Cancer/testis antigen SPATA19 is frequently expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Spermatogenesis‐associated 19 (SPATA19) is a cancer/testis antigen overexpressed in various cancers. However, its protein expression profile in malignant or non‐malignant tissues remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated SPATA19 protein expression patterns in a panel of non‐malignant human samples and primary prostate cancer (PCa) with or without benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. SPATA19 was absent in all non‐malignant tissues investigated (n=14) except testis and prostate tissues. In terms of malignancies, all PCa cases were positive for SPATA19 exhibiting frequency between 20 and 100% (median 85%) with 63 (52.5%) and 57 (47.5%) cases demonstrating weak/moderate and strong intensities, respectively. Thirty‐nine PCa cases (32.5%) contained BPH, and all BPH glands were SPATA19 positive (frequency between 20 and 100%; median 90%) with 13 (33.3%) demonstrating strong SPATA19 expression. Higher SPATA19 expression (higher frequency, intensity, or H‐score) was not associated with overall survival or disease‐specific survival (DFS) in all PCa cases. However, biochemical recurrence (BR) was associated with worse DFS (p = 0.005) in this cohort of 120 patients, and cases with strong SPATA19 intensity were associated with BR (p = 0.020). In conclusion, we showed that SPATA19 protein was frequently expressed in both BPH and PCa glands, and this warrants future investigations on its pathogenic roles in the disease.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在前列腺增生和癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的 :探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)在前列腺增生和前列腺癌组织中表达的临床意义。方法 :采用斑点杂交技术和免疫组化染色 ,测定 40例正常前列腺 (NP)、3 8例前列腺增生症 (BPH )和 3 6例前列腺癌组织 (Pca)中b FGF的表达。结果 :BPH和Pca组织中 ,b FGF的表达明显高于NP组织 (P <0 .0 1)。b FGF表达升高的程度与BPH的分度、Pca的病理分级和临床分期均无明显关系。结论 :b FGF可能为BPH和Pca组织自身分泌 ,与其发生发展过程密切相关     

经尿道激光汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生的效果

目的:探讨激光汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）的效果。方法:62 例BPH患者依据不同治疗方式分组:对照组 采用经尿道前列腺等离子电切术（TUPKP）,研究组采用经尿道1 470 nm 激光前列腺汽化术。观察并比较两组患者手术 前后血红蛋白、血钠水平,围术期指标（术后膀胱持续冲洗时间、留置尿管时间及住院时长）,国际前列腺症状（IPSS）、生 活质量（QOL）、最大尿流量（Qmax）及残余尿量PVR,术后并发症情况。结果:研究组术后血红蛋白水平显著高于对照组 （P<0.05）,两组术后血纳水平无显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究组手术时间长于对照组（P<0.05）,研究组术后膀胱冲洗时间、 术后留置尿管时间、术后住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后IPSS、QOL、Qmax及PVR均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。 术后随访3个月,研究组未发生短期并发症,对照组发生继发性出血1例。结论:BPH患者使用1 470 nm激光汽化术与TUPKP 术治疗均可显著缓解患者相关下尿路症状,患者生活质量水平得到显著提高,临床疗效相近;与TUPKP术相比,经尿道 1 470 nm激光汽化术治疗BPH的手术时间相对更长,但术后恢复快,临床安全性较高。     

前列腺增生症引起膀胱逼尿肌变化的临床研究

目的:探讨前列腺增生症引起的膀胱逼尿肌变化.方法:对230例前列腺增生患者进行尿动力学检查分析,包括充盈性膀胱测压,压力、流率同步检查.结果:逼尿肌最大压力(Pdet)为(58.2±33.8)cmH2O(0～135cmH2O),BC值为(25.6±3.4)ml/cmH2O,逼尿肌不稳定(DI)占17.3%(72例),逼尿肌无力占12%(53例).本组BC值＜30者132例,即低顺应性膀胱132例;BC值＞40者95例,即高顺应性膀胱95例.DI和低顺应性与BOO相关(P＜0.05).结论:(1)尿动力学检查有助于了解前列腺增生症患者引起的膀胱逼尿肌功能变化,明确患者排尿困难的原因,指导诊断和选择治疗方法,预测预后和判断疗效;(2)DI和低顺应性与BOO相关.     

两种手术方法治疗良性前列腺增生合并膀胱结石比较

目的探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并膀胱结石的治疗方法。方法选择2003年1月～2009年6月62例BPH合并膀胱结石患者,年龄59～86岁,中位年龄69.2岁,病程6个月～5年,中位病程42个月。分别采用开放手术(n=35)和经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)联合气压弹道碎石术(n=27),比较两组术中、术后情况。结果TURP联合气压弹道碎石术组手术时间为(132.6±31.8)min,明显长于开放手术组[(82.7±15.2)min](P0.05);开放手术组术中出血量为(245.1±52.6)mL,明显多于TURP联合气压弹道碎石术组[(139.7±34.3)mL](P0.05);开放手术组膀胱冲冼时间为(124.1±33.7)h,明显长于TURP联合气压弹道碎石术组[(78.3±28.9)h](P0.05);开放手术组留置导尿管时间为(11.7±1.8)d,明显长于TURP联合气压弹道碎石术组[(5.4±1.5)d](P0.05);开放手术组术后住院时间为(13.6±2.4)d,明显长于TURP联合气压弹道碎石术组[(7.3±1.8)d](P0.05)。两组肠功能恢复时间方面的差异无统计学意义。结论与开放手术相比,TURP联合气压弹道碎石术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,为BPH合并膀胱结石提供了微创手术的新方式。     

Phytoadaptogen correction of clinical and immunobiological parameters in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Correction of hormonal, immune, interferon, and antioxidant status and genetic abnormalities with a complex phytoadaptogen leads to positive clinical effects in elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 141, No. 5, pp. 555–558, May, 2006     

Immunohistochemical analysis of the impact of ischemic change in benign prostatic hyperplasia

ObjectiveWe conducted experiments to elucidate the impact of ischemic change on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using immunohistochemistry.MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients over 60 years of age who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for BPH between January 2009 and September 2012 were evaluated. As vascular risk factors, the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diseases related to bladder function were investigated. As BPH-related factors, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximal flow rate, postvoid residual volume, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, prostate calculi, and medication state for BPH were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), sex hormone receptors, and smooth muscle actin. Additionally, microvessel density (MVD) and diffuse fibrosis (DF) were evaluated.ResultsA total of 101 patients were included and HIF-1α expression in stroma and glands were observed in 56 (55.4%) and 34 (33.7%) cases, respectively. There was no significant association between HIF-1α expression and vascular risk factors or BPH-related variables. However, there was a significant correlation between the HIF-1α expression in stroma and higher MVD. HIF-1α expression in the stroma was also significantly correlated with higher expressions of the androgen and progesterone receptors in the stroma. DF was frequently found in cases with higher HIF-1α expression in the stroma than in those with lower HIF-1α expression.ConclusionIn patients with response to ischemic changes of the prostate, HIF-1α expression could be confirmed, and the expression of the androgen receptor was significantly lower in these patients. Chronic ischemic damage in the prostate can progress to a condition that is refractory to pharmacologic therapy. Chronic ischemic damage, which can progress to refractory phase to pharmacologic therapy, is correlated with the hormonal status of prostate.     

Patterns in the diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a country that does not have country-specific clinical practice guidelines

Purpose

We have evaluated the patterns of diagnostic and treatment practices for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a country that does not have country-specific clinical practice guidelines.

Materials and Methods

Probability samples were taken from the Korean Urological Association Registry of Physicians, and randomly sampled Korean urologists were asked to complete a questionnaire. The survey explored practice characteristics and attitudes, as well as diagnostic and treatment strategies, for the management of BPH.

Results

Of the 850 questionnaires sent, 302 were returned, and 277 of those were included in the final analysis (response rate 32.6%). For the initial evaluation, most urologists routinely used digital rectal examinations (DRE) and urinalysis. Uroflowmetry was used 34.7% of the time. Pressure-flow studies were rarely done. Symptom assessment was used in only 46.9% of cases. In addition, a significant number (58.8%) reported that treatment decisions were not based on the symptom questionnaire. Before surgery, almost all urologists routinely used DRE, urinalysis, and prostate-specific antigen tests. Of the respondents, 55.6% and 41.9% had prescribed alpha-blockers and alpha-blockers with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, respectively. 81.2% of urologists perceived that selective alpha-blockers are different in terms of efficacy, and 82.7% felt that they differed in safety. Most respondents prescribed 5-alpha reductase inhibitors based on the prostate size.

Conclusion

These data provide a picture of current practices regarding the management of BPH in Korea. The diagnostic and treatment practices for BPH do not follow published guidelines. Our findings ask the question "How influential are international guidelines, and do they really affect patient management in countries that do not have country-specific guidelines?"     

开放手术与经尿道电切术治疗高原地区良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的研究开放手术与经尿道电切术治疗高原地区良性前列腺增生的临床特点,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法选取2003年至2010年12月期间在我科诊疗的62例良性前列腺增生患者,按照随机数字方法分成2组,每组31例,分别为开放手术组与电切手术组,治疗后留院观察与随访,分析两组患者的相关临床资料。结果两组患者在住院时间、术中出血、留置导尿时间、膀胱冲洗时间方面均具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,但在手术时间方面没有统计学差异（P〉0.05）。术前和术后两组患者在最大尿流率与残余尿方面均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。与术前相比较,两组患者术后的最大尿流率与残余尿均有显著性改善（P〈0.05）。两组患者的并发症总发生率具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论与开放手术相比较,经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生疗效更好好,具有恢复快、住院周期短、创伤小、安全、并发症少等优点。     

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶cdk2和cdk4在前列腺增生和癌变组织中的表达

目的：探讨细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶ｃｄｋ２和ｃｄｋ４在前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌（ＰＣ）的发生发展过程中作用及其与ＰＣＮＡ之间关系。方法：应用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测１８例正常前列腺（ＮＰ）、６２例ＢＰＨ和３３例ＰＣ组织中ｃｄｋ２、ｃｄｋ４和ＰＣＮＡ的表达。结果：前列腺上皮和间质组织中均见ｃｄｋ２和ｃｄｋ４表达。ＮＰ中两者表达均分别显著低于ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ;ＢＰＨ的上皮细胞中两者表达均分别显著低于ＰＣ,但ＢＰＨ的间质细胞中两者表达与ＰＣ相比均无显著性差异。ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ中ｃｄｋ２及ｃｄｋ４表达与ＰＣＮＡ指数均呈正相关。结论：ｃｄｋ２和ｃｄｋ４异常表达参与ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ的发生发展过程,其可能是通过改变细胞周期及促进细胞异常增殖而起作用的。     

Management of experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats using a food-based therapy containing Telfairia occidentalis seeds

The usefulness of diet containing Telfairia occidentalis seeds, in managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats was studied. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups. BPH was induced by sub-cutaneous injection of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol valerate (ratio, 10:1) every other day for 28 days. Rats in the test group were placed on the test diet for 7 days following disease induction. One control group (DC) was fed on a normal diet for 7 days following disease induction. Two other control groups, HC and HDC, were given sub-cutaneous olive oil (vehicle) for the same duration, and placed on the test diet and normal diet, respectively. Markers of BPH, and hormone profile were determined using standard methods. The results show that relative prostate weight and protein content of the prostates were lower [albeit not significantly (p>0.05)] in the test group, relative to the DC group. Serum prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations (U/L) decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 2.9 ± 0.2 in the DC group to 2.1 ± 0.7 in the test group. Histological findings corroborate these data. The testosterone: estradiol ratio (× 10(3)) was increased from 4.0 ± 0.2 in the DC group to 4.6 ± 0.2 in the test group. The test diet reduced the mass and secretory activity of the enlarged prostate and may act by increasing the testosterone: estradiol ratio.     

前列腺增生并膀胱结石患者一期腔内手术治疗

目的探讨前列腺增生并膀胱结石的一期腔内手术疗效,为临床治疗前列腺增生并膀胱结石的一期腔内手术提供参考。方法选择良性前列腺增生(BPH)伴膀胱结石患者49例,采用经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)同时进行经尿道膀胱结石气压弹道碎石治疗。结果所有患者均一次性治疗成功,无膀胱穿孔发生,未见结石复发及尿失禁和尿道狭窄等并发症。结论同期进行经尿道前列腺电切除和气压弹道碎石术是治疗前列腺增生并膀胱结石的一种高效、安全的手术方法。     

前列腺增生症微创外科治疗的应用解剖及其临床应用

目的:为改进经尿道内窥镜下前列腺切除术提供形态学基础。方法:在内窥镜下分别观察测量200例正常成人男性和80例Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°,70例Ⅲ°前列腺增生病人的后尿道形态学特点。结果:①尿道膜部后上缘至精阜之间有一弧形粘膜皱襞,在前列腺增生患者呈环形;②前列腺两侧叶裂隙顶部恒定位于11~1点处之间;③尿道前列腺部上、下径,膀胱颈最高点至精阜距离,精阜上、下径,尿道膜部上缘至精阜的距离在正常组、Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°、Ⅲ°前列腺增生组分别为(3.62±0.65),(4.36±0.59),(4.76±0.50)cm;(4.30±0.65),(5.41±0.56),(6.12±0.78)cm;(0.66±0.12),(0.72±0.16),(0.79±0.16)cm;(1.29±0.15),(1.17±0.16),(1.00±0.18)cm。结论:精阜及其相对位置的准确定位、精阜至尿道膜部上缘的距离是经尿道前列腺切除术关键。     

Differential expression of MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) are common diseases for men around the world. Both serine/threonine protein kinase MST4 (MST4) and serine/threonine kinase 25 (STK25) belong to the Ste20-like kinases and interact with programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) which is closely linked to cancer diseases. To clarify the roles of MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 in prostate carcinogenesis, we examined MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 expression in tissue microarray blocks containing 110 cores of BPH and 160 cores of PC immunohistochemically and evaluated their correlation with clinicopathological findings. MST4 was not expressed in all the BPH cases and expressed in 38.7% of PC cases (P < 0.0001). STK25 expression was found in 77.3% of BPH cases and 93.1% of PC cases (P < 0.0001). PDCD10 staining was considered weak in 82 (74.5%) and strong in 28 (25.5%) of BPH cases. However, in prostate cancer cases, PDCD10 staining was weak in 95 (59.4%) and strong in 65 (40.6%) (P < 0.05). PDCD10 and STK25 immunostaining were associated with age in prostatic hyperplasia cases (P < 0.05). The staining intensity for STK25 was significantly greater in Gleason grades 3-5 (47.1% of such cases staining strongly) compared with other grades of prostate cancer (only 26.5% of these cases staining strongly; P < 0.05). Our results suggest that MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 are unregulated in prostate cancer and may play roles in prostate tumorigenesis. MST4 may be a helpful marker for identifying prostate cancer.     

Defective functional response to membrane stimuli in lymphocytes from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a local disturbance in the prostate that may involve an inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of activated lymphocytes and macrophages. The activation and proliferative response of T lymphocytes to different mitogenic signals has been analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 45 patients with BPH and 55 healthy controls. The PBMC obtained from the patients showed a significant specific impairment in proliferation, CD25 expression and IL-2 production in response to stimulation with lectins (phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A)), that was not corrected by the addition of IL-2 or of phorbol esters (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)). Also, the CD28 response was defective in patient PBMC. Activation with anti-CD3 or anti-CD2 MoAbs was normal, but the addition of PMA to these stimuli provoked a significant defective response. Only the use of transmembrane stimuli (PMA and ionomycin) elicited responses similar to those found in the control group. The results indicate that peripheral T lymphocytes from BPH patients show a functional impairment that is mainly explained by an alteration of membrane signals (PHA, CD28) and is distal to protein kinase C (PKC) activation.     

益肾固泉液抗前列腺增生及解痉作用研究

用丙酸睾丸酮致正常小鼠及去势大鼠前列腺增生,乙酰胆碱、氯化钡致大鼠离体十二指肠痉挛。观察益肾固泉液对实验性前列腺增生及痉挛肠肌的影响。结果益肾固泉液有明显的抗雄性激素样作用,能显对抗丙酸睾丸酮致正常小鼠和去势大鼠前列腺增生;对乙酰胆碱或氯化钡致痉挛肠肌有松驰作用,使痉挛肠肌恢复正常的收缩性。     

Evaluation of short term clinical effects and presumptive mechanism of botulinum toxin type A as a treatment modality of benign prostatic hyperplasia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and investigate the putative mechanism of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) applied to the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 52 patients with symptomatic BPH were evaluated. Transperineal intraprostatic injection under transrectal ultrasonography was carried out. BTA dissolved in 4 to 9 mL of saline was used from 100 U to 300 U, according to prostate volume. Twenty-six patients received only BTA (BT group), and 26 received both BTA and one month of an alpha-adrenergic antagonist (BTalpha group). The therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by comparing parameters such as international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life, prostate specific antigen, prostate volume, post-void residual urine, and peak urinary flow rate. At the one month follow- up, 18 patients in the BT group and 21 in the BTalpha group had subjective symptomatic relief (p = 0.337). Only IPSS5 (weak stream) was significantly different between the BT group and BTalpha groups (p = 0.034). At the three month follow-up, 39 patients had subjective symptomatic relief. The storage symptoms were improved more than the voiding symptoms. Additionally, about 50 percent of the patients whose voiding symptom improved expressed improved erectile function. BTA injection seems to be an alternative treatment for BPH. The differences after the one month evaluation between the BT and the BTalpha groups might suggest that the adrenergic influence could be relatively reinforced by the anticholinergic effect of BTA. Nitric oxide would thus be involved in a BTA action mechanism in BPH.     

Role of macrophages in the mechanism of specific retention of sensitized lymphocytes in lymph glands containing antigen

The role of macrophages in the phenomenon of specific retention of antigen-activated. lymphocytes in lymph glands containing the same antigen was investigated. Injection of peritoneal macrophages, phagocytosing sheep's red cells (as well as of the red cells alone) was found to cause specific retention of lymphocytes in the regional lymph glands. Preliminary treatment of the antigen-loaded macrophages with antierythrocytic serum reduced the retention of lymphocytes. It is postulated that lymphocytes are fixed by means of receptors on their surface to the membrane of macrophages, into which antigen molecules are incorporated.Laboratory of Histochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 345–347, March, 1976.