瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注喉罩静脉麻醉用于颈部手术效果观察

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注喉罩静脉麻醉应用于颈部手术的效果。方法随机将68例接受颈部手术的患者分为观察组和对照组,各34例。2组均实施喉罩静脉麻醉,观察组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注,对照组患者采用丙泊酚靶控输注。比较2组患者在各时的SBP、DBP、HR变化及丙泊酚的用量。结果 2组患者麻醉前和停药时点的SBP、DBP、HR差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在喉罩置入前、后1 min时SBP、DBP、HR的差异有统计学意义;观察组丙泊酚使用量少于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义。结论颈部手术应用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注喉罩静脉麻醉,对患者血液动力学影响较小,且可减少丙泊酚用量,效果满意。     

靶控舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉的临床应用

目的比较靶控舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的临床应用效果。为合理选择麻醉用药提供依据。方法将130例妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各65例,观察组给予靶控输注舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚,对照组靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚,比较拔管后固定时点的改良评分、术后两组患者疼痛及恢复情况。结果观察组患者拔管后各时间段改良OAA/S评分明显高于对照组,中度、重度疼痛情况明显高于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与舒芬太尼相比,应用靶控瑞芬太尼实施麻醉,血流动力学稳定性好,患者意识恢复快,但术后止痛效果差。     

喉罩麻醉中靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼效果观察

目的观察靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼实施喉罩麻醉的效果。方法随机将86例接受喉罩麻醉的患者分为2组,各43例。对照组给予异丙酚靶控输注。观察组应用异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注。比较2组患者(1)麻醉前(T_0)、喉罩置入前(T_1)、喉罩置入后1 min(T_2)、停药时(T_3)的SBP、DBP、HR。(2)术中不良反应例数、患者苏醒时间及异丙酚用量。结果 T_0、T_3时2组SBP、DBP及HR差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。T_1、T_2时点观察组SBP、DBP及HR的波动幅度优于对照组,术中不良反应、苏醒时间及异丙酚的用量少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单纯应用异丙酚比较,靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼实施喉罩麻醉,对患者血液动力学影响较小,不良反应发生率低,苏醒快及异丙酚的用量少,效果满意。     

靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼用于喉罩麻醉的临床分析

目的观察靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼在喉罩麻醉中的应用效果。方法将88例手术患者随机分成观察组与对照组各44例。观察组采用异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉,对照组采用异丙酚麻醉,记录患者在麻醉前、喉罩置入前、置入后1 min及停药时的收缩压、舒张压、心率及异丙酚的用量。结果 2组患者在麻醉前差异均不显著(P>0.05),无统计学意义。2组喉罩置入前与置入后1 min的情况差异均具有显著性(P<0.05),具有统计学意义;异丙酚用药量差异明显。结论采用靶控输注异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼进行喉罩麻醉对患者血液动力学的影响较小,且异丙酚用量少,为喉罩麻醉创造良好的置入条件。     

丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注喉罩静脉麻醉在甲状腺手术中的临床应用

目的观察丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注喉罩静脉麻醉应用于甲状腺手术的效果。方法选取2014年5月至2015年8月实施甲状腺手术的100例患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例。观察组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控泵入,对照组采用丙泊酚靶控输注。比较两组患者血流动力学变化,丙泊酚的剂量以及苏醒相关指标、不良反应发生率等。结果两组患者MAP、HR、Sp O2指标在T0与T1时间点均无显著差异(P0.05)。自T2时间点开始,观察组患者的MAP与HR均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而Sp O2指标均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的自主呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间及丙泊酚使用剂量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而Steward苏醒评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者的拔管时躁动、咳嗽反射、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论甲状腺手术应用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注喉罩静脉麻醉,对患者血液动力学影响较小,且可减少丙泊酚用量,效果满意。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩麻醉的临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩麻醉对血液动力学变化的影响。方法将148例LC患者随机分为喉罩组和气管插管组,每组74例,观察2组病例麻醉各时段的血液动力学变化。结果 2组插管(罩)即刻、插管(罩)后1 min、插管(罩)后3 min。拔管(罩)后1 min、拔管(罩)后3 min比较,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结论靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼喉罩麻醉对患者的血液动力学影响较小、操作简便、麻醉效果好,并发症少,可作为LC的首选麻醉方法。     

小剂量氯胺酮复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在隆乳术中的应用

目的：观察小剂量氯胺酮复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注用于隆乳术麻醉的效果和意义。方法：40例患者随机分为丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注组（PR组,n=20）和丙泊酚瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合氯胺酮组（PR-K组,n=20）。两组诱导起始效应室靶浓度相同,PR-K组于诱导时单次静注氯胺酮0.4mg/kg。观察并比较两组患者麻醉效果及血流动力学变化,记录丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量。结果：两种麻醉方法均取得较满意的麻醉效果;PR-K组较PR组诱导迅速,血流动力学波动小,且丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼诱导用量少。结论：单次静注小剂量氯胺酮诱导可安全用于隆乳术麻醉,兼具良好的麻醉效应和经济效益。     

丙泊酚和右美托咪定全麻诱导对瑞芬太尼抑制喉罩插入反应效应室浓度的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对抑制喉罩插入反应所需瑞芬太尼剂量的影响。方法拟行乳房肿瘤切除术患者60例,随机分为三组:麻醉诱导前分别输注生理盐水(D1组)和右美托咪定0.25μg/kg(D2组)和0.5μg/kg(D3组)。泵注结束后用效应室靶控输注丙泊酚,靶浓度设定为3.5μg/ml。采用改良Dixon’s序贯法进行研究,靶控丙泊酚3min后效应室靶控输注瑞芬太尼,D1、D2和D3组设定初始靶浓度分别为1.9、1.1和0.8ng/ml,3min后插入SLIPA喉罩。如插入喉罩出现体动等阳性反应,下1例患者上调1个浓度梯度,如未出现则下1例患者下调1个浓度梯度,相邻瑞芬太尼浓度差值为0.2ng/ml,直至出现6个阳性和阴性反应交替现象。阳性和阴性反应交替的中点对应的瑞芬太尼浓度的均值为瑞芬太尼抑制喉罩插入反应的半数有效效应室浓度(Ce50)。结果 D1、D2和D3组瑞芬太尼抑制插入喉罩反应的Ce50(95%CI)分别为1.90ng/ml(1.65～2.15ng/ml)、1.05ng/ml(0.91～1.20ng/ml)和0.55ng/ml(0.32～0.79ng/ml)。D2和D3组Ce50均明显低于D1组,且D3组Ce50明显低于D2组(P0.05)。结论丙泊酚全麻时应用右美托咪定能剂量依赖性地减少插入喉罩所需的瑞芬太尼用量。     

小儿喉罩麻醉下纤维支气管镜取异物的临床分析

目的探讨经喉罩通气用于纤维支气管镜小儿气管异物取出术的麻醉方法。方法将40例气管异物患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,各20例。对照组使用丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼静脉诱导后,保留自主呼吸,微泵输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,经鼻管以高频喷射呼吸机进行通气支持,术者经鼻进行操作。观察组静注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和顺阿曲库铵后置喉罩,行双相正压机械通气。微泵输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,术者经喉罩进行操作。术中持续监测脉搏氧饱和度、心率、无创血压。记录术中发生体动发生率、低氧事件,手术时间、苏醒时间。结果对照组6例患儿需2次喉罩放置,喉罩对位优良率75%(15/20)。术中2例出现呛咳、喉痉挛,4例出现体动,1例返流和1例误吸等不良反应。观察组患儿喉罩均一次放置成功,喉罩对位优良率达到90%。术中喉罩无明显漏气,喉罩通气良好。术中无1例出现呛咳、喉痉挛、体动、返流和误吸等不良反应。观察组手术时间比对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。苏醒时间2组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经喉罩控制通气纤维支气管镜下小儿气管异物取出术,麻醉过程中安全、有效。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中的应用效果。方法随机将接受LC的70例老年患者分为2组,每组35例。观察组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉,对照组采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚持续静脉输注麻醉。通过警觉/镇静评分系统(OAA/S)对麻醉效果进行评定,并比较2组患者的呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间。结果 2组患者术中、术后各个时间段OAA/S评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年患者LC时应用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉效果优秀,安全性高。麻醉撤药后患者苏醒快,利于老年人术后恢复。     

阿片类药物对老年患者经尿道激光碎石术苏醒质量的影响

目的 观察阿片类药物对老年患者经尿道激光碎石术苏醒质量的影响. 方法 择期经尿道激光碎石手术患者134例,年龄65～79岁,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组:瑞芬太尼组(R组)46例、瑞芬太尼+芬太尼组(RF组)44例、芬太尼组(F组)44例.R组,采用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)进行麻醉诱导和麻醉维持;RF组,丙泊酚TCI麻醉诱导,静脉注射芬太尼2μg/kg,丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼TCI麻醉维持;F组,丙泊酚TCI麻醉诱导,芬太尼4 μg/kg,丙泊酚TCI麻醉维持.手术结束后送入PACU,记录患者被转入PACU时(T1)、拔除喉罩前2 min (T2)、拔除喉罩即刻(T3)和拔除喉罩后5 min(Td)4个时间点的MAP、HR,记录拔除喉罩后VAS评分和苏醒期芬太尼用量,记录患者睁眼时间、拔除喉罩时间和PACU驻留时间. 结果 麻醉苏醒期间R组在T1～T3时点MAP[(110±18)、(122±13)、(121±14) mmHg(1 mmHg=0A33 kPa)]和HR[(79±15)、(97±17)、(99±18)次/min]高于RF组(P＜0.05);R组VAS[(1.8±1.4)分]高于RF组[(0.9±0.9)分]和F组[(0.9±0.9)分](P＜0.05);R组需芬太尼镇痛患者比例高于其他两组(P＜0.05);F组的睁眼时间、拔喉罩时间以及PACU驻留时间比RF组和R组长(P＜0.05). 结论 老年患者经尿道激光碎石术应用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼+芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉比丙泊酚单纯复合瑞芬太尼或芬太尼苏醒期间血流动力学平稳、苏醒迅速、术后镇痛效果好.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复与开腹切除术的麻醉管理比较

目的比较腹主动脉瘤腔内修复与开腹切除术的麻醉管理特点。方法 2010年2月~2011年1月,70例ASAⅡ~Ⅳ级,肾下型腹主动脉瘤行腔内修复术52例（腔内修复组）,开腹切除术18例（开腹切除组）。开腹切除组采用气管内插管全身麻醉。腔内修复组采用的麻醉方法包括气管内插管全身麻酔、全凭静脉麻醉（喉罩通气）和监护麻醉。气管内插管全身麻醉采用快速顺序静脉诱导,气管插管后机械控制呼吸,静吸复合方式维持麻醉;全凭静脉麻醉（喉罩通气）采用丙泊酚靶控静脉输注,经喉罩行机械通气控制呼吸;监护麻醉保留自主呼吸,适当镇静镇痛。结果开腹切除组在气管内插管全身麻醉下完成手术,术中均需要使用血管活性药物控制血压。腔内修复组有57.7%（30/52）的患者采用气管内插管全身麻醉、34.6%（18/52）的患者采用全凭静脉麻醉（喉罩通气）和7.7%（4/52）的患者在监护麻醉下完成手术。与开腹切除组相比,腔内治疗组术中血压较平稳,麻醉时间[（90±27）min vs.（210±44）min,t=13.668,P=0.000]、手术时间[（45±22）min vs.（187±36）min,t=-19.811,P=0.000]、术中输注晶体液[（750±178）ml vs.（1896±367）ml,t=17.486,P=0.000]、胶体液[（349±147）ml vs.（1257±266）ml,t=18.034,P=0.000]、异体血[（50±34）ml vs.（898±154）ml,t=-37.615,P=0.000]、术后返ICU患者比例（15.4%vs.66.7%,χ2=17.231,P=0.000）及术后住院时间[（8.5±2.1）d vs.（15.2±4.3）d,t=8.700,P=0.000]均明显降低。结论腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术的麻醉手术时间、液体出入量及血管活性药物应用水平远低于腹主动脉瘤开腹切除术,且监护麻醉、全凭静脉麻醉适用于该术式。     

对比七氟醚喉罩吸入麻醉与异丙酚静脉麻醉在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的应用

目的对比七氟醚喉罩吸入麻醉与异丙酚静脉麻醉在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的应用。 方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月,东部战区总医院收治的小儿腹股沟斜疝患儿100例,按麻醉方案的不同将其分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组给予异丙酚静脉麻醉,观察组给予七氟醚喉罩吸入麻醉。比较2组麻醉效果,不同时间点的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）和血氧饱和度（SpO₂）的变化及2组拔管后不良反应。 结果观察组的意识消失时间、诱导至插管时间、苏醒时间、拔喉罩时间、离开麻醉恢复室时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。T1～T3时2组MAP和对照组HR比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,T1～T3时2组MAP和HR均呈现升高趋势（P<0.05）,且T2、T3时对照组MAP和HR高于观察组（P<0.05）;2组SpO₂在T1～T3无差异（P>0.05）;观察组和对照组苏醒后的不良反应发生率分别为4.00%、16.00%,且观察组的不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中七氟醚喉罩吸入麻醉可以使患儿生命体征平稳,术后不良反应较少,且麻醉效果优于异丙酚静脉麻醉。     

超声引导下肢神经阻滞联合喉罩下全麻用于全膝关节置换术的效果

目的 评价超声引导下肢神经阻滞联合喉罩下全麻用于全膝关节置换术的效果.方法 择期行全膝关节置换术的病人加例,性别不限,年龄52～80岁,体重67～94 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=20).Ⅰ组在气管插管下行静吸复合全麻;Ⅱ组先在超声引导下行下肢神经阻滞,然后在喉罩下行静吸复合全麻.术中和麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留期间维持HR 50～100次/min,维持MAP波动幅度不超过基础值的20%.必要时给予血管活性药物(阿托品、艾司洛尔、麻黄碱、乌拉地尔或拉贝洛尔).术后采用曲马多和氯诺昔康行PCIA(背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量1 ml,锁定时间15 min),维持VAS评分≤2分.记录术中和PACU停留期间血管活性药物的使用情况;记录PACU停留时间;记录术后24 h内PCA药物用量和恶心呕吐的发生情况.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组术中各血管活性药物的使用率降低,PACU停留期间艾司洛尔、乌拉地尔和拉贝洛尔的使用率降低,PACU停留时间缩短,PCA药物用量减少,术后恶心呕吐发生率降低(P<0.01).结论 超声引导下肢神经阻滞联合喉罩下全麻用于全膝关节置换术麻醉效果较好,并发症少,术后镇痛药物用量少,优于气管插管下全麻.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of uhrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 52-80 yr,weighing 67-94 kg,undergoing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each).Group Ⅰ received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with endotracheal tube.Group Ⅱ received lower extremity nerve block guided by ultrasound and then combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.HR was maintained at 50-100bpm,MAP was maintained at the preoperative baseline level(increase or decrease amplitude<20%of the baseline level)during operation and in pestanesthesia care unit(PACU)and vasoaetive drugs(atropine,esmolol,efedrina,urapidil or labetalol)were given when necessary.The patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with tramedol and lornoxicam(background infusion 2 ml/h,bolus dose 1 ml,lockout interval 15 min)after operation and VAS score was maintained at≤2.The requirement for vasoactive drugs during operation and in PACU,PACU stay length,and consumption of analgesics and occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the requirement for all vasoaetive drugs during operation and for esmolol,urapidil and labetalol in PACU was significantly reduced,PACU stay length Was significantly shortened,and the consumption of analgesics and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in group Ⅱ(P<0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided lower extremity nerve block combined with general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway provides better emcacy with fewer complications and less consumption of postoperative analgesics than general anesthesia with endotracheal tube in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.     

Requirements for target-controlled infusion of propofol to insert the laryngeal mask airway

The success rate for insertion of the laryngeal mask airway was assessed in 60 patients using a target-controlled infusion of propofol. Eleven of 15 patients who received a target propofol concentration of 5 μgml⁻¹ had the laryngeal mask inserted successfully within 3 min of induction of anaesthesia. Fourteen of 15 patients who received 6 μgml⁻¹ had successful insertion within 3 min and all 15 patients who received 7 μgml⁻¹ had successful insertion within 3 min. Patients who received 8 μgml⁻¹ had successful insertion within 90 s of induction of anaesthesia. The increased success rate of LMA insertion with the higher target propofol concentrations was achieved without major haemodynamic effects in this group of fit patients. However, adverse cardiovascular effects may occur with these doses in elderly or unfit patients. It is important in individual patients to titrate the target propofol concentration to achieve the required clinical end-point.     

The contribution of remifentanil to middle latency auditory evoked potentials during induction of propofol anesthesia

There is a debate regarding whether opioids, as a component of general anesthesia, are adequately reflected in the assessment of anesthesia based on derivatives of the electroencephalogram. To test the hypothesis of a possible quantitative contribution of remifentanil on middle latency auditory evoked potentials, we studied its interaction with propofol anesthesia in 45 unpremedicated male patients undergoing elective lower limb orthopedic surgery. They were allocated randomly to three groups. The first two groups received remifentanil either with a high (8 ng mL(-1)) or a low (3 ng mL(-1) target concentration using target-controlled infusion (TCI). The third group received spinal anesthesia instead of remifentanil. Anesthesia was induced by a stepwise increase in propofol concentration using TCI. The auditory evoked potential index (AEPex) and calculated propofol effect site concentrations were determined at loss of consciousness and the reaction to laryngeal mask airway insertion was noted. The propofol infusion was then converted to a closed-loop TCI using an AEPex value of 40 as the target. We found no significant contribution of remifentanil alone on the auditory evoked response, whereas increasing concentrations of remifentanil led to a significant decrease of the calculated propofol effect site concentrations (P = 0.023) necessary for unconsciousness. Prediction probability for AEPex was inversely related to the remifentanil concentration and was best for the control group, which received propofol alone. These results support previous findings of a quantitative interaction between remifentanil and propofol for loss of consciousness but question the specific contribution of remifentanil to auditory evoked potentials.     

Anesthetic management for transtracheal placement of a catheter for intracavity infusion of an antifungal drug in patients with pulmonary fungus ball of aspergillosis

A catheter was inserted through the cricothyroid membrane under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask airway in two patients with pulmonary fungus ball of aspergillosis to administer an antimycotic into the fungus ball. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol in both patients. The laryngeal mask airway was inserted using intravenous injection of vecuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with continuous infusion of propofol. The catheter was inserted through the cricothyroid membrane and placed in the pulmonary fungus ball using bronchoscope. Perioperative and postoperative courses were uneventful in both patients. It was concluded that the laryngeal mask airway is useful for airway management when a catheter is inserted into a pulmonary fungus ball through the cricothyroid membrane.     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩全身麻醉在小儿疝囊高位结扎术的镇痛效果

目的探究超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩全麻下小儿疝囊高位结扎术的镇痛效果。 方法选取2016年1月至2018年1月,湖北省洪湖市人民医院150例接受疝囊高位结扎术的患儿,随机分为观察组（75例）和对照组（75例）。对照组采用单纯喉罩全身麻醉,而观察组在对照组基础上进行超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞。比较2组患儿的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、躁动及疼痛评分、苏醒时间、手术时间及并发症发生状况。 结果观察组的并发症发生率（6.7%）低于对照组（17.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿手术时间、苏醒时间、躁动评分、12 h小儿疼痛量表（12 h FLACC）评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组插入喉罩后、手术开始时、拔除喉罩时与麻醉诱导前比较,MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;对照组插入喉罩后、拔除喉罩时与麻醉诱导前比较,MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术开始时MAP、HR高于麻醉诱导前（P<0.05）。麻醉诱导前、插入喉罩后、拔除喉罩时2组间的MAP、HR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术开始时,观察组的MAP、HR均低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论小儿疝囊高位结扎术中应用超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合喉罩全麻的麻醉效果较好,术后苏醒快,可以缓解患儿术后疼痛及躁动,降低并发症的发生率,具有临床应用价值。     

Cp50 of propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion using predicted concentrations with and without nitrous oxide

This study sought to determine the predicted Cp50 of propofol required for laryngeal mask airway insertion (Cp50LMA) and to investigate whether nitrous oxide reduces these required concentrations. Using target-controlled infusion and incorporating the standard Diprifusor pharmacokinetic model, 46 unpremedicated patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The patients received either 40% oxygen in air (control group: n = 23), or 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen (nitrous oxide group: n = 23). The target concentration for each patient was determined using the up and down method. Following equilibration between the predetermined blood and effect site concentrations, had been established for > 10 min, laryngeal mask airway insertion was attempted without neuromuscular relaxants. The data were analysed using a probit analysis to obtain Cp50LMA levels. The values for Cp50LMA were 3.24 micro g.ml-1 in the control group and 1.93 microg.ml-1 in the nitrous oxide group.     

Validity of intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine in a patient with dermatomyositis-derived respiratory failure

A 66-year-old female with dermatomyositis and severe respiratory failure from collagen lungs, dependent on domiciliary oxygen therapy, was scheduled for a mastectomy. Anesthesia was induced with dexmedetomidine (DEX) 6 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1) for 10 minutes and maintained at 0.7 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1), along with a target controlled infusion of propofol combined with epidural anesthesia. No narcotic or muscle relaxant was used. The airway was secured using a laryngeal mask airway and spontaneous breathing was preserved. The perioperative course was uneventful without any pulmonary complications. DEX has a certain analgesic property and a mild respiratory depressant effect. Therefore, it is considered useful as a concomitant anesthetic agent for perioperative management of patients with respiratory failure.