affective, and Perceptual Effects of Alcohol Consumption in a Social Context 下载免费PDF全文
Minita Franzen Gentiana Sadikaj Debbie. S. Moskowitz Brian D. Ostafin Marije aan het Rot 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2018,42(5):952-961
Background
We examined the influence of interindividual differences in alcohol use on the intraindividual associations of drinking occurrence with interpersonal behaviors, affect, and perceptions of others during naturally occurring social interactions.Methods
For 14 consecutive days, 219 psychology freshmen (55% female; Mage = 20.7 years, SD = 2.18) recorded their behaviors, affect, and perceptions in social interactions soon after an interpersonal event occurred. Interpersonal behaviors and perceptions were assessed in terms of dominance–submissiveness and agreeableness–quarrelsomeness. Participants also reported the number of alcoholic drinks consumed within 3 hours of each interaction. We considered the intraindividual associations of (i) having a drinking episode and (ii) the number of drinks during an episode with behaviors, affect, and perceptions and examined interindividual differences in drinking frequency and intensity during social interactions as potential moderators of these associations.Results
Social drinking frequency and intensity moderated the associations between drinking episode and behaviors, affect, and perceptions in social interactions. During a drinking episode, more frequent social drinkers perceived others as more dominant than less frequent social drinkers. During a drinking episode in which more alcohol was consumed than usual, more frequent social drinkers also reported behaving more dominantly and experiencing less pleasant affect.Conclusions
As more frequent social drinkers had different interpersonal responses to drinking than less frequent social drinkers, including when they had consumed larger amounts of alcohol than usual, our results suggest a differential susceptibility to the effects of alcohol during naturally occurring social interactions among drinkers with varying drinking frequency. 相似文献14.
Factors associated with the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments and predictors of smoking abstinence in EAGLES 下载免费PDF全文
Robert West A. Eden Evins Neal L. Benowitz Cristina Russ Thomas McRae David Lawrence Lisa St Aubin Alok Krishen Melissa C. Maravic Robert M. Anthenelli 《Addiction (Abingdon, England)》2018,113(8):1507-1516
Aims
To assess (1) how far the efficacies of front‐line smoking cessation pharmacotherapies vary as a function of smoker characteristics and (2) associations between these characteristics and success of smoking cessation attempts.Design
Prospective correlational study in the context of a double‐blind randomized trial. The outcome was regressed individually onto each covariate after adjusting for treatment, and then a forward stepwise model constructed. Treatment moderator effects of covariates were tested by treatment × covariate interactions.Setting
Health service facilities in multiple countries.Participants
Data came from 8120 smokers willing to make a quit attempt, randomized to varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or placebo in Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study (EAGLES) between 30 November 2011 and 13 January 2015.Measurements
Smoker characteristics measured at baseline were country, psychiatric history, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), ethnic group, life‐time suicidal ideation/behaviour, anxiety, depression, aggression, psychotropic medication, history of alcohol/substance use disorder, age of starting smoking, cigarette dependence [Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD)] and prior use of study medicines. Outcome was biochemically confirmed continuous abstinence at weeks 9–24 from start of treatment.Findings
No statistically significant treatment × covariate interactions were found. Odds of success were associated independently positively with age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00, 1.01], BMI (1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.02) and age of starting smoking (1.03; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.04). Odds were associated independently negatively with US (versus non‐US) study site (0.53; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.61), black (versus white) ethnic group (0.57; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.72), mood disorder (0.85; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.99), anxiety disorder (0.71; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.90) and psychotic disorder (0.73; 95% CI = 0.50, 1.07), taking psychotropic medication (0.81; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.95), FTCD (0.89; 95% CI = 0.87, 0.92) and previous use of NRT (0.78; 95% CI = 0.67, 0.91).Conclusions
While a range of smoker characteristics—including psychiatric history, cigarette dependence and prior use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)—are associated with lower cessation rates, they do not substantially influence the efficacy of varenicline, bupropion or NRT. 相似文献15.
Désirée van Noord Peter B. F. Mensink Robert J. de Knegt Martine Ouwendijk Jan Francke Anneke J. van Vuuren Bettina E. Hansen Ernst J. Kuipers 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2011,56(2):506-512
Background
Diagnosing chronic gastrointestinal ischemia (CGI) is a challenging problem in clinical practice. Serum markers for CGI would be of great diagnostic value as a non-invasive test method. 相似文献16.
Masatoshi Yanagisawa Hitoshi Takagi Hitomi Takahashi Masahiro Uehara Toshiyuki Otsuka Kazuhisa Yuasa Kenichi Hosonuma Masatomo Mori 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2010,55(9):2651-2658
Background
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is regarded as an autoimmune liver disease and familial clustering of PBC could represent some genetic predisposition to the disease. 相似文献17.
Peter Peters Patrick Stark Garth EssigJr Balasz Lorincz James Bowman Khoa Tran Scott Coman 《Sleep & breathing》2010,14(4):377-380
Introduction
Lingual thyroid is a rare embryological abnormality that occurs as a result of failed descent of the thyroid gland. 相似文献18.
19.
Craig A. Friesen Zhiyue Lin Jennifer V. Schurman Linda Andre Richard W. McCallum 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2010,55(8):2283-2287
Background
Alteration in autonomic function has been implicated as a possible pathophysiologic mechanism in functional dyspepsia (FD) in adults. 相似文献20.
Syncope,Hypotension, and Falls in the Treatment of Hypertension: Results from the Randomized Clinical Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial 下载免费PDF全文
Kaycee M. Sink MD MAS Gregory W. Evans MA Ronald I. Shorr MD Jeffrey T. Bates MD Dan Berlowitz MD Molly B. Conroy MD MPH Deborah M. Felton BS Tanya Gure MD Karen C. Johnson MD MPH Dalane Kitzman MD Mary F. Lyles MD Karen Servilla MD Mark A. Supiano MD Jeff Whittle MD MPH Alan Wiggers DO Lawrence J. Fine MD DrPH 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2018,66(4):679-686