Endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual/local recurrence of early gastric cancer after endoscopic mucosal resection

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer; however, incomplete resection with residual local disease and recurrences continues to be a difficult problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The en bloc resection rate, histologically complete resection rate, complications, and local recurrence were assessed in 15 patients who underwent ESD for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR. RESULTS: The nonlifting sign after injection of a glycerin solution was positive due to scar formation in all cases. En bloc resection was attempted in all cases, with a complete resection rate of 93.3 % (14 of 15). The lesion was completely resected with histologically adequate margins in the 14 patients who received complete en bloc resection. The average operation time was 85.4 +/- 52.9 min, and the mean follow-up period for all patients was 18.1 +/- 7.4 months. Major bleeding during the procedure in one case was the only complication (one of 15, 6.7 %). None of the patients experienced recurrence of early gastric cancer after ESD. CONCLUSIONS: ESD appears to be a safe and effective treatment for residual/local recurrent early gastric cancer lesions after EMR, and it is useful for histological confirmation of successful treatment.     

内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗颈部食管黏膜下良性肿瘤策略和并发症分析

目的评估内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER)治疗颈部食管黏膜下肿瘤的可行性及安全性。方法收集2017年1月至2018年1月本院收治的12例颈部食管黏膜下良性肿瘤并接受STER治疗的患者资料,分析其整块切除率、治愈性切除率、手术及住院时间、术后相关并发症。结果 12例颈部食管黏膜下肿瘤均行STER治疗,男7例,女5例,年龄(58.3±11.6)岁,病灶距门齿(19.41±0.51)cm,切除瘤体直径(16.25±6.44)mm,手术时间为(45.00±6.57)min,整块切除率91.67%(11/12),治愈性切除率100%(12/12)。术中出血1例(8.33%,1/12),无穿孔,术后有8例(66.67%,8/12)出现不同程度发热,有9例(75.00%,9/12)出现咽喉部不适或胸骨后烧灼不适,住院时间为(8.17±1.11)d,术后随访未发现病变残留、复发及食管狭窄。结论 STER治疗颈部食管黏膜下良性肿瘤是安全有效的治疗方法。     

Endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation technique for treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: It is difficult to achieve complete endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoid tumors without any procedure-related complications. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation (ESMR-DL) for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven rectal carcinoid tumors (in 11 patients) were resected by ESMR-DL between November 2001 and April 2004, using a conventional single-channel endoscope with an attached band-ligator device. The lesion was aspirated into the ligator device and an elastic band was placed around the base; a detachable snare was then used to ligate the stalk below the elastic band; and snare resection was performed above the elastic band. The resected specimens were examined with respect to size, histological atypia, depth of invasion, and the histological appearance of the resection margins. RESULTS: All the lesions were excised completely without any complications. There was no tumor invasion beyond the submucosal layer and there was no evidence of atypia in any of the specimens. Tumor diameter varied from 2.0 mm to 10.0 mm (average 6.2 mm). None of the 11 specimens showed histopathological evidence of tumor involvement at the resection margins. There were no immediate or late complications (bleeding or perforation) after ESMR-DL. There was no local recurrence and there were no distant metastases in any patients during the mean follow-up period of 18 months. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation is a useful and safe method for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors.     

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a widely accepted method for treating gastrointestinal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for gastric cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis. A total of 18 gastric cancers were treated by ESD in 15 patients with cirrhosis. The rate of en bloc resection was 88.9% (16/18). En bloc resection with tumor-free lateral/basal margins (R0 resection) was 77.8% (14/18). Three patients had postoperative bleeding and underwent emergency gastroscopy for hemostasis. No recurrence was observed during the median follow-up of 21.4 months, excluding three patients in whom additional endoscopic resection or surgery was carried out. ESD can be safely performed for gastric cancer in patients with cirrhosis, resulting in a high en bloc resection rate.     

改良的圈套器行内镜黏膜下剥离术切除结直肠息肉及黏膜下肿瘤的疗效评价

目的探讨改良的圈套器行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)切除结直肠息肉及黏膜下肿瘤的安全性、有效性。方法回顾性研究2014年12月-2016年5月利用改良的圈套器完成ESD切除结直肠息肉、神经内分泌肿瘤(NETs)和间质瘤患者的临床资料,探讨改良的圈套器进行ESD术治疗结直肠病变的安全性、有效性、治疗时间和并发症等,并与HOOK刀完成ESD术进行比较。结果共20例病例24处入选并完成ESD术,其中16例病例共20处病灶均顺利完成改良的圈套器行ESD术(实验组),4例病灶采用传统HOOK刀完成ESD术(对照组)。两组手术成功率均为100.0%,病灶整块切除率100.0%(24/24);实验组息肉长径为1.2~4.0 cm,平均长径(2.4±0.9)cm,对照组息肉长径为1.5~3.0 cm,平均长径(2.2±0.6)cm;实验组手术时间为45.0~120.0 min,平均时间(83.3±23.9)min,对照组手术时间45.0~80.0 min,平均时间(66.2±15.4)min,与对照组比较,实验组耗时长,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.038)。术后病理:结直肠腺瘤15例(其中3例腺瘤伴局部腺体高级别上皮内瘤变),增生性息肉1例,高级别上皮内瘤变1例,NETs 2例共4处病灶,间质瘤1例,两组中除1例来源于固有肌层间质瘤全层切除术以外,无1例出现出血、穿孔、感染等并发症,无1例术中、术后转外科治疗。结论改良的单圈套器能够安全、有效地完成ESD术切除巨大结直肠息肉及黏膜下肿瘤,拓展了圈套器在内镜切除术中的使用方法及适应证,但需要更长时间来完成手术。     

早期结直肠癌及癌前病变患者经内镜下黏膜切除术与黏膜剥离术治疗的疗效比较

目的比较内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)与内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)在结直肠癌前病变与早期癌患者中的应用效果。方法选取2010年1月-2015年1月该院收治的116例早期结直肠癌患者与结直肠腺瘤患者为研究对象。其中,61例患者采用EMR治疗,为EMR组,55例采用ESD治疗,为ESD组。比较EMR与ESD在结直肠癌前病变与早期癌患者中的应用效果。结果 EMR组患者的手术时间明显短于ESD组患者,两组患者的病理情况、异型增生程度的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ESD组病变最大径≥2 cm的整块切除和病变最大径≥2 cm的组织治愈性切除的患者明显多于EMR组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ESD组病变最大直径≥2 cm的患者明显多于EMR组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。EMR组和ESD组患者并发症总发生率分别为6.56%和23.63%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。EMR组和ESD组患者的复发率分别为5(8.20%)例和3(5.45%)例,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ESD术后出现并发症的危险因素为操作经验和病变大小(P0.05)。结论 ESD术和EMR术均能较好的整块切除病变最大径≥2 cm的早期结直肠癌与结直肠腺瘤,术后复发率较低。ESD术相对于EMR术更适合较大的病变,但术后复发率较高,且手术医师的操作经验和病变大小为ESD术后发生并发症的危险因素,应加强监测。     

Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for tumors of the esophagogastric junction

Background: For submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria (MP) layer of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) is now widely used, and it shows promise in overcoming the limitations of endoscopic submucosal dissection. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the STER technique for treating SMTs of the EGJ originating from the MP layer. Material and methods: From October 2011 to February 2014, 20 patients were enrolled for STER surgery. Results: The patients were categorized into three groups according to the tumor location. The esophagocardiac group had a lower complication rate (0/7) compared with the cardiac group (3/6) and the gastrocardiac group (3/7). The mean operation time in the esophagocardiac (83?±?24?min) and cardiac (83?±?55?min) groups was significantly shorter than that of the gastrocardiac group (145?±?44?min) (P?Conclusions: The STER technique appears to be a feasible and safe minimally invasive approach for SMTs originating from the MP layer of the EGJ, with satisfying en bloc resection, a short operation time, and low rates of severe complications.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Subepithelial tumors of the stomach used to be considered as benign, but they do have malignant potential, especially when they originate from the muscularis propria layer. The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the removal of subepithelial tumors from the muscularis propria layer and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for this indication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 lesions in 11 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study during the period between December 2004 and February 2006. ESD using an insulated-tip knife was used to remove gastric subepithelial tumors from the muscularis propria where this was possible. Endoscopic mucosal resection using a suction and cap method ("EMR-c") was used to obtain a sufficiently large specimen for tissue diagnosis if complete resection by ESD was not possible. RESULTS: Nine tumors were resected completely by ESD (success rate 75 %). The mean tumor size as determined by endoscopic ultrasound as 20.7 mm (range 6 - 40 mm). The histological diagnosis was gastrointestinal stromal tumor for eight lesions and leiomyoma for four tumors. The mean operation time was 60.9 minutes (range 20 - 170 minutes), and the average blood loss was 30 ml. No patient developed perforation or massive hemorrhage requiring surgical treatment, and there were no other immediate postprocedure complications. CONCLUSIONS: ESD can be used for the resection of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors and could replace treatment by surgical resection in some cases. EMR-c is an alternative method that can be used to obtain sufficient tumor tissue for histological diagnosis if complete resection by ESD fails.     

水下内镜切除术在消化道肿瘤治疗中的应用 （附452例综合分析）*

目的探讨水下内镜切除术在治疗消化道肿瘤中的疗效及安全性。方法通过美国国立医学图书馆搜索引擎PubMed,分别以"underwater endoscopic mucosal resection","underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection","underwater peroral endoscopic myotomy"为关键词,检索出相关文献,汇总病例并进行分析。结果共检索出40篇相关文献,纳入452例病例,其中水下内镜下黏膜切除术(UEMR)413例,水下内镜黏膜下剥离术(UESD)37例,水下经口内镜下肌切开术(UPOEM)2例。413例UEMR患者一共有468个病灶,切除成功率为98.5%,其中整块切除率达61.1%,整块切除者的R0切除率为94.3%;37例UESD患者共有39个病灶,所有病灶均经UESD完整剥离;2例UPOEM患者成功行水下黏膜下隧道建立及肌切开。全组术后并发症较低,以出血多见,其他包括穿孔、十二指肠腔狭窄、低钠血症、吸入性肺炎和自限性息肉切除术后综合征。结论水下内镜切除技术是一项较为安全有效的治疗手段,易于掌握且操作方便。今后仍需要更多的临床研究以及长期随访资料,以明确水下内镜切除技术与常规内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)或内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)相比的优势及适应证,便于临床应用及推广。     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: results and degrees of technical difficulty as well as success

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new method for the curative treatment of early gastrointestinal neoplasms, which was developed in order to increase the en bloc and R0 resection rate, especially for lesions larger than 20 mm in diameter. Drawbacks of ESD include the fact that it is technically a substantially more difficult procedure and that it is associated with a higher perforation rate. A retrospective study was therefore carried out to analyze cases in relation to the procedure time and resection success, and these factors were correlated with the characteristics of the lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to November 2005, 196 lesions in 185 patients with early gastric cancer were treated using ESD in our hospital. The rates of curative en bloc resection, the incidence of perforation, and the procedure times were analyzed in relation to lesion size (small, 20 mm or less in diameter; large, over 20 mm), location (upper, middle, or lower third of the stomach) and the presence or absence of ulceration. RESULTS: The rate of curative en bloc resection was 84 % (93 % of the lesions overall were resected in one piece), with a perforation rate of 6.1 % (all perforations were managed endoscopically) and a mean procedure time of 68 min. The rate of curative en bloc resection differed significantly depending on the location of the lesion (upper vs. middle vs. lower, 74 % vs. 77 % vs. 91 %; P < 0.05), as well as on the size of the lesion (> 20 mm vs. 20 mm or less, 59 % vs. 89 %; P < 0.0001). There were also significant differences in the mean procedure times in relation to the location of the lesion (upper vs. middle vs. lower, 105 min vs. 81 min vs. 45 min; P < 0.0001) and the size of the lesion (> 20 mm vs. 20 mm or less, 124 min vs. 55 min; P < 0.0001), as well as the presence of ulceration (positive vs. negative, 97 min vs. 65 min; P < 0.05). With regard to perforation rates, significant differences were also observed in relation to the location of the lesion (upper vs. middle vs. lower, 22.6 % vs. 2.8 % vs. 3.2 %; P < 0.0005) and size of the lesion (> 20 mm vs. 20 mm or less, 16.2 % vs. 3.8 %; P < 0.005). No local recurrences of curatively resected lesions (n = 119) were observed after a follow-up period of 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The difficulty of ESD depends on the location and size of the lesion, as well as on the presence of ulceration. We would recommend that trainees should begin by carrying out ESD on lesions with a diameter of less than 20 mm without ulceration that are located in the lower third of the stomach.     

A new technique for endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer using an external grasping forceps

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) has improved the success rate of en-bloc resection. We report here on a new technique using an external grasping forceps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with suitable EGCs over 10 mm in diameter located in the gastric body were enrolled. After submucosal injection followed by circumcision of the lesion with a needle-knife, an external grasping forceps was introduced with the help of a second grasping forceps and anchored at the distal margin of the lesion. With gentle oral traction applied with this forceps, the lesion was dissected endoscopically in retroversion from the aboral side. RESULTS: The mean lesion size was 15.0 mm (range 10 - 25 mm). Using the technique described, all lesions could be resected en bloc with free margins. The mean procedure time was 45 min (range 30 - 80 minutes). No significant bleeding requiring blood transfusion or perforation occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This technical modification may simplify and shorten the gastric ESD procedure, except for lesions in distal locations, without compromising the efficacy.     

Indications, Knives, and Electric Current: What's the Best?

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and ESD has been also applied for large colorectal neoplasms. Since colorectal ESD is still associated with higher perforation rate, a longer procedure time, and increased technical difficulty, the indications should be strictly considered. Generally, colorectal tumors without deep submucosal invasion or minimal possibility of lymph node metastasis, for which en bloc resection using conventional EMR is difficult, are good candidates for colorectal ESD. The ideal knife for colorectal ESD should avoid making perforations but can make a clean cut of optimal depth at one time. The ideal current for ESD differs depending on the procedure used, the surgical devices used, the tissue to be dissected, and the operator's preference. Application of the optimal indications and improvements in the technical skill and surgical devices are required for easier and safer colorectal ESD.     

Attempted endoscopic en bloc resection of mucosal and submucosal tumors using insulated-tip knives: a pilot series

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastrointestinal cancers has been shown to be effective in treating mucosal malignancies, but en bloc resection (where the entire tumor is removed in one piece) is often not achieved using conventional cap EMR. Other techniques, developed in Japan, include the application of different types of knife such as the insulated-tip instrument. We report our preliminary experience of the use of this knife, in conjunction with other techniques, in attempting en bloc resection of early mucosal cancers and adenomas and in the removal of submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 37 patients (26 men, 11 women, age range 53 - 86) were included in the study; 23 patients had 24 mucosal lesions amenable to EMR, and 14 patients had SMTs shown on endosonography to spare the muscularis propria. Lesions were located in the esophagus (n = 13), the stomach (n = 24), and the duodenum (n = 1); 40 % of the mucosal lesions were 20 mm or larger (mean size 18mm), whereas the mean size of the submucosal lesions was 23 mm. After submucosal saline injection, circumcision and dissection of the mucosal lesions was attempted with the aim of achieving en bloc resection. For SMTs, cap mucosectomy of the overlying mucosa was done first, and the tumors were then freed using saline injection, and finally resected using snare polypectomy. RESULTS: The strict aim of the study, i. e. complete tumor removal in a single piece, was achieved in only 25 % of the mucosal lesions (some failures were due to unrecognized submucosal infiltration) and 36 % of the SMTs. When a more liberal definition of success was assumed, this rate increased to 65 % for mucosal lesions (piecemeal, no tumor found at surgery or follow-up endoscopy with biopsy) and 79 % for SMTs (piecemeal). No severe complications necessitating surgery or leading to major morbidity occurred. However, clinically significant complications were found in six patients (minor perforation managed conservatively (n = 1), severe pain without perforation (n = 1), bleeding requiring reintervention (n = 3), and aspiration (n = 1)). CONCLUSIONS: Although we are convinced that methods of achieving en bloc resection of mucosal cancers and SMTs must be pursued, the insulated-tip knife in conjunction with conventional endoscopes still has limitations. Innovative endoscope design (double-channel scopes) as well as the development of new accessories will help to overcome the current limitations and further promote endoscopic tumor resection.     

剪刀型内镜切开刀在困难部位内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗中的应用*

目的探讨应用剪刀型内镜切开刀在困难部位进行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗的可行性和安全性。方法选取2015年6月-2018年6月发现的消化道早癌及癌前病变患者29例,拟于该科行ESD,但术前判断预计操作比较困难的患者应用剪刀型内镜切开刀(日本住友电木株式会社MD-47703 Jr型VS刀)进行ESD。结果所有患者均成功完成了ESD操作并获得整块切除,未发生消化道穿孔、大出血等治疗相关并发症。病灶平均大小(3.70±1.09)cm,平均治疗时间(64.83±17.77)min。病理判断:术后所有患者垂直切缘及水平切缘均为阴性,其中6例食管病变及1例胃体病变患者发现癌变,其血管、淋巴管及神经均阴性,且浸润深度均未超过黏膜下层200μm,均判断为治愈性切除,无需追加外科手术治疗,治愈性切除达100.0%。结论剪刀型内镜切开刀进行ESD治疗操作简单、整块切除率高、并发症发生率低,大大降低了ESD操作的门槛,有利于临床的推广普及。     

直肠神经内分泌肿瘤非治愈性切除患者的临床转归

目的评价经内镜切除的直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(RNETs)伴淋巴血管(LV)浸润或切缘阳性患者的临床转归。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月44例于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院治疗的存在LV浸润或切缘阳性的RNETs患者的临床资料。结果 385例RNETs患者中,44例病理确诊为RNETs伴LV浸润或切缘阳性,其中男性25例,女性19例,中位年龄57. 5岁(范围30~80岁)。病变完整切除率为87. 01%(335/385)。肿瘤直径为1~13mm,中位值为5. 5 mm;38个肿瘤直径<10 mm。36例采用内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),5例为内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)和3例为经肛内镜显微手术(TEM)。病理表现为G1级40例,G2级4例。术后病理提示肿瘤垂直切缘阳性31例(26例为ESD,5例为EMR),水平及垂直切缘均阳性4例(均为ESD);LV浸润5例(均为ESD),垂直切缘阳性且LV浸润4例(均为ESD)。3例垂直切缘阳性或LV浸润的患者接受TEM作为补救治疗,术后病理未见肿瘤残留;其他41例患者接受内镜监测,无复发病例。随访7~74个月,中位值为24个月,所有患者均未出现淋巴结或远处转移。结论内镜切除术是RNET的有效治疗方式,术后伴切缘阳性或LV浸润患者可随访观察,但需严密监测。     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early neoplastic gastric lesions using a new double-channel endoscope (the "R-scope")

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows en bloc resection of lesions > 2 cm in diameter. However the procedure is difficult because of limited visualization of the cutting area. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new endoscope (the "R-scope") for ESD; this provides a second flexible section for improved positioning capability and two instrumentation channels for vertical lifting of the targeted mucosal area and horizontal cutting of the submucosa. METHODS: The R-scope was tested first for ESD of 17 predetermined gastric areas in eight anesthetized pigs. Clinical experience was then prospectively obtained in 10 patients with early gastric neoplasia. In both instances, dye-stained saline solution was used for repeated submucosal injection. Various types of knives were available for circumferential cutting of the mucosa to isolate the targeted lesion. The specimen was then lifted and the submucosal layer was dissected with the appropriate type of knife to achieve en bloc resection. RESULTS: ESD succeeded in 14/17 animal cases (82 %), remained incomplete in two cases and failed in one because of an intractable perforation; a further two small perforations were clipped. In 10 patients (with nine early carcinomas and one adenoma, with a median diameter of 22 mm), lesions were completely resected in six cases. Surgery was necessary in two patients due to early and delayed perforation. Three other patients with small amounts of free air were conservatively managed but elective surgery was performed in two of these patients because of incomplete resection or deep submucosal tumor infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The R-scope facilitated ESD of large gastric areas in live animal testing and in a small series of patients However the procedure is technically demanding and time-consuming. It was also associated with a high risk of perforation; this may be related to an insufficient volume of solution being injected submucosally, excessively forceful lifting of the specimen, or the short learning period.     

A novel approach to endoscopic colorectal mucosal resection using a three-channel outer tube and multiple forceps: an experimental assessment

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has limitations both anatomically and technically when it is done using the conventional snare wire method. The aim of this study was to develop a new method and instrument for colorectal EMR. METHODS: A total of 21 EMR procedures were done using ten surgical specimens. Saline was injected into the normal submucosa of freshly resected colorectal specimens to prepare a pseudotumor. EMR was performed experimentally by employing a three-channel outer tube with three forceps and a colonoscope with a needle-type precutting knife. This method was assessed in terms of safety and the size of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Perforation occurred only twice in the initial stage of this study. The size of the specimens resected by EMR was 28-39 mm (long diameter 34.8+/-3.11), by 22-28 mm (short diameter 25.8+/-2.07). CONCLUSION: This method can achieve safety and en bloc mucosal resection to the submucosal layer. This novel approach may be promising for clinical application as a new form of endoscopic surgery.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期下咽癌及癌前病变的可行性研究

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期下咽癌及癌前病变的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2016年2月-2018年12月在浙江省肿瘤医院内镜科行ESD治疗的10例早期下咽癌及癌前病变患者的病例资料,评价ESD治疗的安全性及有效性。结果 10例患者共计12处下咽病变行ESD治疗,病变长径0.8?～3.0?cm,平均(1.7±0.8)cm,均一次性完整切除,整块切除率100%,ESD治疗时间20～160?min,平均(65.6±46.0)min。术后并发迟发性出血1例,呼吸困难1例,经内镜及内科保守治疗后痊愈;无穿孔、皮下气肿等并发症发生。ESD术后病理提示:低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN) 3处,高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)5处,中分化鳞状细胞癌(SCC)4处。除1例SCC基底切缘阳性追加放疗外,其余病变周切缘及基底切缘均阴性。中位随访时间21.5个月(5～39个月),1例患者并发食管入口狭窄,扩张后成功解除梗阻;无局部残留及复发转移。结论 ESD治疗早期下咽癌及癌前病变安全有效,值得临床推广应用。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管平滑肌瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗食管平滑肌瘤的疗效和安全性。方法对30例确诊为食管平滑肌瘤患者行ESD治疗,观察病灶切除情况、手术时间、术中及术后并发症等情况。结果 30例患者的病灶直径为1.5~2.5 cm(平均2.0 cm),均经ESD一次性完整切除。手术时间30~90 min(平均60 min)。术中少量出血均经电凝及热活检钳止血,3例出血较多,术后内镜下金属夹止血。所有ESD剥离病变包膜完整,基底和切缘未见病变累及。术后随访6月无复发。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管平滑肌瘤是一种安全、有效的方法。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌及癌前病变的临床疗效

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌(EGC)及癌前病变的临床疗效。方法收集2012年6月-2015年6月在郑州大学附属郑州中心医院消化内科接受ESD治疗的106例EGC或癌前病变患者的临床资料,统计分析ESD治疗效果、并发症、术后病理及远期疗效。结果病灶整块切除率为100.0%,平均手术时间为(61.8±17.3)min,病灶平均直径为(2.7±1.3)cm。无内镜下难以控制的大出血发生;术中穿孔及术后迟发性出血的发生率分别为6.6%及5.7%,均于内镜下处理后好转,无外科手术情况。术后病理结果提示胃早癌74例:高分化腺癌23例,中分化腺癌29例,低分化腺癌19例,印戒细胞癌3例;高级别上皮内瘤变32例;7例标本存在基底部肿瘤侵犯,无切缘阳性病例,R0切除率为93.4%,R1切除率为6.6%。7例R1切除患者经内镜下二次切除后达到R0切除。5例于术后1年内复发,复发率为4.7%,均接受根治性胃大部切除术。截至2016年12月,中位随访期为34个月,3年生存率达97.9%。结论 ESD治疗EGC及癌前病变安全可行,并具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和疗效可靠等优点,且临床疗效与外科手术相似。