梗阻性肥厚型心肌病病人二尖瓣置换术后临床和血流动力学效果

鉴于二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动是肥厚型心肌病(HCM)左室流出道(LVOT)梗阻的机制,二尖瓣置换术(MVR)已用于某些病例。作者从1983年起选择58例单纯的梗阻性 HCM 病人,为之单纯施行 MVR。术中超声心动图检查显示:室间隔厚度<18mm者29例,室间隔不典型增厚者14例,既往左室肌切除术后持续存在 LVOT 梗阻和症状者15例;各例均不宜作左室肌切除术。切除二尖瓣后植入 Bj(?)rk-Shiley 瓣(47例,其中39例选用23mm 或25mm 规格)、St.Jude瓣(4例)或 Hancock 生物瓣(7例),均为低侧面机械或生物瓣膜。25例男性病人平均     

超声心动图联合心脏核磁共振成像在肥厚型心肌病不同亚型临床管理中的应用

目的 探讨超声心动图（UCG）联合心脏核磁共振成像（CMRI）在肥厚型心肌病（HCM）不同亚型临床管理中的应用。方法 选取2018年1月至2021年2月在丽水市中心医院确诊为HCM的78例患者为研究对象,根据CMRI检查结果及相关诊断标准分为心尖HCM(ApHCM)组21例,非对称性室壁HCM(ASHCM)组57例,比较两组患者CMRI及UCG参数。结果 两组患者钆延迟强化阳性率、左心室壁最厚处厚度、左心室射血分数（LVEF）等CMRI参数比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。ASHCM组患者左心房内径、室间隔舒张末期厚度、舒张末期二尖瓣血流A峰值（A）、左心室流出道或中腔梗阻发生率、室间隔舒张早期二尖瓣血流E峰值（E）/运动峰值（e’）、侧壁E/e’、平均E/e’均明显高于ApHCM组,而室间隔e’、侧壁e’均明显低于ApHCM组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;两组患者左心室后壁舒张末期厚度、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期容积、LVEF、E、E/A比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 ASHCM患者的左心室流出道或中腔梗阻发生率明显高于...     

改良扩大Morrow手术治疗肥厚梗阻性心肌病12例临床分析

目的:评价外科手术治疗肥厚梗阻性心肌病的临床疗效。方法:2013年1月至2017年5月,12例患者因肥厚梗阻性心肌病行外科手术治疗,男性8例、女性4例,年龄42～56,平均年龄(40±13.3)岁,体质量55～74 kg,平均(60±12.6)kg,手术在全麻低温体外循环下完成,按常规经主动脉切口行室间隔心肌切除术(改良扩大Morrow技术),合并主动脉瓣下隔膜切除术4例。围术期UCG或TEE评价左心房(LA)、左心室(LV)、左心室流出道流速及压差(LVOT)、LVEF、二尖瓣结构和功能。结果:体外循环时间82～110 min,平均(71±18.3)min,主动脉阻断时间50～96 min,平均(45±16.4)min,气管插管时间8～22 h,平均(12±13.6)h, ICU住院时间24～72 h,平均(36±23)h,术后住院时间10～14 d,平均(10.4±2.8)d。与术前相比,LA大小[(40±9)vs.(36±4)mm]、LVOT [(111±32)vs.(26±12)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、室间隔厚度[(26±5)vs.(17±4)mm]、LVEF [(69±11)%vs.(58±8)%]均显著下降(P<0.05)。二尖瓣关闭好或仅轻度反流,SAM征消失。主要并发症:完全性房室传导阻滞1例(安装永久起搏器)。远期随访:所有生存患者症状消失,生命质量明显改善,心功能I～Ⅱ级,无远期死亡或并发症。结论:肥厚梗阻性心肌病外科手术可满意的减轻左心室流出道梗阻,提高患者的生命质量。     

重度主动脉瓣狭窄合并肥厚型梗阻性心肌病一例

主动脉瓣狭窄合并肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）患者的治疗首选外科手术,本文报道一例患者应用经导管技术先行室间隔血管微粒球栓塞（PSEM）治疗左心室流出道（LVOT）梗阻后择期行经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）治疗的病例。患者为77岁男性,因活动后胸闷、气促入院,超声心动图检查提示跨主动脉瓣平均压差53 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),LVOT峰值压差93 mmHg。心外科评估手术风险极高。多学科讨论后决定治疗策略为先行PSEM解除LVOT梗阻,择期行TAVR治疗主动脉瓣狭窄。应用微粒球栓塞第一间隔支后LVOT峰值压差明显下降,6 d后行TAVR治疗,术后主动脉瓣压力阶差降为2 mmHg。患者病情稳定后出院。     

冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的探讨冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗原则。方法选择冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者61例,并对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 45例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣成形术,16例行冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣置换术,其中2例患者行二尖瓣置换术,术后早期死于心力衰竭,余59例均治愈岀院。术后复查超声心动图检查显示,左心室舒张末内径从(52.8±11.3)mm降至(47.9±8.9)mm(P<0.01),LVEF从(46±11)%升至(52±12)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对于冠心病合并中重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术患者,同期处理二尖瓣后效果满意。     

经胸超声心动图评价高血压心脏病与左心室流出道梗阻的应用价值

目的:应用经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE),评价高血压心脏病与肥厚型心肌病(HCM)左心室流出道梗阻的二维及血流动力学特征,为临床鉴别诊断提供影像学依据。方法:左心室流出道梗阻患者31例,其中高血压性左心室流出道梗阻12例,肥厚型梗阻性心肌病19例,二维图像下测量两组患者的室间隔厚度及左心室后壁厚度,在静息状态和激发试验后测量两组患者的左心室流出道流速及最大压差,分别进行组间及组内比较。结果:室间隔厚度肥厚型心肌病组(19.6±1.8)mm明显高于高血压组(12.4±0.6)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左心室后壁厚度:肥厚型心肌病组(11.5±0.5)mm,高血压组(11.3±0.6)mm,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高血压组组内比较激发试验后左心室流出道流速(398.6±36.7)cm/s及压差[(68.4±12.9)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133kPa],均高于静息状态下流速178.2±23.4)cm/s,压差(13.5±6.2)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经胸超声心动图能准确评价左心室流出道梗阻的解剖结构与血流动力学特征,可准确鉴别梗阻类型及梗阻程度。     

改良扩大Morrow手术治疗主动脉瓣下梗阻合并左心室中部梗阻的肥厚型梗阻性心肌病中期效果分析

目的:总结改良扩大Morrow手术(室间隔心肌切除术)治疗34例主动脉瓣下梗阻合并左心室中部梗阻的肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者的中期效果。方法:纳入1996-11至2015-01在阜外医院行手术治疗的34例主动脉瓣下合并左心室中部梗阻的HOCM患者。所有患者均在全麻低温体外循环下行改良扩大Morrow手术,比较术前、术后及随访时的经胸超声心动图指标,以评估左心室中部、主动脉瓣下压差变化及心脏瓣膜功能。结果:术后平均随访时间(25.7±14.9)个月,无死亡病例,失访2例;随访时超声心动图检查显示,患者左心室中部压差[(21.0±19.8)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)vs(60.3±29.4)mm Hg]、主动脉瓣下压差[(11.1±6.5)mm Hg vs(77.9±26.2)mm Hg]、最大室间隔厚度([17.9±7.2)mm vs(25.2±4.9)mm]、左心房直径([37.6±6.4)mm vs(41.1±7.8)mm]均较术前明显降低,左心室舒张末期内径[(42.2±4.3)mm vs(39.8±5.1)mm]较术前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);5例患者因切除范围不够导致术后左心室中部压差缓解不明显。随访时患者纽约心脏协会心功能分级明显改善(P0.01),二尖瓣反流程度减低(P0.01),二尖瓣收缩期前向运动现象消失。术后并发症包括:三度房室阻滞3例(8.8%),胸骨愈合不良并肺部感染二次入院1例(2.9%)。结论:改良扩大Morrow术可以减轻主动脉瓣下梗阻及左心室中部梗阻,能改善患者中期预后,有可能改善患者的左心室舒张功能。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病行左心室流出道疏通术与经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗的远期疗效分析

目的:回顾性方法研究肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行左心室流出道疏通术与经皮室间隔化学消融术治疗的临床资料,评价两种治疗方法的远期疗效.方法:57例患者,28例行左心室流出道疏通术,29例行经皮室间隔化学消融术,分别比较两种方法治疗前、后左心室流出道压力阶差、室间隔厚度及每种方法治疗前后超声心动图结果,电话随访患者治疗后的临床症状.结果:28例左心室流出道疏通术患者平均年龄(36±16)岁,与术前比较,左心室流出道疏通术后室间隔厚度和左心室流出道压差明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后随访平均时间(3.8±1.2)年,并发症主要为心律失常,发生率64.3%,以完全左束支阻滞为主,胸闷好转率75%.经皮室间隔化学消融术患者平均年龄(43±11)岁,与术前比较,室间隔消融术后室间隔厚度和左心室流出道压差亦明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后随访平均时间(3.6±1.2)年,术后并发症主要为心律失常,发生率37.9%,以完全右束支阻滞为主,胸闷好转率75%.结论:外科左心室流出道疏通术及经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病均可降低左心室流出道压力阶差,改善患者临床症状,有较好的远期疗效.     

肥厚性心肌病的心室造影特点

目的分析梗阻型肥厚性心肌病(HOCM)患者心室造影结果及形态学特征。方法纳入1995~2005年收治入院并接受心室造影和超声检查的74例确诊为肥厚型心肌病的患者。以左心室流出道与左心室压力差≥30 mmHg为梗阻型,30 mmHg为非梗阻型,将患者分为2组。比较其形态学和造影结果。结果 (1)入选74例患者,梗阻型14例(18.9%),其中收缩期前向运动6例(42.9%),冠心病3例(21.4%);非梗阻型60例(81.1%),其中11例合并冠心病(18.3%)。(2)超声显示室间隔增厚至(11.4±2.5)mm,左室后壁厚度(9.8±1.7)mm,左心室舒张末内径(48±5)mm,左心房内径(36±5)mm。(3)左室造影显示左室舒张末容积为(123±31)ml,左室收缩末容积为(27±11)ml,左心室射血分数(EF)为(78±6)%。(4)左心室造影形态学特征为梗阻型心室结构14例,其中正常5例;非梗阻型左心室结构60例,正常27例。结论非梗阻型肥厚性心肌病与HOCM左室舒张末内径、左室舒张末容积及左室收缩末容积、EF值,以及呈现正常形态的病例数等均无差异。     

扩大心肌切除术对消除肥厚型梗阻性心肌病二尖瓣反流的效果分析

目的:分析扩大心肌切除术对消除肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)二尖瓣反流的效果。方法:回顾2002-11至2017-07我院单一术者手术治疗的480例HOCM患者,患者均接受扩大心肌切除、离断二尖瓣装置与室间隔的异常连接及修剪乳头肌等操作,术后利用超声心动图结果评估手术对左心室流出道(LVOT)梗阻及二尖瓣反流的改善效果。结果:480例患者中22例(4.6%)因二尖瓣器质性病变而行二尖瓣成形或置换,其余458例(95.4%)未行二尖瓣处理的患者中,1例(0.2%)术后第5天死于感染性休克,4例失访(0.9%),中位随访时间为6个月(3,12)。随访超声心动图结果显示:患者LVOT压差较术前显著减小[(12.8±11.6)mm Hg vs(89.1±30.6)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa,P0.001];合并二尖瓣前向运动(SAM)的患者由术前451例(98.5%)下降至随访时42例(9.3%)(P0.001);二尖瓣中量以上反流患者由术前的297例(64.8%),下降至随访期间的14例(3.1%)(P0.001)。多因素回归分析显示:随访期间残余SAM现象的患者二尖瓣中量以上反流的发生率较高(OR=30.334,95%CI:5.619~163.739,P0.001)。结论:扩大心肌切除术可消除绝大部分患者的LVOT梗阻及SAM相关二尖瓣反流。在不合并二尖瓣器质性病变时,HOCM患者极少需要同期处理二尖瓣。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.