宽鼻背缩窄截骨术临床应用探讨

目的:总结运用内外侧联合截骨术治疗鼻背宽大畸形的经验.方法:经鼻小柱旁入路行鼻骨内侧截骨术,经鼻内梨状孔处黏膜切口或口内上齿龈沟切口,沿鼻颌沟行外侧截骨术,内、外侧联合截骨治疗鼻背宽大畸形.结果:本组24例患者,术后随访2个月～10个月,效果满意,鼻外形恢复良好.结论:内外侧联合鼻骨截骨能有效地矫正鼻背宽大畸形,获得满意的治疗效果.     

鼻背缩窄截骨术与三维重建骨性鼻泪管的解剖结构关系

目的 应用64排螺旋CT三维重建技术观察骨性鼻泪管的解剖特征,为临床安全操作鼻背缩窄截骨术提供参考和理论基础.方法 应用螺旋CT对40例正常成人行头部容积扫描,头颅及骨性鼻泪管三维重建,测量鼻泪管相关解剖学数据,观察鼻泪管与周围结构的关系,分析截骨可能损伤鼻泪管的部位.结果 测量骨性鼻泪管长为(11.49±1.55)mm;泪管到鼻颌沟的距离:顶部(3.51±1.22)mm,中部(4.95±1.55)mm,底部(5.50±1.80)mm;鼻泪管内壁厚度(1.17±0.53)mm;鼻面角度126.08°±9.45°;鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面投影的夹角8.28°±0.73°;水平切面夹角73.79°±3.95°;冠状切面夹角12.12°±1.25°.结论 螺旋CT三维重建技术是测量成人鼻泪管解剖学数据的一种有效方法,所得解剖学数据对安全操作鼻背缩窄截骨术有重要的指导作用.     

下颌角截骨术的应用解剖研究进展

下颌骨及其相邻组织的形态、结构解剖对开展颅颌面外科，及整形美容手术非常重要。现对与下颌角截骨术相关的下颌骨的结构、下颌角的形态及与之毗邻的软组织的应用解剖研究进展概述如下。     

宽鼻背畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨宽鼻背畸形的有效整复方法.方法 采用单纯性鼻内外侧截骨术及联合骨峰去除术、楔形骨去除术、鼻骨及上颌骨额突磨削术、部分皮下组织去除术、Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期隆鼻术等综合技术,对临床58例宽鼻背畸形的患者进行手术治疗.结果 58例患者术后Ⅰ期愈合.术后鼻背宽度较术前缩窄9～15 mm,鼻背侧面与颊部平面形成的角度较术前减少10°～20°,鼻梁挺拔.16例患者获随访6个月至1年,患者鼻外形均得到明显改善.结论 在手术整复鼻背过宽时,应结合每个病例的解剖学成因,大多数病例单纯采用鼻内外侧联合截骨术,即可以达到理想效果,但有些病例须辅助其他手术方法,才能达到理想效果.     

鼻背宽度的美学分析及宽鼻畸形的截骨治疗

<正>鼻的外形对良好的容貌有举足轻重的作用,无论男女都梦想拥有挺拔俊秀的鼻子。而我们通过临床观察发现,并不是所有的患者在接受了隆鼻手术之后都能得到满意的效果。究其原因,只是增加了鼻背的高度却忽视了鼻背的宽度。过宽的鼻背会使人显得慵懒、拖沓、不精神,而宽度适中的鼻背则显得俊朗清秀。鉴于此,笔者就鼻背宽度相关美学及宽鼻背截骨矫正作此综述。1宽鼻畸形的解剖基础鼻背主要分为上方的骨性鼻背和下方的软骨性     

胫骨高位截骨术的远期疗效

目的：了解胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节骨关节炎并内翻畸形的远期效果，方法；自１９８５年５月～１９９５年５月施行胫骨高位截骨术６７例（８７膝），其中３８例（４９膝）获得平均５年４个月的随诊。对其疗效进行评价，结果：术后１～５年组优良率为８７．６％，５年以上组优良率为７２％，结论：胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节炎并内翻畸形是有效的，它可延缓或免除关节置换术，手术确切重建及术后保持下肢正常力线是提高远期疗效的重要     

改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术治疗足母中重度外翻的临床分析

目的 探究改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术治疗中重度足母外翻的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年1月我院收治的50例中重度足母外翻病人的临床资料,依据手术治疗方式的不同将其分为改良Chevron截骨治疗组（20例,36病足）和联合手术治疗组（30例,50病足,改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术）。应用美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评价患足功能,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评估两组病人患足疼痛情况,测量两组病人手术前后的足母外翻角（hallux valgus angle, HVA）和第1、2跖骨间角（inter-metatarsus angle, IMA）评价手术效果。结果 联合手术治疗组病人的术中出血量为（33.75±5.27） ml,手术时间为（55.14±12.89） min,均高于改良Chevron截骨治疗组［（12.88±4.75） ml,（27.67±10.12） min］,差异均有统计学意义（t=3.293,P=0.018;t=4.293,P=0.012）。联合手术治疗组术后1周、1个月、1年的VAS评分［（3.24±0.98）分、（2.17±0.45）分、（1.31±0.12）分］均优于改良Chevron截骨治疗组［（3.42±0.74）分、（2.57±0.36）分、（1.88±0.45）分］,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.267,P=0.028;t=2.991,P=0.017;t=2.542,P=0.021）。两组病人术后的HVA、IMA、AOFAS评分、满意度评分、AOFAS优良率比较,联合手术治疗组［12.67°±2.13°、8.31°±1.02°、（81.21±9.24）分、（91.67±4.12）分、88.8%］优于Chevron截骨治疗组［10.42°±3.52°、7.59°±1.33°、（62.22±6.42）分、（75.32±5.91）分、60.00%］,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.742,P=0.037;t=2.984,P=0.029;t=3.342,P=0.012;t=3.943,P=0.007;χ²=7.274,P=0.032）。结论 改良Chevron截骨术联合Akin截骨术治疗中重度足母外翻具有更好的术后效果,值得进一步推广应用。     

胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的研究进展

胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎,通过恢复肢体力线,使膝关节内外侧间室受力重新分布,减少内侧间室受力,促进内侧关节软骨自然修复,缓解膝关节疼痛,恢复功能。但需严格选择手术指针,行外侧闭合或内侧开放楔形截骨术,采用钢板内固定或环形外固定架矫形,根据患者的个体化特征选择矫正角度,避免下肢力线的过度矫正,保持正常胫骨后倾角,可达到临床满意效果。该文就HTO治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的相关研究进展做一综述,为临床实施手术治疗提供参考。     

对“脊柱截骨术”一词的商榷

读了《中国脊柱脊髓杂志》1991第1期20页姜洪和医师发表的《多节段全脊椎截骨术矫正脊柱后凸畸形》[1]一文之后收益甚大,但对其所用之“全脊柱截骨术”一词有不同的见解,特提出与同道商榷。 自1945年Smith-Petersen[2]对强直性脊柱炎所致脊柱后凸畸形采用脊柱截骨术(spinalosteotomy)的治疗方法以来,在很长一段时期内把单纯的椎板截骨矫正强直性脊柱后凸圆背畸形称之谓“脊柱截骨术(spinal osteotomy)”。由于近10年来脊柱外科学的不断发展,脊柱截骨术也产生了新的分类方法,在解剖上大体分为椎弓截骨术、椎体截骨术和椎弓椎体联合截骨术。…     

Management of the wide nasal dorsum

The literature is replete with discussions outlining surgical techniques for managing nasal tip deformities. In contrast, articles devoted to specific dorsal nasal abnormalities are rare. Surgical management of the nasal dorsum has traditionally been relegated to either augmentation or reduction followed by osteotomy. Contemporary rhinoplasty demands attention to the creation of an ideal profile line, which may require dorsal reduction in some areas and augmentation in others. Treatment of the patient with an appropriate projection of the profile but with a wide nasal dorsum presents a special challenge: to narrow the nasal bridge without altering its projection. We discuss several surgical techniques to narrow the nasal dorsum, while maintaining dorsal height. Selected cases are presented to illustrate these techniques and to clarify surgical options.     

Middle-vault narrowing in the wide nasal dorsum: the "Reverse Spreader" technique

The middle vault is a transition zone between the nasal tip and nasal bones and plays an important role in profile, tip projection, tip rotation, and tip support. This report presents an alternative to conventional techniques specific to the middle nasal vault for a patient population with particular nasal features. A narrow middle vault with internal nasal valve collapse is functionally and aesthetically addressed by the insertion of spreader grafts. However, the inverse of this situation is sometimes encountered. A patient with a broad middle vault and without internal nasal valve collapse will benefit from reduction of the horizontal width of the cartilaginous dorsum, which is in effect the reverse of spreader grafts. This effect is achieved by excising a vertical wedge-shaped strip of cartilage that follows the length of the upper lateral cartilage at the junction of the upper lateral cartilage and the dorsal nasal septum.     

Management of the nasal dorsum

Profile alignment, including nasal dorsal reduction, is one of the most common maneuvers in aesthetic rhinoplasty. Techniques often include cartilaginous excision and bony hump reduction with a chisel or a rasp. Cartilaginous nasal vault excision can result in separation of the junction between the upper lateral cartilages and the dorsal septum. This separation can cause an inferior-medial repositioning of the upper lateral cartilages and overall weakening of middle vault infrastructure. Furthermore, surgical interruption of this key region can also damage the internal nasal valve configuration and function and create static and dynamic airway obstruction. This article outlines the anatomy and function of the middle nasal vault and internal nasal valve. In addition, it provides an overview of aesthetic complications of dorsal hump removal including inverted-V deformity, saddle nose deformity, hourglass deformity, and their functional consequences. Preoperative individual risk factors for middle-third deformities are mentioned. Preventive and corrective surgical techniques including cartilage grafting and reconstructive sutures are also detailed.     

Narrowing of the wide nasal dorsum in the ‘minimal-hump’ nose: A simplified universal approach

The operative procedure frequently used to narrow the nasal pyramid in the context of a regular rhinoplasty is well known to all rhinoplastic surgeons. It consists of hump removal, followed by lateral osteotomies and medialization of the nasal bones. However, narrowing of a wide nasal pyramid, in the absence of an appreciable dorsal hump, as in the case of an ideal dorsal height or a mild hump, presents a different challenge.The present article describes a simplified approach to the ‘nasal plateau resection’, a technique that allows the creation of an open nasal roof, without hump removal and without compromising dorsal projection. This permits the medialization of the lateral nasal bones and the subsequent narrowing of the wide pyramid, while preserving the height of the nasal dorsum as viewed in profile.