远程医疗发展现状综述

采用文献综述的方法,对国内外公开发表的关于远程医疗的文献和资料进行整理和分析,初步了解国内外远程医疗各个方面的发展、应用以及一些关键技术。研究结果表明,目前远程医疗主要包括远程会诊、远程诊断、远程教学、远程监护和远程医疗车等。应用空间范围除医院、诊所等医疗场所外,还有作战场地、海上医疗、家庭监护等。而远程医疗中应用的一些技术也从单一的电视监控或电话远程诊断逐渐发展为利用移动通讯设备、有线网、无线网络等进行数字、图像、语音的综合传输;监控设备以及各种生命体征监测仪器、无线传感器都向小型化和便携式方向发展,穿戴式生物医疗仪器是目前的研究热点。虚拟网络和灵活组网等是目前远程医疗的显著特征。     

家庭远程监护网络系统设计

本文设计了一种家庭医疗保健远程监护网络系统，并详细介绍了远程监护技术与家庭医疗保健相结合的应用实例——家庭远程监护网络。     

远程医院家庭监护网的研制

本文介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的研制。介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的系统构成和性能特点,它实现了将病区与病区、医院与医院、家庭与医院以及地区与地间联网,实现远程监护远程会诊。特别实用于社区医疗网的远程医疗监护。     

远程医疗家庭监护网的研制

本文介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的研制.介绍了远程医疗家庭监护网的系统构成和性能特点,它实现了将病区与病区、医院与医院、家庭与医院以及地区与地区间联网,实现远程监护远程会诊.特别实用于社区医疗网的远程医疗监护.     

适合中国国情的远程家庭医疗系统研究

介绍了远程医疗在国内外的发展概况。探讨了中国远程家庭医疗的发展方向，提出了一种适合中国国情的远程家庭医疗系统，并对该系统的组成、工作原理及关键组成部分：远程家庭监护仪及远程计算机中心处理系统进行了介绍。     

家庭远程监护系统的构建

目的:构建家庭远程监护系统,使患者无需到医院就诊,方便医生远程监护患者,提高就诊效率。方法:应用无线传感器网络技术,采用嵌入式网关服务器将被监护对象的生理参数(比如血压)通过互联网从客户端传输至医疗中心,医生通过数据分析,从而实现远程监护。结果:建立了一个家庭远程监护系统,使患者方便有效地得到了良好的监护,使医生方便有效地提高诊断效率。结论:监护系统可以运用在将来的医疗设备中,为患者提供方便,同时也能为医生及时地提供有效的数据,值得推广。     

远程生理参数监护系统的设计

本文介绍了远程监护技术的概念、意义及特点,阐述了自行构建的远程生理参数嘛护系统的架构、主要功能、监测项目及参数,指出未来远程监护技术在家庭护理领域具有良好的应用前景。     

心电远程监护系统的研究进展

近年来,心血管疾病的发病率呈上升趋势,由于其具有突发性,因此,日常的监护显得尤为重要,心电远程监护已成为现代医疗监护发展的一个重要方向。本文主要介绍心电远程监护系统的发展史及其现状,并展望心电监护系统的发展趋势。     

远程医疗监护技术及其应用

目的 为患者提供更优质及时的医疗服务，探讨远程监护技术在医学监护中的重要意义。方法 连续监测被监护的患者各种生理参数，研究被监护者的生理功能、发病规律及明确诊断等。结果 远程监护技术的应用，缩短了医生与病人之间的距离，为病人提供了先进及时的优质服务。结论 远程监护技术是集医疗保健技术、通信技术、信息技术为一体的在医学监护上的综合应用技术，值得进一步研究、推广及应用。     

立体化远程胎儿监护网络的临床应用探讨

本文对家庭、社区健康服中心和医院三者之间远程立体化胎儿监护网络临床应用的价值进行评价。结果认为，立体化远程胎儿监护网络不但可以提高围产期胎儿监护的水平，降低围产儿死亡率；而且对孕妇来说是既经济又方便的监护手段，是一项值得推广的技术。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.