骨髓间充质干细胞体外构建组织工程化半月板

目的探索以骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）为种子细胞,在体外构建具有完整内侧半月板形态的软骨样组织的方法。方法运用模具制备内侧半月板形的PGA/PLA支架。抽取犬骨髓,分离培养BMSCs,将其接种于支架材料上,5 d后使用软骨诱导液培养。体外培养6周后,行大体观察、组织学检测及生物力学检测。结果细胞材料复合物能够较好地维持半月板三维立体结构,形成了表面光滑、触之有弹性的瓷白色软骨样组织。 HE染色可见典型的软骨陷窝出现,说明成熟软骨组织的形成。Safranine O染色证实有蛋白聚糖基质产生。生物力学检测显示,新生组织弹性模量达正常半月板组织的12.7%。结论 BMSCs通过体外诱导,可在体外分化为较成熟的软骨组织,并构建出组织工程化半月板。     

Autologous Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Suppresses Inflammation Caused by Synovial Harvesting and Promotes Healing in a Micro Minipig Repaired Meniscus Model

PurposeAllogeneic synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effectively promote meniscus healing in micro minipigs. We investigated the effect of autologous synovial MSC transplantation on meniscus healing in a micro minipig model of meniscus repair showing synovitis after synovial harvesting.Materials and MethodsSynovium was harvested from the left knee of the micro minipigs after arthrotomy and used to prepare synovial MSCs. The left medial meniscus in the avascular region was injured, repaired, and transplanted with synovial MSCs. First, synovitis was compared after 6 weeks in knees with and without synovial harvesting. Second, the repaired meniscus was compared for the autologous MSC group and the control group (in which synovium was harvested but MSCs were not transplanted) 4 weeks after transplantation.ResultsSynovitis was more severe in knees subjected to synovium harvesting than in knees not subjected to harvesting. Menisci treated with autologous MSCs showed no red granulation at the tear of the meniscus, but menisci not treated with MSCS showed red granulation. Macroscopic scores, inflammatory cell infiltration scores, and matrix scores assessed by toluidine blue staining were all significantly better in the autologous MSC group than in the control group without MSCs (n = 6).ConclusionAutologous synovial MSC transplantation suppressed the inflammation caused by synovial harvesting in micro minipigs and promoted healing of the repaired meniscus.     

In Vivo Studies of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Meniscus Injury

This review summarizes the literature of preclinical studies and clinical trials on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat meniscus injury and promote its repair and regeneration and provide guidance for future clinical research. Due to the special anatomical features of the meniscus, conservative or surgical treatment can hardly achieve complete physiological and histological repair. As a new method, stem cells promote meniscus regeneration in preclinical research and human preliminary research. We expect that, in the near future, in vivo injection of stem cells to promote meniscus repair can be used as a new treatment model in clinical treatment. The treatment of animal meniscus injury, and the clinical trial of human meniscus injury has begun preliminary exploration. As for the animal experiments, most models of meniscus injury are too simple, which can hardly simulate the complexity of actual meniscal tears, and since the follow‐up often lasts for only 4–12 weeks, long‐term results could not be observed. Lastly, animal models failed to simulate the actual stress environment faced by the meniscus, so it needs to be further studied if regenerated meniscus has similar anti‐stress or anti‐twist features. Despite these limitations, repair of the meniscus by MSCs has great potential in clinics. MSCs can differentiate into fibrous chondrocytes, which can possibly repair the meniscus and provide a new strategy for repairing meniscus injury.     

Dynamic Fluid Flow Mechanical Stimulation Modulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which initiate and regulate bone formation. New strategies for osteoporosis treatments have aimed to control the fate of MSCs. While functional disuse decreases MSC growth and osteogenic potentials, mechanical signals enhance MSC quantity and bias their differentiation toward osteoblastogenesis. Through a non-invasive dynamic hydraulic stimulation (DHS), we have found that DHS can mitigate trabecular bone loss in a functional disuse model via rat hindlimb suspension (HLS). To further elucidate the downstream cellular effect of DHS and its potential mechanism underlying the bone quality enhancement, a longitudinal in vivo study was designed to evaluate the MSC populations in response to DHS over 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Five-month old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups for each time point: age-matched control, HLS, and HLS+DHS. DHS was delivered to the right mid-tibiae with a daily “10 min on-5 min off-10 min on” loading regime for five days/week. At each sacrifice time point, bone marrow MSCs of the stimulated and control tibiae were isolated through specific cell surface markers and quantified by flow cytometry analysis. A strong time-dependent manner of bone marrow MSC induction was observed in response to DHS, which peaked on day 14. After 21 days, this effect of DHS was diminished. This study indicates that the MSC pool is positively influenced by the mechanical signals driven by DHS. Coinciding with our previous findings of mitigation of disuse bone loss, DHS induced changes in MSC number may bias the differentiation of the MSC population towards osteoblastogenesis, thereby promoting bone formation under disuse conditions. This study provides insights into the mechanism of time-sensitive MSC induction in response to mechanical loading, and for the optimal design of osteoporosis treatments.     

Kartogenin对兔滑膜间充质干细胞增值及成软骨分化的对比研究

【】 目的 探讨Kartogenin(KGN)对兔滑膜间充质干细胞成软骨分化的作用方法 取6-10月龄新西兰大白兔(体重1.8~2.2kg)膝关节处滑膜分离培养SMSCs,通过形态学观察、流式细胞术对其进行鉴定.使用PELLET法,将聚丙烯管中的SMSCs团块分成3组,分别加入KGN,TGF-β3/BMP-2/地塞米松(Dexamethasone,DEX)以及二甲亚砜(DMSO)。通过比较增值速度、各组软骨微球的直径、重量,Ⅱ型胶原(免疫组织化学染色)表达,成软骨分化相关标志基因表达以及蛋白质合成量来评价KGN对SMSCs增值及成软骨能力的影响,结果 经鉴定,成功从兔膝关节滑膜分离出SMSCs。KGN对SMSCs增值能力弱于TGF-β3/BMP-2/DEX组,KGN组诱导产生的软骨微球直径最大,重量最重,均显著高于其他组(P<0.05),且Ⅱ型胶原合成量最多。qRT-PCR及Western Blot结果表明KGN组成软骨分和相关基因的表达水平最强,蛋白质合成量最大。结论 KGN促进SMSCs成软骨分化能力,但并没有增强SMSCs的增值能力。     

骨髓间充质干细胞干预对急性肾损伤鼠肾脏中细胞因子的影响

目的：建立缺血再灌注（I/R）诱导的急性肾损伤小鼠模型,探讨外源性地给予骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）干预对模型小鼠肾损伤微环境中细胞因子水平的影响,并探讨其在肾损害修复中的作用。方法：采用Percoll密度梯度离心法分离出C57BL/6小鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞（mMSCs）。雄性C57BL/6小鼠45只,分为正常对照组（15只）、I/R组（15只、夹闭双侧肾蒂30min开放）、I/R＋mMSCs组（15只、夹闭双侧肾蒂30min开放的同时尾静脉注射mMSCs）。于建模后1d、2d、3d、7d、14d分别处死部分小鼠（每次每组均处死3只）,留取动脉血及肾组织,检测血尿素氮（BUN）及肌酐（Scr）水平,制作肾组织切片行HE染色,观察肾组织病理变化,行肾小管坏死程度评分（ATN评分）。ELISA法检测肾组织匀浆肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、肝细胞生长因子（HGF）、骨形态发生蛋白-7（BMP-7）的水平。结果：I/R组小鼠的BUN及Scr均显著高于正常对照组,肾小管损伤严重;而I/R＋mMSCs组小鼠的BUN及Scr水平较I/R组为低,以术后第7天差异最为显著（P〈0.01）,肾小管损伤病理明显减轻,ATN评分也有着显著降低。ELISA结果显示单纯I/R组各时间点肾组织匀浆中TNF-α、IL-1β、MCP-1的水平显著升高（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,而IL-10、HGF、BMP-7的水平却有着显著降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。但同时给予MSCs干预的I/R小鼠肾组织匀浆中前述细胞因子的水平却向着相反方向改变。结论：MSCs对I/R肾组织中细胞因子的分泌具有调控作用,而这些调控了的细胞因子进而可通过旁分泌作用发挥促进肾损害的修复作用。     

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and PRP Therapy Favorize Leak Closure After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Zucker Rats

Obesity Surgery - Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most performed bariatric surgery but gastric leaks following SG occur in up to 2% of cases. Regenerative medicine is emerging as a promising field...     

Cytoprotective Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Liver Transplantation from Donors After Cardiac Death in Rats

Background

Liver transplantation from donors after cardiac death (DCD) might increase the pool of available organs. Recently, some investigators reported the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve the outcome of liver transplantation from DCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effects and safety of MSC transplantation on liver grafts from DCD.

真皮间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展

骨组织工程技术修复骨组织的缺损显示了广阔的应用前景.真皮间充质干细胞(Dermal mesenchymal stem cells,DMSCs)来源于皮肤组织,易大量获取,对供区损伤极小,具有包括成骨分化在内的多向分化潜能,有望成为骨组织工程研究合适的种子细胞.我们就真皮间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展进行综述.     

骨髓间充质干细胞复合聚乳酸-羟基乙酸材料治疗大鼠神经损伤的实验研究

目的 研究骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,BMSCs)及其分化的神经样细胞分别与聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(polylactic glycolic acid,PLGA)支架材料复合修复大鼠神经损伤的效果.方法 将BMSCs复合PIGA培养,通过扫描电镜观察BMSCs在PLG...     

骨髓间充质干细胞对缺血再灌注损伤肾小管上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：探讨外源性骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植对缺血再灌注损伤（I/R）后肾小管上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法：将雄性SD大鼠MSCs用DAPI标记后注入受体雌性SD大鼠体内。30只受体大鼠随机分为3组：假手术对照组（C组）、MSCs＋I/R组（M组）、DMEM-F12＋I/R组（D组）,每组10只。7d后观察肾功能,肾脏病理改变,采用原位末端标记法检测细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化法检测增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达,并观察DAPI标记的MSCs在受体大鼠肾脏的分布情况。结果：I/R后第7天,M组在肾功能、肾脏病理改变上,均明显好于D组;肾组织内PCNA＋细胞数和凋亡指数均低于D组。I/R后7d内未发现MSCs定位于肾组织中。结论：外源性MSCs可以促进I/R损伤后肾小管上皮细胞的增殖和减少细胞凋亡,从而有利于肾小管损伤的早期恢复。