经皮冠状动脉介入治疗且有缺血性卒中史的冠心病患者的临床特点

目的 探讨行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)且合并有缺血性卒中史的冠心病患者的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2010年12月连续行PCI的2121例患者的临床资料,占急性冠脉综合征治疗的82%,并随访至2014年6月。随访终点事件包括支架内再狭窄、支架内血栓形成、靶病变再次血管重建、再次心肌梗死、脑梗死、全因死亡、心源性死亡。记录患者随访期间的主要不良事件,并进行统计各事件发生率。结果 共随访冠心病患者1950例,其中合并有缺血性卒中病史的患者234例。对比非缺血性卒中患者,前者的年龄更大(P=0.001),高血压患病率(P=0.002)、糖尿病患病率(P=0.006)和多支病变(P=0.001)比例更高。患者随访时间为(61.0±40.5)个月。对比非缺血性卒中患者,有缺血性卒中史患者的心源性死亡(8.9％VS 4.1％,P =0.003)、再次脑梗死(6.4％VS 2.0％,P =0.004)的发生率较高,使用双联抗血小板聚集药物治疗时间差异无统计学意义[(14.55±10.42)个月比(13.99±10.45)个月,P=0.975],主要出血不良事件的发生率差异无统计学意义(5.6％VS 3.8％,P=0.112),而脑出血的发生率较高(2.1％VS 0.7％,P=0.032)。结论 对比非缺血性卒中患者,合并有缺血性卒中史的冠心病患者有更高的危险因素患病率,冠状动脉多支病变率更高,随访期间心源性死亡和脑梗死的发生率更高,在不减少使用双联抗血小板集聚药物治疗时间的情况下脑出血的发生率更高。     

193卒中后痴呆增加长期卒中复发的危险性

大量研究报告表明脑梗死后长期卒中复发的危险性增高。Framingham研究显示，5年的卒中复发率为42％，而卒中资料库报告2年的卒中复发率为14％。最近有结果表明，5年复发率25％～30％。说明卒中的复发率在近年来并未下降。本文旨在确定缺血性卒中后3个月确诊的痴呆是否为长期卒中复发的一个独立危险因素。方法242例首发缺血性卒中住院治疗后3个月无复发的病人进人研究组。平均年龄72．0±8．7岁。242例中208例（86％）至少在基础评估后完成了1次随访、176例（72．7％）至少完成了2次随访、111例（45．9％）至少完成了3次随访、31例（12．8％…     

脑电双频指数在大面积脑梗死昏迷患者中的临床应用

目的探讨应用脑电双频指数(BIS)评估大面积脑梗死导致昏迷患者病情严重程度的可靠性及其与预后的关系。方法选择大面积脑梗死导致昏迷的患者30例,分为生存组20例和死亡组10例,记录BIS_(min)、BIS_(max),计算BIS_(mean)。同时动态监测生命体征、临床症状体征、评价格拉斯哥昏迷评分。随访3个月,评估格拉斯哥结局和格拉斯哥昏迷评分,以出院后3个月内有无死亡为终点评价指标。结果与生存组住院时间(30.2±5.1)d比较,死亡组住院时间(41.0±7.3)d明显延长(P<0.01);死亡组BIS_(min)、BIS_(max)、BIS_(mean)分别为45.1±1 9.2、51.1±20.0、48.1±19.5,生存组分别为69.1±1 3.6、74.5±1 3.0、71.8±1 3.1,死亡组BIS_(min)、BIS_(max)、BIS_(mean)较生存组明显降低(P<0.01)。死亡组BIS_(max)与格拉斯哥结局评分呈正相关(r=0.486,P=0.03)。结论 BIS能直接、客观的反映大面积脑梗死昏迷患者脑损伤的严重程度,可准确、可靠地预测昏迷患者的预后,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

卒中后易发生痴呆的危险因素

痴呆是脑血管病的常见后遗症,作者以往对缺血性卒中后3个月的患者随访时发现有26.3％表现为痴呆。而缺血性卒中后易发生痴呆的危险因素尚不明确。一般认为,引起脑缺血缺氧的疾病可加重痴呆,形成低灌注痴呆。作者通过前瞻性研究来确定缺血缺氧(HI)性疾病是否为卒中患者发生痴呆的独立因素。     

急性出血性脑卒中进展及与预后关系的前瞻性研究

目的探讨急性出血性脑卒中进展及其与预后的关系。方法前瞻性连续登记237例急性出血性脑卒中患者,根据欧洲进展性卒中研究小组定义的进展性卒中诊断标准判定卒中有无进展,并进行定期随访;采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归法分析卒中进展与预后的关系。结果75例（31．6％）诊断为进展性脑卒中;进展性卒中患者在3、6个月随访时死亡和死亡／残疾比例均高于非进展患者（P〈0．05）,卒中进展是3个月死亡和死亡／残疾、6个月死亡和死亡／残疾的独立危险因素。结论急性出血性脑卒中患者中约有30％可出现病情进展,卒中进展是预后不良的独立危险因素。     

有缺血性卒中史的冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的长期疗效

目的 探讨接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)且既往有缺血性卒中史的冠心病患者的临床特点和长期随访的结果.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院2003年1月至2007年12月连续行PCI的2053例患者的临床资料,并随访至2009年12月.随访终点事件包括全因死亡、心原性死亡、支架内血栓形成、靶病变再次血管重建、再次心肌梗死、脑梗死.统计随访期间患者主要出血事件的发生率.结果 共随访1945例冠心病患者,其中222例患者既往有缺血性卒中病史.与非缺血性卒中患者比较,有缺血性卒中史患者的年龄较大(P =0.000),高血压患病率(P=0.000)、糖尿病患病率(P =0.005)和多支病变(P=0.000)比例较高.患者随访时间为(35.0±19.6)个月.与非缺血性卒中患者比较,有缺血性卒中史患者的心原性死亡(8.5％比3.9％,P =0.002)、再次脑梗死(5.8％比1.4％,P =0.000)的发生率较高,服用双联抗血小板时间差异无统计学意义[(13.77±11.33)个月比(13.94±11.33)个月,P=0.986],主要出血事件的发生率差异无统计学意义(5.8％比3.6％,P=0.100),而脑出血的发生率较高(1.8％比0.5％,P=0.028).结论 与非缺血性卒中患者比较,既往有缺血性卒中史的冠心病患者有更高的危险因素患病率,冠状动脉受累的部位更多,随访期间心原性死亡和再次脑梗死的发生率更高,在不减少双联抗血小板治疗时间的情况下脑出血的发生率更高.     

缺血性脑卒中后痴呆的发生率及临床决定因素

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中后痴呆的发生率及临床决定因素。方法选择缺血性脑卒中患者386例进行前瞻性研究,于脑卒中后7～10 d进行初次神经心理学评估,脑卒中后3个月再次对资料完整的309例患者进行全面神经心理评估及Hamilton抑郁等级量表分级,并根据309例患者是否合并痴呆分为痴呆组65例和非痴呆组244例,对缺血性脑卒中后痴呆的相关因素进行分析。结果缺血性脑卒中后痴呆发生率为21.04%。与非痴呆组比较,痴呆组年龄更高、体力劳动者更多、糖尿病、既往脑卒中史、颈内动脉中、重度狭窄和脑白质疏松症患者的比例更高(P0.05)。痴呆与年龄、职业、糖尿病、既往脑卒中史、颈内动脉中、重度狭窄、脑白质疏松症及脑卒中部位和严重程度显著相关。职业、颈内动脉中、重度狭窄和脑白质疏松症是缺血性脑卒中后痴呆的临床决定因素。结论缺血性脑卒中后痴呆的发生率高,职业、颈内动脉中、重度狭窄和脑白质疏松症可作为缺血性脑卒中后痴呆的预测因素,及早诊断,积极治疗脑卒中后痴呆意义重大。     

首发脑梗死后的存活与复发

卒中是当今导致死亡或致残的常见疾病之一。文中探讨了首发脑梗死后的生存与复发情况，以便为卒中的研究提供更多的信息。方法1111例首发脑梗死病人作为研究对象。其中女性649例（58％）。全组平均年龄74．5±13．0岁。911例因首次脑梗死住院。888例接受了颅脑CT或MRI抑或尸体解剖检查。结果随访结果表明，首次脑梗死后764例（68％）死亡。其中27．0％死于卒中，10．1％死于心肌梗死，7．9％死于充血性心力衰竭，6．3％死于无法解释的摔死，48．3％死于其它死因。首次脑梗死后第7天、第30天、1年和5年时的死亡危险率分别为7％±20．7呢、…     

老年人左室肥厚及慢性心房纤颤与新血栓栓塞性卒中发生率的关系

本研究旨在探讨老年人左室肥厚及CAF与新血栓栓塞性卒中(NTS)发生率的关系。对象为2384例老年人,其中男724例,女1660例,平均年龄81±9(60～103)岁。以M型和两维超声心动图诊断左室肥厚。左室质量指数男性>134g/m~2、女性>110g/m~2者诊断为左室肥厚。以12导联心电图诊断慢性心房纤颤(CAF)。由神经病学家诊断陈旧性血栓栓塞性卒中和NTS。97％的NTS经CT确诊。从研究开始随访至发生NTS或死亡,平均随访44±21(2～156)个月。随访期间510例(21％)发生NTS。2384例中CAF313例(13％)、左室肥厚1024例(43％),其中CAF210例(17％),无左室肥厚者中CAF占8％(P<0.0001)。有陈旧性血栓栓塞性卒中者689例(29％)。     

冠状动脉内支架置入术后期死亡原因分析

目的 :分析冠心病患者选择性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内支架置入术后期死亡的原因和危险因素。方法 :747例冠心病患者完成选择性冠脉内支架置入术 ,并得到随访。记录患者随访期内死亡情况。结果 :平均随访 (19 0± 7 8)个月 (6～ 42个月 )。随访期内 ,病死 43例 (5 8% ) ,其中心血管病死亡 2 7例 (3 6% ) :猝死 12例 ,心肌梗死 6例 ,心力衰竭 4例 ,卒中 2例 ,休克 1例 ,外科血运重建失败死亡 2例。多因素分析显示 ,年龄≥ 80岁〔风险比值 (OR) =3 0 5 ,95 %可信限 (95 %CI) 1 2 7～ 7 3 4,P =0 0 13 )、血清肌酐升高 (OR =2 79,95 %CI 1 44～ 5 40 ,P =0 0 0 2 )、糖尿病 (OR =2 91,95 %CI 1 48～ 5 71,P =0 0 0 2 )和心肌梗死 (OR =1 2 7,95 %CI 1 0 2～ 1 5 8,P =0 0 3 5 )为后期死亡的独立预测因素。结论 :猝死是选择性冠脉内支架置入术后期心血管死亡的主要原因 ,年龄≥ 80岁、肾功能不全、糖尿病和心肌梗死是后期死亡的独立预测因素。术前全面评价和术后积极治疗对改善这些患者的预后具有重要意义。     

血管性痴呆危险因素的研究

目的研究脑梗死后痴呆的危险因素。方法本研究纳入546例脑梗死急性期住院患者,完成随访434例,于住院期间和脑卒中3个月后进行神经心理测试,其中痴呆组118例,非痴呆组316例。运用t检验、χ2检验和logistic回归法分析血管性痴呆的发生率和危险因素。结果本研究中血管性痴呆的发生率为27.2%。单因素分析表明,血管性痴呆组的年龄比非痴呆组高8.5岁,在低教育水平(小学以下)、每日饮酒、脑卒中史等方面的比例显著高于非痴呆组。logistic回归分析表明,年龄、低教育水平、每日饮酒和脑卒中史与血管性痴呆相关。结论血管性痴呆是血管因素和退行性因素共同作用的结果,其中血管因素在血管性痴呆发病机制中起主导作用。年龄、低教育水平、每日饮酒和脑卒中史是血管性痴呆的危险因素。     

老年脑梗死后痴呆危险因素的临床研究

目的探讨老年脑梗死后痴呆的临床危险因素。方法选择于2002年10月~2004年10月入住天津港口医院的脑梗死患者共362例,其年龄≥60岁,男性192例,女性170例,包括其住院时及发病后2个月的病史、化验结果、神经病学、神经心理学等方面的临床资料,并进行统计学分析。结果入选362例患者中诊断为痴呆者102例(发生率为28.2%)。logistic回归分析显示高龄、低教育、脑卒中史、糖尿病、严重神经功能缺损、左半球脑梗死、前循环脑梗死等因素为脑梗死后痴呆的独立危险因素。结论老年脑梗死后约有1/4患者出现痴呆,其临床危险因素包括:梗死部位及严重程度、血管性危险因素(如糖尿病、脑卒中史)、患者的特征(如高龄、文化程度低)等。     

Risk of dementia in stroke-free patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation: data from a community-based cohort.

AIMS: To estimate the incidence of dementia after the first atrial fibrillation (AF), and its impact on survival in a community-based cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: Olmsted County, Minnesota adult residents diagnosed with first AF during 1986-2000 were identified, and followed until 2004. The primary outcome was new detection of dementia. Interim stroke was censored in the analyses. Of 2837 subjects (71 +/- 15 years old) diagnosed with first AF and without any evidence of cognitive dysfunction or stroke at the time of AF onset, 299 were diagnosed with dementia during a median follow-up of 4.6 years [interquartile (IQR) range 1.5-7.9 years], and 1638 died. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative rate of dementia was 2.7% at 1 year and 10.5% at 5 years. After adjustment for age and sex, dementia was strongly related to advancing age [hazard ratio (HR)/10 years, 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5-3.2], but did not vary with sex (P = 0.52). The occurrence of post-AF dementia was associated with significantly increased mortality risk (HR 2.9; 95% CI 2.5-3.3), even after adjustment for multiple comorbidities, and did not vary with age (P = 0.75) or sex (P = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Dementia appeared common following the diagnosis of first AF, and was associated with premature death.     

Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and risk of dementia: A population-based 7-year follow-up study in Taiwan

BackgroundDiabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, data on the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes are limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and the risk of developing dementia, ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage after disease diagnosis and the interrelationship between dementia and the stroke events.MethodData were collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The study cohort included 3717 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 37,170 age- and sex-matched comparison patients from the same period. All patients were tracked for 7 years following their index visit in 2000–2001.ResultAfter adjusting for potential confounders, dementia risk was approximately 63% higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33–1.99) among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients than among comparison subjects. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes also increased the risk of developing ischemic stroke but not intracranial hemorrhage. About 43.6% of diabetic patients who developed dementia also had ischemic stroke during the follow-up period, higher than the rate 29.6% in the comparison group.ConclusionThis study shows that newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is associated with a 63% higher future risk of dementia during the 7-year follow-up period. The high dementia and ischemic stroke overlap rate in the diabetic study group suggests vascular events play an important role in the pathogenesis of developing dementia.     

Relationship between Stroke and Mortality in Dialysis Patients

Background and objectives

Stroke is common in patients undergoing long-term dialysis, but the implications for mortality after stroke in these patients are not fully understood.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A large cohort of dually-eligible (Medicare and Medicaid) patients initiating dialysis from 2000 to 2005 and surviving the first 90 days was constructed. Medicare claims were used to ascertain ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes occurring after 90-day survival. A semi-Markov model with additive hazard extension was generated to estimate the association between stroke and mortality, to calculate years of life lost after a stroke, and to determine whether race was associated with differential survival after stroke.

Results

The cohort consisted of 69,371 individuals representing >112,000 person-years of follow-up. Mean age±SD was 60.8±15.5 years. There were 21.1 (99% confidence interval [99% CI], 20.0 to 22.3) ischemic strokes and 4.7 (99% CI, 4.2 to 5.3) hemorrhagic strokes after cohort entry per 1000 patient-years. At 30 days, mortality was 17.9% for ischemic stroke and 53.4% for hemorrhagic stroke. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) depended on time since entry into the cohort; for patients who experienced a stroke at 1 year after cohort entry, for example, the AHR of hemorrhagic stroke for mortality was 25.4 (99% CI, 22.4 to 28.4) at 1 week, 9.9 (99% CI, 8.4 to 11.6) at 3 months, 5.9 (99% CI, 5.0 to 7.0) at 6 months, and 1.8 (99% CI, 1.5 to 2.1) at 24 months. The corresponding AHRs for ischemic stroke were 11.7 (99% CI, 10.2 to 13.1) at 1 week, 6.6 (99% CI, 6.4 to 6.7) at 3 months, and 4.7 (99% CI, 4.5 to 4.9) at 6 months, remaining significantly >1.0 even at 48 months. Median months of life lost were 40.7 for hemorrhagic stroke and 34.6 for ischemic stroke. For both stroke types, mortality did not differ by race.

Conclusions

Dialysis recipients have high mortality after a stroke with corresponding decrements in remaining years of life. Poststroke mortality does not differ by race.     

Restoration of intestinal continuity after colectomy for non-occlusive ischemic colitis

Background

Non-occlusive ischemic colitis (IC) is a rare and life-threatening abdominal disease associated with high rates of postoperative mortality. When surgery is performed, in patients with IC, either a Hartmann’s procedure (HP) or a total colectomy and ileostomy is required. The possibility of restoration of intestinal continuity in surviving patients is an important issue. The aim of the present study was to report the outcome of surgically managed IC patients and to identify predictive factors for restoration of intestinal continuity and to assess the results of this procedure.

Methods

Between January 1997 and May 2011, 96 IC patients underwent total colectomy and 68 underwent left colectomy. IC was spontaneous in 62 patients and occurred after prior surgery in 102. Eighty patients died during the postoperative period and nine died during the follow-up from an unrelated disease. Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 60 surviving patients were our study population.

Results

There were 44 men and 16 women with a mean age of 67 years ± 12 SD. Restoration of bowel continuity was performed in 24 patients (40 %). There were no predictive factors for restoration of intestinal continuity in terms of sex, age, IC etiology, and the extent of colon resection at primary surgery. The median interval between first surgery and restoration of bowel continuity was 7.9 months (range 0.2–35 months). There were no postoperative deaths and the overall morbidity rate was 45 % (11/24). No patients developed anastomotic leak or underwent unplanned reoperation.

Conclusions

Reversal of HP after IC is feasible in 40 % of surviving patients with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates. This restoration of intestinal continuity should therefore be discussed for every surviving IC patient.     

Functional outcomes of COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke: A prospective,observational, single-center study in North Jordan

We assessed whether stroke severity, functional outcome, and mortality in patients with ischemic stroke differed between patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and those without.We conducted a prospective, single-center cohort study in Irbid, North Jordan. All patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection were consecutively recruited from October 15, 2020, to October 16, 2021. We recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, stroke subtype according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment Criteria (TOAST), treatments at admission, and laboratory variables for all patients. The primary endpoint was the functional outcome at 3 months assessed using the modified Rankin Score. Secondary outcomes involved in-hospital mortality and mortality at 3 months.We included 178 patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 67.3 (12), and more than half of the cases were males (96/178; 53.9%). Thirty-six cases were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related and had a mean (standard deviation) age of 70 (11.5). When compared with COVID-19-negative patients, COVID-19-positive patients were more likely to have a higher median NIHSS score at baseline (6 vs 11; P = .043), after 72 hours (6 vs 12; P = .006), and at discharge (4 vs 16; P < .001). They were also more likely to have a higher median modified Rankin Score after 3 months of follow-up (P < .001). NIHSS score at admission (odds ratio = 1.387, 95% confidence interval = 1.238–1.553]; P < .001) predicted having an unfavorable outcome after 3 months. On the other hand, having a concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection did not significantly impact the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes (odds ratio = 1.098, 95% confidence interval = 0.270–4.473; P = .896).The finding conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to an increase in both stroke severity and in-hospital mortality but had no significant impact on the likelihood of developing unfavorable outcomes.     

Long-Term Follow-Up After Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Cryptogenic Embolism

Background

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is the gold standard for treating patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO. However, scarce data exist on the long-term outcomes following PFO closure.

老年人脑卒中后痴呆危险因素分析

目的　探讨老年人脑卒中后痴呆的危险因素。方法　对 2 5 8例资料完整的老年脑卒中患者进行了 3个月随访评价 ,包括临床神经学和神经心理学测试 ,对研究资料先进行单因素分析 ,然后进行多因素非条件Lo gistic回归模型分析。 结果　脑卒中后痴呆发生率为 32 2 %。经分析筛选出多灶病变、左侧及双侧病变、脑萎缩、年龄、高血压、以往脑血管病病史、大面积出血或梗死 8个因素为脑卒中后痴呆危险因素。结论　老年人脑卒中后痴呆由多种因素决定 ,它不仅与病灶部位、数目、大小及发病次数有关 ,亦与脑卒中患者基础脑功能状态有关。