复方红景天防治胸部手术后急性肺损伤的前瞻性研究

目的 :探索高原地区胸部手术后急性肺损伤的发病趋势和早期防治效果。方法 :选择拟行食管癌切除术 36例 ,随机分为对照组 (CG ,n =2 0 )和防治组 (TG ,n =16 )。CG术前常规处理 ,TG加服复方红景天 (RCO ,3.2g·d 1) ,平均 ( 8.5± 1.3)d。两组均进行术前、后动脉血气、生化全项等 33项多脏器功能指标检查 ,比较两组指标参数的变化。结果 :术前两组PaO2 /FiO2 均介于 2 80～ 370mmHg之间 ,两组相比P >0 .0 5。术后第 1、3、5天CGPaO2 /FiO2 依次为 15 1.97,16 2 .6 2 ,2 0 8.90mmHg ,TGPaO2 /FiO2依次为 16 2 .38,182 .4 5 ,2 5 1.36mmHg,与术前相比均P <0 .0 1;术后第 5天CG与TGAaDO2 相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。术后所有病人均可诱发SIRS、ALI,大部可达到ARDS的血气标准。CG术后合并ARDS1例治愈 ,MODS1例术后第 10天死亡 ,全组死亡率为 2 .8%。结论 :目前通用的国内外ARDS/MODS诊断标准不适用于中度高原以上地区 ;早期应用RCO对预防胸部手术后急性肺损伤效果显著。     

成人呼吸窘迫综合征研究进展

1 一种新的概念模式.在讨论成人呼吸窘迫综合征时不可能不涉及到急性肺损伤(Acute Lung Injure,ALI),全身炎症反应综合征(Systemic Inflammatory Response Syn-drome,SIRS)多器官功能障碍综合征(Multiple Or-gan Dysfunctlon Syndrome,MODS)等一连串词义,而这些词义本身已经比较准确地修正了昔日贯用的ARDS/MSOF那种几乎静止地观察和处理疾病的概念.因此从ALI→ARDS→SIRS→MODS,是把ARDS/MSOF动态化了的认识过程,而不是仅限在     

急性脊髓损伤全身性炎症反应与ARDS及MODS

目的提高对急性脊髓损伤患者全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的认识,了解全身性炎症反应综合征与ARDS干MODS关系。方法分析115例急性脊髓损伤SIRS患者的临床资料,入选病例至少符合2个SIRS标准,围手术期ARDS和MODS则符合相应标准。另100例急性脊髓损伤但无全身性炎症反应综合症患者临床资料作为对照。结果符合SIRS急忡脊髓损伤患者115例,符合2项指标者35例(30．43％),符合3项指标者55例(47．83％),符合4项指标者25例(21．73％),115例SIRS患者中,发生ARDS 45例(39．13％),MODS 35例(30．43％),死亡15例(13．04％)。结论SIRS是临床重要的参考指标,它对患者围下术期的治疗有重要价值。     

全身炎症反应综合征与急性高原病反应综合征一体化评分分级标准(草案)

全身炎症反应综合征（Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome,SIRS）是一组多病因、非特异性急性进行性综合症候群,包含较多异名同义词,如严重创伤、感染、脓毒症、败血症、脓毒性休克等,定义含糊、界限模糊,全身炎症反应、急性肺损伤（ALI）是SIRS早期,急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）是病情发展恶化的濒危阶段;     

创伤性急性肺损伤后高迁移率族蛋白B1的临床相关性研究

目的 研究创伤性急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)后血清高迁移率蛋白-1(high mobility group box 1 protein,HMGB -1)的水平变化,探讨其与MODS、急性生理学与慢性健康状况Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation,APACHEⅡ)评分的相关性,以及其对MODS发生率和死亡率的预警作用. 方法 测定10例正常人与40例ALI患者伤后第1,4,7天的血清HMGB -1水平.根据MODS的诊断标准,将损伤组分为两组:MODS组13例,非MODS组27例.同时评定其MODS、APACHEⅡ分值. 结果 组间比较:非MODS组第1,4,7天HMGB -1水平的表达均高于MODS组(P＜0.05);非MODS组HMGB -1水平的表达高于正常对照组,但低于MODS组.组内比较:非MODS组第4天HMGB -1水平的表达明显高于第1天(P＜0.01),第7天较第4天明显降低(P＜0.01),甚至低于第1天.MODS组血清HMGB -1水平的表达显著升高,并延续数天,第7天较第4天有所降低,但仍高于第1天.伤后第1,4,7天MODS评分随HMGB -1水平的动态变化差异明显.伤后第1,4,7天APACHEⅡ评分比较,差异明显.相关性分析显示,HMGB -1水平的表达与MODS评分、APACHEⅡ评分显著相关. 结论 (1)HMGB -1在ALI患者中呈高表达,其作为晚期炎症介质参与炎性反应往往升高较晚,且持续时间较长.(2)HMGB -1水平变化与并发MODS密切相关.(3)常规检测血清HMGB -1水平并联合评定MODS、APACHEⅡ评分有助于对创伤后脏器功能不全的预测.     

高海拔地区严重烧伤延迟复苏合并多脏器功能障碍临床研究

目的 :探讨高海拔地区严重烧伤延迟复苏与即时复苏合并多脏器功能障碍综合征 (MODS)发病特征、机率和结局的关系。方法 :参照国内外MODS两个诊断评分标准 ,对本院近 10年符合重度烧伤标准病例 (年龄 >9岁 ) ,分为即时复苏组 (A组 ,n =30 )和延迟复苏组 (B组 ,n =35 ) ,对比观察两组发生SIRS ,MODS ,MOF的机率。结果 :全组 6 5例 ,均满足SIRS 4项标准中的 2项。A组满足 3项和 4项分别为 11例、1例 ;B组分别为 18例、12例 ,两组差异显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;A组MODS ,MOF的发生率和死亡率分别为 33.33%、13.3%、14 .2 9% ,B组分别为 78.0 6 %、34.2 8%、36 .77%。结论 :①高海拔地区严重烧伤SIRS反应 ,具有较高的敏感性和较低的特异性的特点 ;②高海拔地区严重烧伤合并MODS的结局重于平原地区 ;③延迟复苏组的SIRS、MODS、MOF发生率明显高于即时复苏组。     

创伤和腹部手术后全身炎性反应综合征的转归

本文分析了全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)在创伤和腹部手术后危重病人中的发生率和转归。住ICU期间,168例患者中有153例(91％)至少1天符合SIRS诊断标准;全组病人住ICU总日数1796天,其中1382天(77％)符合SIRS。符合SIRS三项以上诊断标准的日数与住ICU总日数的比值依以下顺序逐渐增高:单纯SIRS,全身性感染,严重全身性感染,感染性休克,多脏器功能不全综合征(MODS)存活者,MODS死亡者。结果表明,SIRS的严重程度和持续时间,与患者预后密切相关。     

高原地区ARDS／MODS诊断标准在西宁地区的临床应用体会

目的：探讨高原地区急性呼吸窘迫综合征／多脏器功能障碍综合征（H-ARDS／MODS）诊断标准在西宁地区的临床应用。方法：收集了1993年—2008年的39例符合H—ARDS／MODS病例,按建立诊断标准时间分为建标前组（A组,1993年1月—2000年12月,n=17）及建标后组（B组,2001年1月—2008年12月,n=22）。在原发病因、病情基础、APACHE评分大体均衡的前提下,对两组进行初步对比研究。结果：B组的上机时间早于A组,带机时间短于A组,死亡率低于A组。结论：依照H—ARDS／MODS诊断标准,早期给予各脏器功能的支持及保护,可能改善H—ARDS／MODS的结局。     

抗炎灵对重度烧伤后全身炎症反应综合征和多器官功能不全综合征的作用

目的探讨抗炎灵在防治重度烧伤后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)和多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)中的作用机制。方法重度烧伤患者36例,随机分为抗炎灵组和对照组,每组18例;抗炎灵组加用抗炎灵汤剂,其他治疗与对照组相同;分别观察烧伤后SIRS和MODS的发生率,检测第1、3、7、10、14天血清中LPS、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的含量。结果对照组SIRS和MODS发生率明显高于抗炎灵组(P<0.05),两组血清中LPS、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8含量均高于正常值,第1天两组间无统计学意义(P>0.05),第3天以后抗炎灵组上述各指标均有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论抗炎灵通过降低血清中LPS、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的含量,抑制炎症介质的释放,减轻炎症反应,从而有效防治烧伤后SIRS和MODS的发生。     

高原地区ARDS／MODS早期诊断治疗的经验体会

目的：探讨高原地区ARDS／MODS（H-ARDS／MODS）的早期诊断和治疗。方法：将过去14年入住我院ICU的170例H-ARDS／MODS病例按建立诊断标准的时间分为建标前组（A组，1994-01～1999-12，n=85）、建标后组（B组，2000-01～2007-12，n=85）。两组均按H-ARDS／MODS标准对比分析多器官功能指标的变化及其对结局的影响。结果：两组在原发病因、年龄、病情基础、APACHE评分大体均衡条件下，A组发病至入ICU时间、上机时间明显晚于B组（P〈0．01）。A组多脏器损伤评分为13．6分，死亡27例，病死率为31．8％；B组多脏器损伤评分为11．9分；死亡14例，病死率为16．5％。结论：以H-MODS评分诊断为依据，准确把握早期诊断治疗的切入点进行早期机械通气是降低病死率的关键。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.