膳食脂肪对高血压人群血脂水平的影响

目的 探讨改善膳食脂肪摄入情况对血脂的影响。方法 对营养健康教育前后高血压患者的膳食脂肪摄入情况及血脂水平进行测定分析。结果 基线调查表明人群膳食脂肪及胆固醇摄入量过高,脂肪供能比占总热能的30％以上;血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL－L）水平偏高。相关分析表明,体质指数（BMI）和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）与血清TC、TG、LDL－C呈正相关;高密度脂蛋白（HDL－C）／TC与BMI、SFA呈负相关,而与单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）呈正相关。进行社区营养干预后,干预组脂肪供能比小于总热能的30％,与对照组相比及自身干预前后比较差异均有显著性,胆固醇摄入量有下降趋势;干预组人群血脂TC、LDL－C水平显著降低。结论 研究结果提示减少膳食脂肪和胆固醇摄入量,适当增加单不饱和脂肪酸摄入对高血压人群降低血脂水平,控制血压是有效的。     

利用面板数据模型研究血脂对血压的影响

目的 利用面板数据模型,探讨血脂四项指标对血压的影响。 方法 收集社区居民连续5年的血脂、血压及身高、体重、腰围等体检数据,建立以血压为因变量,以血脂四项指标为自变量,以BMI和腰围为控制变量的面板数据模型,分析血脂水平变化对血压的影响。 结果 单因素模型中,影响收缩压的有甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白;影响舒张压的有总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白。多因素模型中,影响收缩压的有高密度脂蛋白与低密度脂蛋白,影响舒张压的是低密度脂蛋白与甘油三酯,总胆固醇未能进入两个方程。 结论 血脂四项中,总胆固醇不能影响血压,甘油三酯增高会导致舒张压上升,高密度脂蛋白增高会降低收缩压,低密度脂蛋白增高会导致收缩压与舒张压的上升。居民膳食指南中,对于胆固醇的摄入,作出不再受限制的简单的建议是不够的,应该综合当前的研究结果,对脂肪的摄入提出更精准的推荐。     

抗阻训练对肥胖儿童身体成分血脂及血清瘦素的影响

了解8周抗阻训练对肥胖儿童身体成分、血脂及血清瘦素的影响,为改善肥胖儿童的健康水平以及寻求更好的减肥方法提供理论依据.方法 根据WHO推荐的身高标准体重法,选取晋中市18名肥胖儿童(男、女各9名)进行8周抗阻训练,然后对运动前后身体成分[体重、体质量指数(BMI)、肌肉量及躯干肌肉量、身体脂肪量、身体各部位脂肪量及身体脂肪比率]、血脂[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)]及血清瘦素水平进行比较.结果 肥胖儿童抗阻训练后血清瘦素、TG、LDL水平均下降(P值均<0.05),HDL水平上升(P<0.01);男性肥胖儿童抗阻训练后体重,BMI,身体脂肪量,左右上肢及躯干脂肪量均下降(P值均<0.05),肌肉量及躯干肌肉量均增加(P值均<0.05);女性肥胖儿童抗阻训练后BMI,身体脂肪量,右下肢、右上肢及躯干脂肪量均下降(P值均<0.05),肌肉量及躯干肌肉量增加(P值均<0.01).结论 8周抗阻训练可以降低肥胖儿童BMI、身体脂肪量和血清瘦素水平,增加肌肉质量,改善血脂紊乱.     

Association of surrogate and direct measures of adiposity with risk of metabolic syndrome in rural Chinese women

Background

Most studies linking obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) have used body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to measure obesity. While BMI is correlated with direct measures of total and central adiposity, it is influenced by lean body and bone mass. We hypothesize that direct measures of adiposity may help develop further insight into the link between obesity and MS, thus more accurately identifying individuals at high risk for MS.

Aim of the study

We examined how surrogate and direct measures of adiposity were associated with MS risk and if direct adiposity measures enhanced BMI and WC identification of MS risk.

Methods

3,734 Chinese female twins aged 20–39 years were studied. Percent body fat (%BF) and proportion of trunk fat to total BF (%TF) were assessed by DEXA. Graphic plots and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations of adiposity measures with MS and its components. Concordance of adiposity measures and MS abnormalities between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were compared.

Results

The prevalence of MS increased for high BMI (≥23 kg/m²), %BF (≥32), WC (≥80 cm), and (to a lesser degree) %TF (≥50). Below those thresholds, the prevalence of MS was low (0–5.3%). %TF was independently associated with higher risk of MS and its components even after adjusting for BMI and WC. As a result, among women with normal BMI and WC, high %TF was associated with 1.3–2.0-fold elevated risk of MS components. In contrast, women with high BMI but normal WC and %TF neither have significantly increased risk of MS, nor for any component other than high BP. MZ twins showed higher concordance for MS and its components than DZ twins.

Conclusions

In this lean Chinese rural female sample, BMI ≥ 23 and WC ≥ 80 were associated with a markedly increased risk of MS, which was further enhanced by elevated %TF. Even in women with a normal BMI and WC, %TF was independently associated with MS and its components. Twin analysis findings suggest that adiposity measurements and MS risk are influenced by genetics.     

北京市区儿童营养状况与血脂谱水平相关性分析

目的 :　了解儿童营养状况与血脂谱水平的相关性。方法 :　对北京市朝阳区 3 1 6名7～ 1 1岁儿童进行血脂谱水平检测、膳食调查及体格检测。结果 :　儿童脂肪供能比为 3 6.2 1 % ,超出标准上限 (2 5 %～ 3 0 % ) ,60 .1 %儿童每日胆固醇摄入量≥ 3 0 0 mg;儿童每日胆固醇摄入量与TC、apo B水平呈正相关 ,糖类供能比与 HDL-C水平正相关 ;高胆固醇摄入组儿童 TC、LDL-C、apoAI水平大于低胆固醇组 ;超重 /肥胖儿童 TC、TG、LDL-C、apo B、Lp(a)水平高于体重正常组及体重不足组 ,并随肥胖程度的增加而增加 ;男童腰臀围比与 TC、TG、LDL-C、apo B水平正相关 ,与HDL-C负相关。结论 :　超重 /肥胖 (尤其向心性肥胖 )、不合理膳食与儿童血脂异常关系密切 ,可以作为早期诊断血脂异常高危儿童的指标     

High density lipoprotein cholesterol in relation to food consumption and running distance

The effects of diet and exercise on serum triglycerides (Trig), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and the HDL to TC ratio (HDL/TC) were evaluated in 45 men training continuously for a duration of 6 months. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, and serum values for Trig, TC, HDL, and HDL/TC were constant throughout the observation period. Bivariate correlations indicated that Trig, TC, and LDL were linearly related and HDL and HDL/TC were related inversely to age, BMI, and percentage body fat, respectively. Distance run per month was linearly related to age, BMI, percentage body fat, Trig, TC, and LDL and inversely related to HDL and HDL/TC. Multiple regression analysis suggested that BMI was the best predictor of Trig, TC, and LDL, while distance run per month was the best predictor of HDL and HDL/TC and second best predictor of Trig. The weekly intakes of fish, bread, cooked cereal, wine, beer, soft drinks, and vegetables were less significant predictors of lipoprotein levels.     

北京市城区9～10岁儿童肥胖相关指标与血脂水平关系的探讨

目的分析北京市城区儿童体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分含量及腰围与血脂谱的关系。方法采用随机整群抽样法抽取852名北京市城区9～10岁学生，血脂使用自动生化分析仪进行测定。Fisher确切概率法，有序资料的趋势性检验及中位数回归等统计学方法，分析了其中847份有效样本。结果随BMI、体脂百分含量和腰围的增加，总三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）有升高的趋势，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）有降低的趋势，组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。TG主要受腰围（t=686）、性别（t=3．96）、体脂百分含量（t=1．85）影响；TC受体脂百分含量（t=5．31）影响；LDL—C受腰围（t=4．65）、身高（t=-2．79）、体脂百分含量（t=2．77）影响；HDL-C主要受腰围（t=-12．24）、性别（t=-5.83）影响。结论随着肥胖程度的增加，儿童血脂水平上升，且腰围对血脂水平的预测能力最强。     

双生子的血清脂质和脂蛋白遗传度及影响因素分析

目的　分析儿童、青少年的血脂指标遗传度及影响因素。方法　选择 5～ 19岁双生子2 36对 ,平均年龄 (11 2± 3 4 )岁 ,其中同卵双生子 14 3对 ,异卵双生子 93对。在DNA卵性鉴定基础上 ,以组内相关系数法及Falconer公式计算调整年龄性别前后的遗传度 ,偏态数据进行对数转换 ;校正年龄性别 ,分析相关体格、生化指标对血脂的影响。结果　同卵与异卵双生子间甘油三酯对内方差及相关系数的差异均无显著性 ;总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和脂蛋白 (a)对内方差及相关系数的差异有显著性 ,遗传度估计值分别为 0 5 6、0 5 5、0 4 9和 0 5 8,调整年龄性别后各指标估计遗传度分别为 0 6 3、0 6 3、0 5 5和 0 6 4。总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C和脂蛋白(a)与年龄呈负相关 ;女孩的总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C稍高于男孩。校正年龄性别后除脂蛋白 (a)外各血脂指标多数与体重指数、体脂率及培利迪西指数相关 ,与血压、血糖和血钙等也有相关性。结论　总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C和脂蛋白 (a)受遗传因素影响较大 ,而甘油三酯主要受环境因素影响。儿童的血脂水平受年龄和性别的影响 ,与反映体脂和机体营养发育的指标相关。     

Relationship of coffee consumption with serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of instant coffee and brewed coffee with serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men. METHODS: Study subjects were 4587 male self-defense officials aged 48-56 years who had a preretirement health examination at one of the three hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces from October 1986 to December 1992. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained lifestyle characteristics including consumption of a limited number of foods and beverages by all of the men. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated from the values of TC, TG, and HDL cholesterol. RESULTS: While the consumption of brewed coffee was unrelated to any parameter of serum lipids and lipoproteins, instant coffee consumption showed a highly significant positive association with serum LDL cholesterol levels and an inverse association with serum TG levels. After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, green tea consumption, rank, and hospital, for each cup of instant coffee per day, LDL cholesterol levels were 0.82 mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-1.35) higher, and TG levels in a natural log-scale were 0.014 mg/dl (95% CI 0.006-0.022) lower. There was also a tendency for a positive association between instant coffee intake and serum TC levels (trend p = 0.09). HDL cholesterol levels were unrelated to instant coffee consumption. These associations did not change after additional adjustment for selected foods and beverages associated with serum lipids and lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that instant coffee, not brewed coffee, may be associated with raised levels of serum LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of serum TG.     

Comparison of anthropometric, metabolic and dietary fatty acids profiles in lean and obese dyslipidaemic Asian Indian male subjects

OBJECTIVES: To compare obesity measures, metabolic profiles and dietary fatty acids in lean and obese dyslipideamic Asian Indian male subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTINGS: Asian Indians living in the eastern part of India.Subjects:One hundred and thirty (Group I: lean control, n=50; Group II: lean dyslipidaemic, n=40 and Group III: obese dyslipidaemic, n=40) Asian Indian male subjects (> or =30 years) living in the eastern part of India. METHODS: Anthropometric measures namely height, weight, circumferences of waist (WC) and hip, lipids (total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)), lipoproteins (high- (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and dietary fatty acids were obtained from each participant. Obesity measures, that is, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and conicity index (CI) were subsequently calculated from anthropometric measures. Obesity was defined as individuals having BMI> or =25 kg/m(2). Subjects with one or more of the following conditions were considered as dyslipidaemic: TG> or =2.3 mmol/l, TC> or =6.2 mmol/l, or TC/HDL> or =4.4 mmol/l. Daily intake of nutrients as well as saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were estimated by adding together all the foodstuffs consumed on weekly and monthly manner. Conversion of foodstuffs into nutrients was performed according to standard nutritive values of Indian foodstuffs. RESULTS: Analysis of variance with Scheffe's post hoc test revealed that Group I had significantly lower mean compared to both Group II and Group III for age, WC, WHR, CI, TC, TG, LDL, FPG, total carbohydrates intake and intake of trans fatty acids. On the other hand, Group I had significantly lower mean than Group III only for BMI as well as intake of total proteins, total fats, total energy and erucic acids. Although, Group I had significantly greater mean compared to both Group II and Group III for HDL, UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA. Pearson's partial correlations (controlling for age and total energy) revealed that central obesity measures (WC, WHR and CI) had significant association with dietary fatty acids and their ratios. Furthermore, partial correlations (controlling for age) also showed that the ratios of unsaturated to SFA had significant negative association with lipids, lipoproteins (except HDL) and plasma glucose. Discriminant function analysis revealed that overall 78% of all entries were positively (correctly) classified in three groups using fatty acids and their ratios. CONCLUSION: It seems rational to argue that while dealing with dyslipidaemic Asian Indians, clinicians should consider obesity measures, metabolic profiles and dietary fatty acids simultaneously to better comprehend the condition (s).     

Effects of obesity and body fat distribution on lipids and lipoproteins in nondiabetic American Indians: The Strong Heart Study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between obesity and lipoprotein profiles and compare the effects of total obesity and central adiposity on lipids/lipoproteins in American Indians. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants were 773 nondiabetic American Indian women and 739 men aged 45 to 74 years participating in the Strong Heart Study. Total obesity was estimated using body mass index (BMI). Central obesity was measured as waist circumference. Lipoprotein measures included triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Partial and canonical correlation analyses were used to examine the associations between obesity and lipids/ lipoproteins. RESULTS: Women were more obese than men in Arizona (median BMI 32.1 vs. 29.2 kg/m2) and South Dakota and North Dakota (28.3 vs. 28.0 kg/m2), but there was no sex difference in waist circumference. Men had higher apoB and lower apoAI levels than did women. In women, when adjusted for center, gender, and age, BMI was significantly related to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.24, p < 0.001). There was a significant but weak relation with apoAI (r = -0.14, p < 0.001). Waist circumference was positively related to triglycerides (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) and negatively related to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.23, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = -0.13, p < 0.001). In men, BMI was positively correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.35, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = -0.23, p < 0.001). Triglycerides increased with waist circumference (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol decreased with waist circumference (r = -0.36, p < 0.001). In both women and men there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between obesity and waist with LDL cholesterol and apoB. In canonical correlation analysis, waist circumference received a greater weight (0.86) than did BMI (0.17) in women. However, the canonical weights were similar for waist (0.46) and BMI (0.56) in men. Only HDL cholesterol (-1.02) carried greater weight in women, whereas in men, triglycerides (0.50), and HDL cholesterol (-0.64) carried a large amount of weight. All the correlation coefficients between BMI, waist circumference, and the first canonical variable of lipids/lipoproteins or between the individual lipid/lipoprotein variables and the first canonical variable of obesity were smaller in women than in men. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol showed clinically meaningful changes with BMI and waist circumference in men. All lipid/lipoprotein changes in women in relation to BMI and waist circumference were minimal. DISCUSSION: The main lipoprotein abnormality related to obesity in American Indians was decreased HDL cholesterol, especially in men. Central adiposity was more associated with abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profiles than general obesity in women; both were equally important in men.     

Anthropometric, metabolic and dietary fatty acids profiles in lean and obese diabetic Asian Indian subjects

The present study was aimed to study anthropometric, metabolic and dietary fatty acids profiles among 200 (Group I: lean control, N = 80; Group II: lean diabetic, N = 70 and Group III: obese diabetic, N = 50) Asian Indians (aged 30 years and above) living in the eastern part of India. Anthropometric [height, weight, waist (WC) and hip circumference] metabolic [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] and dietary profiles were collected from each participant. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and conicity index (CI) were subsequently computed from anthropometric measures. An open-ended 24 h food recall proforma consisting of three sections and in local language was used to collect nutrient information from each participant. Daily intake of nutrients including saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were estimated by adding all the foodstuffs consumed on weekly and monthly basis. One-way ANOVA with Scheffe's post-hoc test revealed that Group I has significantly lower mean than both Group II and Group III for age, WC, WHR, CI, TC, TG, LDL, FPG and total carbohydrates; Group I has significantly lower mean than Group II only for HDL and Group I has significantly lower mean than Group III only for BMI, total proteins and total fats. On the other hand, Group I has significantly greater mean than both Group II and Group III for UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA whereas Group I has significantly lower mean than Group III only for trans fatty acids and Erucic acid. Pearson's partial correlation (controlling age and sex) analysis showed that the ratios of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids had significant negative association with lipids, lipoprotein and fasting glucose. Discriminant analysis revealed that overall 86.2% of all cases were correctly (positively) classified in three groups using fatty acids and their ratios. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to argue that dietary management including dietary guidelines would be useful to retard the growing incidence of diabetes in Indian population.     

膳食脂质对中老年高胆固醇血症患者血清胆固醇的影响

对１６７名中老年高胆固醇血症患者的膳食脂质摄入情况及血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平进行分析测定,结果表明：膳食脂质摄入及身体质量指数（ＢＭＩ）对血清胆固醇水平有重要影响;ＢＭＩ、膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪酸与ＴＣ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平呈正关联,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及其与ＴＣ的比值与单不饱和脂肪酸呈正关联,而与ＢＭＩ呈负关联,提示减少膳食胆固醇和饱和脂肪摄入、     

有氧及复合运动对单纯性肥胖青少年身体形态和生化指标影响

评价有氧运动及复合运动方式对改善单纯性肥胖青少年体脂和血液生化指标的影响,为指导肥胖学生科学有效地控制体重提供参考.方法 将43名参加2015年暑期江苏某减肥夏令营的肥胖或超重青少年随机分为有氧运动组(22名)和有氧运动结合核心力量训练的复合运动组(21名),进行为期6周的运动干预.分别在入营后和出营前进行体重、体脂率、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、大腿围等形态指标和空腹血糖(GLU)、血清胰岛素(INS)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)等血液生化指标测量.结果 经过6周2种运动干预,肥胖青少年的体成分和人体围度指标均下降,与运动前差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).复合运动组BMI、体脂率、腰围、臀围、大腿围、皮褶厚度的改善幅度均比有氧运动组高.6周的运动干预后,血脂、血糖和血清胰岛素的指标均有变化,且两组TC,LDL变化差异均有统计学意义(有氧运动t值分别为2.736,2.091;复合运动t值分别为2.574,2.991,P值均<0.05);复合运动组的血清胰岛素改善幅度比有氧运动组更大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 有氧运动、复合运动干预均能有效改善肥胖青少年体脂和代谢指标.     

科技人员血脂水平与心血管疾病的关系

目的：研究科技人员的血脂水平及其与冠心病、脑卒中和糖尿病的关系。方法：对中国科学院的2万余名科技人员进行了心血管流行病学调查,统计冠心病、脑卒中和糖尿病病史的阳性率,分析有无冠心病、脑卒中和糖尿病病史的两部分人群的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL－C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）的水平及血脂异常 的检出率。结果：科技人员血脂水平较高,有冠心病、脑卒中和糖尿病病中者的TC、TG、LDL－C的水平高于无这些疾病史的对照人群,其中TC、TG有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,这些心血管病患者的HDL－C低于对照人群（P＜0．01）;有冠心病,脑卒中和糖尿病病史者的高TC、TG、LDL－C和你HDL－C的检出率谪于对照人群,特别是有冠心病病史者（P＜0．01）。有无这些心血管疾病中我的两部分人群的血脂水平有部分重叠,即使无这些疾病中的科技人员的血脂异常的比例也较高。结论：北京科技人员人群的血脂异常的比例较高,较高水平TG、TG和LDL－C及较低水平的HDL－C是冠心病、脑卒中和糖尿病的危险因素。     

Ramadan fasting: relation to atherogenic risk among obese Muslims

Increased platelet aggregation as well as changes in coagulation factors have an important effect on the occurrence of atherogenicity and cardiovascular diseases. Fasting in general has been used in medicine for medical purposes when other measures fail. Since Ramadan fasting is different from total fasting, the present work was conducted to study the effect of Ramadan fasting on lipid pattern, some blood coagulation parameters, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI)--as atherosclerotic risk factors--in one hundred and three apparently healthy obese volunteers (15 men and 88 women) aged 15-52 years. The study comprised an initial visit for assessment V1 (before Ramadan) and three other follow up visits: V2 (at the end of Ramadan), V3 (4 weeks after Ramadan) and V4 (8 weeks after Ramadan), Targets were subjected to an interview questionnaire, complete physical and clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, dietary profile, and laboratory assay of complete blood picture (CBC), fasting serum glucose level (FSG), serum lipid pattern: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), lipoprotein a Lp (a), apolipoprotein A1 (APA), and apolipoprotein B (APB) levels; bleeding (BT) and clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen and plasma factor VII activity. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi squared, Fisher exact, Student t test, paired t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05. The study showed that by the end of Ramadan fasting, there was a significant improvement in the mean levels of hemoglobin (Hb), TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, Lp (a), APA, APB, PT and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) that persisted for four weeks after fasting (P < 0.05). Ramadan fasting has not adversely affected leucocytic count or coagulation parameters (P > 0.05). There was also a significant association between dietary intake, SBP, DBP, weight, BMI, percent body fat and waist, fibrinogen and factor VII activity and TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL/HDL, Lp (a) and APB (P < 0.05). The model of Ramadan fasting could be followed as a behavior modification program to control or prevent atherogenicity because of its positive impact on the lipid pattern, blood count and coagulation parameters.     

肥胖儿童饮食特点及其血液生化改变

目的 :　探讨肥胖儿童饮食特点和不同体重儿童血清瘦素水平及其相关的糖类和脂肪代谢改变。方法 :　随机筛取门诊体检儿童 1 0 0名 ,单纯性肥胖儿童 80名 ,年龄 6至 1 3岁 ,性别不限 ,无明显器质性疾病 ,测量身高、体重 ,收集肥胖儿童饮食资料 ,测血清瘦素、C肽、血糖、血脂 (甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 )。按体质指数 (BMI)值将受试儿童分为正常体重儿童组 (A组 ) ,超重轻肥胖组 (B组 ) ,中重度肥胖组 (C组 )。比较各组血清瘦素、C肽、血糖、血脂值的变化 ,并将瘦素与各指标及主要指标进行简单和多元相关分析。结果 :　 5 2名肥胖儿童的饮食问卷资料中 65 .3 8%喜食肉类 ,3 8.46%不喜欢吃蔬菜 ;晚餐食量最多者占 42 .3 1 %。1 45例受试儿童有完整实验数据。肥胖儿童身高和体重明显超出正常体重儿童。中重度肥胖儿童血清瘦素、C肽、血糖、血脂 (甘油三酯 )明显升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;A,B两组女童血清瘦素水平明显高于同组别男童。简单相关分析结果表明 ,瘦素与 C肽、BMI、血脂综合指数 (LCI)明显相关 ;瘦素与 C肽、BMI、LCI的复合相关系数为 0 .74,标准偏回归系数 b BMI为 0 .73。结论 :　肥胖儿童表观生长发育及瘦素等指标均超出正常体重儿童。中重度肥胖儿童在血清瘦素升?     

Twin study of genetic and environmental effects on lipid levels

A study of 106 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 94 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins tested the hypothesis that part of the previously described genetic influence on blood lipid levels can be ascribed to closer similarities among MZ than among DZ twin pairs in environmental factors that affect lipid levels. Participants were adult twin volunteers (age 17-66; 64 male and 136 female pairs) who were selected from the NH & MRC Twin Registry or were respondents to advertisements. They completed a 4-day weighed food diary from which mean nutrient intake was derived. Information on lifestyle and demographic variables was obtained by questionnaire and a nonfasting blood sample was taken for measures of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2). Estimates of the heritability of sex-adjusted lipid levels were 0.72 for total cholesterol, 0.79 for HDL cholesterol, 0.69 for HDL2, 0.20 for HDL3, 1.06 for LDL cholesterol, and 0.44 for sex-adjusted BMI. In all cases except for HDL3, genetic variance was statistically significant. After adjusting for the effects of environmental variables in three different ways, the estimates of heritability were somewhat lower for total cholesterol, HDL2, and BMI, and those for HDL cholesterol (borderline) and LDL cholesterol (definitely) remained statistically significant but were decreased. A genetic influence on HDL3 was not found. Adjusted heritability estimates obtained from one method of analysis were 0.35 for total cholesterol, 0.49 for HDL, 0.04 for HDL2, -0.34 for HDL3, 0.66 for LDL, and 0.32 for BMI. These results suggest that the assumptions made in the classical twin study approach are not appropriate when examining genetic effects on lipid levels or BMI, or indeed on any biological variable that may be affected by environmental factors that tend to be more similar in MZ twins than in DZ twins. In these circumstances, more complex models may be needed to differentiate between genetic and environmental influences.     

Relationship between exposure to industrial noise and serum lipid profile

Aim of our study was to investigate the effects of exposure to industrial noise on serum lipid profile among workers who are exposed to noise at work. In a historical cohort study, we recruited 154 and 146 male workers as high and low level noise exposure groups respectively. We defined workers with at least one year exposure to noise level more than 90 dB as high exposure group, and those with exposure to less than 80 dB as low exposure group. Afterwards, in the fasting blood specimens of participants we measured serum Triglyceride (TG), total Cholesterol (TC), high and low density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL). Mean of TG, TC, HDL and LDL for low exposure group were 148, 189, 38 and 103 mg/dl and for high exposure group were 237, 189, 37 and 104 mg/dl respectively. Mean serum TG between two groups was different. Even after adjustment for age, BMI, smoking and work hours per week, serum TG among high exposure group was 89 mg/dl higher than low exposure group and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00). There was no significant difference between two groups in TC, LDL and HDL levels. This study did not find a statistically significant relationship between exposure to noise and serum TC, LDL and HDL, but TG in two groups was different and this difference was statistically significant.     

川崎病儿童载脂蛋白和脂蛋白及血脂水平变化的临床研究

[目的]研究川崎病(Kawasaki disease ,KD)患儿血清脂类(载脂蛋白、脂蛋白、血脂)在病程各临床分期中的变化情况. [方法]120例川崎病患儿在疾病的不同临床分期及120名对照组儿童均进行血清脂类测定. [结果]川崎病组血清脂类无年龄与性别差异,病程中TG、ApoB100、ApoE比对照组高(P＜0.01),TC、HDL-C、ApoAI比对照组低(P＜0.01),LDL-C、Lpa与正常儿童相比差异无显著性(P均＞0.05).急性期明显下降的项目有:TC、HDL-C、ApoAI、Lpa;除了ApoE,其余项目亚急性期均比急性期高.TC、HDL-C在亚急性期已接近正常水平,TG、LDL-C、Lpa、ApoAI、ApoB100在恢复期时基本达到正常水平.ApoE在KD病程中各期差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但水平始终高于对照组(P＜0.01). [结论]KD患儿血清脂类除ApoE外,在临床各期均有不同程度变化,但基本上是一过性的,到恢复期时基本上接近正常水平.KD患儿在疾病过程中存在的血脂代谢紊乱对其可能有长远的影响,临床应重视对血脂结果的分析,及早干预.