云南省1株基孔肯雅毒株全基因组序列测定及特征分析

目的 对1例缅甸输入基孔肯雅热病例血清标本进行病毒分离及全基因组测序,分析其基因特征。方法 采用real-time RT-PCR方法对标本进行检测,分离培养后获得毒株,对病毒核酸扩增后的产物进行全基因组测序,使用DNAStar 7.1软件对测序结果进行拼接,Mega5.0软件对序列进行比对和系统发生树构建。结果 病例血清标本核酸检测显示CHIKV阳性,经分离培养获得CHIKV毒株(YN0627株),全基因组测序得到其序列,YN0627全长为11 586 nt,其基因结构符合CHIKV的基因特征。系统进化分析显示,YN0627与东中南非洲遗传谱系(East, Central and South African Lineage, ECSA)的其他流行株聚集在一起,属于ECSA谱系。YN0627的编码区与参考序列相比,核苷酸同源性为85.24%~99.96%,氨基酸同源性为95.34%~99.97%,结构蛋白编码区域有28个氨基酸变异位点。结论 云南省输入性CHIKV-YN0627属于ECSA谱系,且观察到多个氨基酸位点突变,提示云南省应当加强对CHIKV的监测和研究。     

基孔肯雅热

基孔肯雅（Chikungunya。cHIK）热是由基孔肯雅病毒（Chikungunya virus,CHIKV）引起,经蚊虫吸血传播的一种自然疫源性疾病。“基孔肯雅”是坦桑尼亚南部土语“chikungunya”译音,意即身体弯曲,是由于病人出现关节炎症状,最后弯腰曲背,故本病可意译为“屈曲病”,其主要临床表现为发热、关节剧烈疼痛和皮疹。     

基孔肯雅病毒小鼠感染模型研究进展

基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus, CHIKV)感染引发的基孔肯雅热是一种主要经伊蚊叮咬而传播的虫媒传染病,近些年已在100多个国家流行或暴发,成为严重威胁全球公共卫生安全的虫媒病毒性传染病。CHIKV感染后可以引起急性发热、皮疹、肌肉疼痛以及慢性关节炎、腱鞘炎等临床症状,严重者可发生病毒性脑炎。小鼠模型作为CHIKV最常用的动物感染模型,在病毒感染机理、宿主抗感染免疫机制以及相关疫苗或药物研发等方面应用广泛。本文拟就国内外关于基孔肯雅病毒小鼠感染模型的最新研究进展作一综述。     

白纹伊蚊经实验感染后涎腺中基孔肯雅病毒和乙型脑炎病毒抗原检测

用基孔肯雅和乙型脑炎病毒经口感染白纹伊蚊，采用免疫荧光试验对雌蚊涎腺作病毒抗原检查，结果于感染后第８￣１４天基孔肯雅的阳性为５０％￣９１．６７％，乙型脑炎为７０％￣８０％。试验认为，白纹伊蚊在感染后第６￣８天即可传播基孔肯雅和乙型脑炎病毒。     

老挝基孔肯雅热流行特征研究进展

基孔肯雅热(Chikungunya fever, CHIKF)是经携带基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus, CHIKV)的白纹伊蚊或埃及伊蚊叮咬人类,出现以发热、关节痛、关节炎、皮疹为主要临床表现的急性病毒性传染病,广泛流行于热带与亚热带地区。以往老挝主要采用CHIKV血清学抗体检测方法发现老挝存在基孔肯雅热低度流行,2012年采用病原学检测方法(CHIKV RT-PCR)首次在老挝南部占巴塞省(Champasak)证实了CHIKV在老挝的分布。近年来通过CHIKV的调查、监测及其相关研究,基本弄清了老挝基孔肯雅热流行特征,本文综述了老挝基孔肯雅热流行特征研究进展。     

应用含内参的多重实时荧光RT-PCR方法快速检测登革病毒和基孔肯雅病毒

目的 建立一种登革病毒、基孔肯雅病毒并含人类基因内参检测的多重实时荧光RT-PCR方法,能在同一反应管内同时检测目前发现的所有来源的登革病毒或基孔肯雅病毒。方法 针对登革病毒3′端非编码区和基孔肯雅病毒结构蛋白E2-6K-E1区以及人体各类组织细胞中均能稳定表达的RNAse P基因,设计了3套特异性引物和探针,建立了1套能同时检测登革病毒、基孔肯雅病毒及含有人类基因检测内参的多重实时荧光RT-PCR方法,对其灵敏性和特异性进行了验证,并对临床发热病人标本进行了应用评估。结果 该方法对检测体外转录合成的登革病毒和基孔肯雅病毒RNA的灵敏性可达最低每个反应10～100拷贝,对检测登革1型病毒和基孔肯雅病毒的灵敏性分别可达最低每个反应0.1 TCID₅₀/mL和1 TCID₅₀/mL。用20株登革病毒、4株基孔肯雅病毒和日本脑炎病毒、西尼罗病毒、黄热病毒、盖塔病毒、辛德毕斯病毒各1株进行检测,方法的特异性均为100%。方法应用于189份发热病人血清标本检测,可准确地鉴定出其中登革病毒或基孔肯雅病毒核酸阳性的标本,且所有血清标本均能被内参引物和探针有效地扩增和杂交。结论 本研究建立了一种高灵敏性、高特异性且含人类基因内参检测的登革病毒和基孔肯雅病毒多重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,可作为登革热或基孔肯雅热病人早期快速鉴别诊断的有效工具,也可用于蚊媒携带登革病毒或基孔肯雅病毒的高通量快速筛查。     

广东省首例输人性甲型H1N1流行性感冒临床分析

目的 了解2009年广东省首例输入性甲型H1N1流行性感冒(流感)病例的流行病学、临床、病原学特点及预后转归.方法 对该例成年男性患者流行病学及临床资料进行回顾性分析,并采用实时荧光PCR法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸.结果 该患者赴加拿大、美国自助旅游3周,2009年5月14日发病,次日回国入境检疫时有发热,即转送广州市第八人民医院隔离治疗.其临床表现以咽痛、干咳、鼻塞起病,后出现发热、全身肌肉酸痛、乏力、纳差等流感症状,无肺炎等并发症.WBC总数在发病初期升高,后期降低.咽拭子检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性,病毒分离后测序结果显示与美国分离株高度相似.患者经抗病毒及对症支持治疗后痊愈出院.结论 该患者临床表现典型,确诊为广东省首例输入性甲型H1N1流感.     

树Qu实验感染后血清中抗基孔肯雅病毒IgM和IgG抗体检查

成年树Ｑｕ经人工感染基孔肯雅病毒后，能产生２－６天的病毒血症。感染后第６天能产生特异性ＩｇＭ抗体，第１４－２１天为高峰，以后逐渐下降，感染后第１２天，ＩｇＧ抗体开始出现，３０－６０天为高峰，并持续不降，表明树Ｑｕ对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。     

云南首次从患者体内分离到基孔肯雅病毒

本文报告1987年从云南西双版纳地区97份急性发热期病人血中分离到一株基孔肯雅病毒,并在分离到病毒患者恢复期血清中查到中和抗体,指数为316。首次证实云南有基孔肯雅轻型病例及自然疫源地存在。     

树鼩实验感染后血清中抗基孔肯雅病毒IgM和IgG抗体检查

成年树经人工感染基孔肯雅病毒后，能产生2～6天的病毒血症。感染后第6天能产生特异性IgM抗体，第14～21天为高峰，以后逐渐下降。感染后第12天，IgG抗体开始出现，第30～60天为高峰，并持续不降，表明树对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。     

Symptomatic Chikungunya Virus Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Nested Case-Control Study in French Guiana

During the Chikungunya epidemic in the Caribbean and Latin America, pregnant women were affected by the virus in French Guiana. The question of the impact of the virus on pregnancy was raised because of the lack of scientific consensus and published data in the region. Thus, during the Chikungunya outbreak in French Guiana, a comparative study was set up using a cohort of pregnant women. The objective was to compare pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between pregnant women with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and pregnant women without CHIKV. Of 653 mothers included in the cohort, 246 mothers were included in the case-control study: 73 had CHIKV fever during pregnancy and 173 had neither fever nor CHIKV during pregnancy. The study did not observe any severe clinical presentation of CHIKV in the participating women. There were no intensive care unit admissions. In addition, the study showed no significant difference between the two groups with regard to pregnancy complications. However, the results showed a potential excess risk of neonatal ICU admission of the newborn when the maternal infection occurred within 7 days before delivery. These results suggest that special attention should be paid to neonates whose mothers were infected with CHIKV shortly before delivery.     

Chikungunya-related arthritis: Case report and review of the literature

Introduction

Chikungunya fever often presents with severe arthritis/arthralgias, high fever, myalgias, headache, and maculopapular rash (Chow et al., 2011 [1]; Das et al., 2010 [2]; Mizuno et al., 2011 [3]; Powers, 2010 [4]; Sissoko et al., 2010 [5]; Staples et al., 2009 [6]). Persistent arthritis/arthralgias commonly develop after symptomatic infection and are the most common long-term complication (Chow et al., 2011 [1]; Powers, 2010 [4]; Sissoko et al., 2010 [5]; Staples et al., 2009 [6]). The small joints are most often affected in a symmetric pattern that can mimic adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Mizuno et al., 2011 [3]; Bouquillard and Combe, 2009 [7]; Chabbra et al., 2008 [8]; Jaffar-Bandjee et al., 2009 [9]; Simon et al., 2007 [10]).

Objective

We present a case of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced arthritis and review the literature surrounding Chikungunya-induced arthritis/arthralgias and associated musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations.

Methods

A Medline search was completed from 1946—November 2011. Key words included Chikungunya virus and arthritis. A PubMed search was completed from 1996—November 2011. Search terms included Chikungunya virus, etiology, and fever. Searches were limited to humans and English language publications. Additional relevant articles were obtained from the reference lists.     

Artritis erosiva por virus Chikungunya,caso y revisión de la literatura

Chikungunya virus infection (CHIKV) is associated with joint involvement in half of the cases. This can lead to erosive arthritis which, given the high intervariability of clinical and serological presentations, and the probable role of genetic conditioning in the severity and chronification of the condition, represents a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. There is an important lack of scientific evidence that would enable us to characterize the variability of the patient and choose the most appropriate approach.     

Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection in five hospitals within Anyigba,Kogi State of Nigeria

Febrile illnesses in developing countries are often misdiagnosed as malaria or typhoid fever. Although arboviral infections have similar clinical symptoms, they are usually not screened because of limited resources and the fact that there are several viruses in this group. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been isolated in parts of Nigeria, but there is no documented evidence of the infection in Kogi State. This study determined seroprevalence of active and past CHIKV infection among febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever. Sera from 243 febrile patients were screened for CHIKV IgG and IgM using an immunochromatographic test kit. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Recent CHIKV infection was observed in 5.8% of the study participants while 25.1% had IgG antibodies demonstrating previous infection. Significant associations were observed between seropositivity and age of participants (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.044), marital status (p = 0.002), and occupation (p < 0.001). Clinical symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and headache were significantly associated with seropositivity. This study identified recent CHIKV infection in Anyigba. Therefore, there is need for routine screening of febrile patients and molecular characterization to determine the nature of circulating strains.     

Investigation of an outbreak of chikungunya in Malegaon Municipal areas of Nasik district, Maharashtra (India) and its control

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: An outbreak of chikungunya fever occurred in Malegaon town of Nasik district of Maharashtra state, India during February and March 2006. A total of 4530 fever cases were reported during this period including 1781 cases which were admitted in different hospitals of the town. An entomological and epidemiological investigation was carried out in the affected villages during the outbreak to study the possible causes of the outbreak and to isolate the virus responsible. METHODS: Entomological evaluation was done as per WHO guidelines. Sera samples were collected by venipuncture from clinically suspected chikungunya patients in hospitals and also during house-to-house survey in affected villages. IgM antibodies to dengue virus were detected using IgM capture ELISA (PANBIO) and by "Haemagglutination inhibition test" for detection of antibodies against Chikungunya virus. Acute sera samples were inoculated in cell lines for virus isolation. The isolates were confirmed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: On investigation, it was found that water storage containers like cement tanks, plastic containers or earthen pots placed in front of the individual houses were the potential breeding sites for Aedes aegypti. Entomological survey carried out in the most affected areas revealed high Aedes indices. House, container and breteau indices were found to be 27.2, 16.19 and 35.1, respectively. Out of the 13 acute sera samples collected, virus was isolated in 10 samples. The isolates were confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing using primers from nsP1 gene of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV, Accession No. EF077609, EF077610). Of the 17 convalescent sera tested, significant level of HI antibodies to CHIKV was detected in five samples. One sample was positive for IgM antibodies against dengue virus. Based on clinico-epidemiological features and laboratory findings, the illness was confirmed to be of chikungunya viral disease. CONCLUSION: Control measures targeting the vector population and personal protective measures against the mosquito bites were instituted. Extensive IEC campaign with the involvement of community and religious leaders helped in containment of the disease.