应用反取皮植皮联合带蒂胸脐皮瓣治疗前臂脱套伤

目的 报道当前臂及手腕部脱套伤时,应用反取皮植皮联合带蒂胸脐皮瓣治疗的临床效果.方法 2007年9月-2011年11月,对12例前臂及手腕部脱套伤,利用反取皮植皮联合带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复,以达到保全肢体外形及功能,覆盖创面的目的.结果 12例植皮及皮瓣全部成活,术后随访10例,随访时间5个月～2年,外形及功能满意,质地良好,无色素沉着,其中3例皮瓣明显臃肿,需二次皮瓣修薄整形.供区无明显并发症.结论 前臂及手腕部脱套伤,利用反取皮植皮联合带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复,手术方法简单,安全可靠,不需吻合血管,能达到精细修复的目的,明显提高功能.     

双侧胸脐皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤

目的：应用双侧带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤,使手术更加简单实用。方法：用双侧带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤所致的皮肤缺损。结果：８例病人用此法治疗,术后随访３￣６月,皮瓣均成活。结论：双侧带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复手部皮肤脱套伤是一种新颖、安全简单、实用的方法,为下一步伤手的功能重建提供了有力的基础。此法适合于创面巨大、受区血管受损、胸脐皮瓣血管变异、缺乏显微外科技术时应用。     

一期带蒂网状全厚皮片回植联合负压封闭引流治疗四肢皮肤脱套伤

目的探讨应用一期带蒂网状全厚皮片回植联合负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗四肢皮肤脱套伤效果。方法对58例四肢皮肤脱套伤患者采用一期带蒂网状全厚皮片回植联合VSD治疗。结果 52例脱套皮肤一期成活;5例皮肤部分成活,清创后再次游离全厚皮片移植成活;1例合并严重感染及组织缺血坏死予以截肢。57例获得随访,时间3～6个月,成活皮片功能均恢复良好。结论一期带蒂网状全厚皮片回植联合VSD治疗四肢皮肤脱套伤能起到控制感染及促进植皮成活的效果。     

四肢皮肤脱套伤原位回植相关临床分析

目的 探讨四肢脱套皮肤打薄后的全厚皮片回植或制成保留真皮下血管网的皮片回植的临床效果.方法 采用脱套皮肤回植联合负压封闭引流装置治疗四肢皮肤脱套伤患者30例,均为四肢皮肤大面积严重脱套伤,且部分合并骨、肌腱、重要血管及神经损伤.彻底清创,修复深部损伤结构,合并骨折者一期行骨折复位内固定,将脱套皮肤修剪成全厚皮片或制成保留真皮下血管网的皮片回植后以VSD覆盖,6～8d后去除VSD装置.术后对皮肤存活情况及愈合质量进行随访评估. 结果 25例回植皮肤全部存活;4例前臂及手掌部回植的脱套皮肤局部出现斑片状坏死,二期植皮或皮瓣修复后成活;1例双下肢全脱套伤腘窝处形成窦道,二期扩创局部皮瓣转移修复后治愈.术后随访1 ～ 12个月,皮肤色泽及质地良好,瘢痕小,皮肤浅感觉及弹性接近正常,患肢功能良好. 结论 脱套皮肤打薄后的全厚皮片回植或制成保留真皮下血管网的皮片回植联合负压封闭引流装置治疗可提高四肢皮肤脱套伤的手术成功率,缩短患者住院时间,疗效满意.     

髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股部皮瓣带蒂瓦合移植在手部大面积套脱伤治疗中的应用

目的 介绍髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股部皮瓣带蒂移植治疗手部大面积套脱伤的手术方法和临床效果.方法 对7例手、腕及前臂部广泛皮肤套脱伤的患者,采用髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股前外侧皮瓣带蒂移植修复4例,联合阔筋膜张肌皮瓣带蒂移植2例,联合股前侧皮瓣带蒂移植1例.髂腹股沟部供区创面直接闭合,股部供区创面取全厚层皮片植皮覆盖.术后半个月拆线,并进行皮瓣夹蒂训练,术后1个月根据皮瓣夹蒂训练情况酌情断蒂.急诊一期修复2例,二期修复5例.结果 术后7例皮瓣全部存活,供区伤口I期愈合,随访2～6个月,皮瓣柔软,质地良好,皮瓣外形较臃肿,无坏死及破溃.结论 髂腹股沟皮瓣联合股部皮瓣带蒂移植,二者瓦合可覆盖全手及前臂大面积皮肤套脱伤,手术操作简单,安全性高,易于推广;该皮瓣缺点是需二期手术断蒂,且移植皮瓣外形臃肿,需后期整形.     

皮肤回植结合负压辅助闭合技术治疗儿童皮肤脱套伤42例临床分析

目的探讨皮肤回植结合负压辅助闭合技术(VAC)治疗儿童皮肤脱套伤的临床效果。方法 2013年8月至2017年8月,共收治42例大面积皮肤脱套伤患儿,其中四肢32例,躯干部8例,头皮2例,清创后削薄皮肤并原位回植,VAC装置覆盖创面,持续负压封闭引流,7 d后拆除VAC材料,观察皮片成活情况。结果 42例中,回植皮片全部存活29例(69.05%);皮片成活面积大于75%的7例(16.67%),多呈局灶性散在皮片坏死,换药后创面全部愈合;成活面积大于50%且小于75%的6例(14.29%),换药后Ⅱ期植皮创面愈合。结论皮肤回植结合VAC治疗是治疗儿童皮肤脱套伤的有效方法,回植皮肤成活率高,再次手术率低。     

原位超薄皮瓣及皮片回植结合VSD治疗手背皮肤逆行撕脱伤

目的探讨原位带蒂超薄皮瓣(真皮下血管网皮瓣)及皮片回植结合封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)修复手背部皮肤逆行撕脱伤的临床效果。方法 2011年3月至2013年8月,我们采用逆行撕脱皮肤修薄后成带蒂超薄皮瓣及皮片联合体原位回植,结合VSD技术一期修复手背部皮肤逆行撕脱伤27例。男17例,女10例;年龄17~50岁。创面范围2 cm×4 cm~7 cm×12 cm。结果本组23例撕脱皮肤全部一期成活,4例撕脱皮肤远端皮缘部分坏死,经换药后3例创面愈合,1例点状植皮愈合。术后27例均获随访,随访时间6~16个月,外形、质地良好,感觉恢复理想。据潘达德等手指功能疗效评定标准评定,优22例,良3例,可2例,优良率92.6%。结论采用原位超薄皮瓣及皮片回植结合负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)技术,有效I期闭合创面,充分引流,提高回植皮瓣联合体成活率,操作简单、安全,是治疗皮肤撕脱伤理想手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

胸脐皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道胸脐皮瓣四种术式的临床应用效果。方法应用游离胸脐皮瓣四种术式修复前臂、手、小腿、踝前及足背合并骨、肌腱、神经外露的创面151例。其中采用改良带蒂胸脐皮瓣修复前臂及手背创面19例，修复手脱套伤3例，游离胸脐皮瓣直接与受区血管吻合修复创面52例，游离胸脐皮瓣经携带桥式血管吻合修复创面36例，跨脐中线游离胸脐皮瓣修复创面41例。结果术后带蒂胸脐皮瓣全部成活；游离胸脐皮瓣直接与受区血管吻合有2例出现血管危象，经手术探查发现动脉栓塞1例，2例均行自体静脉移植后成活；游离胸脐皮瓣经携带桥式血管吻合的病例，皮瓣全部成活，无血管危象的发生；跨脐中线的超大胸脐皮瓣病例，1例远端皮缘坏死，经换药处理后痊愈。结论根据创面缺损大小选择胸脐皮瓣的四种术式修复均取得良好临床效果。     

手部皮肤撕脱伤的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨手部皮肤撕脱伤的急诊手术治疗效果。方法54例手部皮肤撕脱伤患者全部采用急诊手术方法治疗。其中原位缝合12例,将撕脱皮肤修剪成中厚皮片回植8例,中厚皮片游离植皮9例,腹部带蒂真皮下血管网皮瓣18例,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣6例,筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣1例。结果53例创面成功修复,1例原位缝合术后皮肤约30%坏死,经二期游离植皮修复。54例均获随访,时间6～24个月,皮肤质地柔软,外观满意,感觉、运动功能恢复较好。结论针对手部皮肤撕脱伤不同伤部情况,准确判断皮肤撕脱伤的损伤程度,应用上述方法急诊修复,能最大限度地恢复伤手的外形与功能。     

阴茎皮肤撕脱伤后两种修复方法临床效果的比较

目的 比较阴茎皮肤撕脱伤采用中厚皮片植皮修复与皮瓣移植修复临床效果的差别。方法 2002年5月至2017年12月,共收治阴茎皮肤完全撕脱5例,均为机器绞伤,海绵体及尿道无损伤。3例采用中厚皮片植皮,2例采用髂腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植,修复阴茎软组织缺损。术后定期复查。结果 3例植皮大部分成活,遗留少量创面,经换药后2期愈合。2例皮瓣移植成活良好,1期愈合。术后随访1~3年,植皮3例患者自感外形差,常有不适感,排尿功能受影响,阴茎勃起时受瘢痕牵拉;皮瓣修复2例患者自感外形较满意,阴茎皮肤柔软、松弛,日常无不适,排尿功能正常,阴茎可充分勃起。结论 采用髂腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复阴茎软组织缺损,手术操作简便易行,临床效果优于中厚皮片植皮。     

The reverse radial forearm flap for soft tissue reconstruction of the wrist and hand

Soft tissue defects of the upper extremity must be carefully assessed to determine the most appropriate method of coverage. Direct closure and local flaps represent the most basic techniques on the reconstructive ladder; however, they are inadequate for large or complex defects. Split thickness skin grafts are appropriate for granulating wounds with a bed of vascularized tissue; however, if there is an exposed joint or bone devoid of periosteum or tendon devoid of paratenon, there will be insufficient neovascularization, and the graft will inevitably fail. The reconstructive hand surgeon must then pursue more complicated techniques for wound coverage based upon knowledge of the available pedicled and free flaps. The reverse radial forearm flap potentially offers thin, mobile skin with similar characteristics to the skin over the dorsum of the hand. This flap is more versatile than the groin flap and probably more reliable than the posterior interosseous artery flap for coverage of moderate-sized defects of the dorsal or palmar wrist and hand and is specifically indicated for coverage of degloving injuries of the dorsal wrist and hand, after release of thumb-index finger web space, and for coverage of amputations of the thumb in preparation for toe-to-thumb transfer.     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复腕部创面

目的探讨利用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复腕部创面的治疗效果。方法应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣的穿支血管蒂与前臂骨间后血管或尺动脉腕上支血管吻合移植修复腕部创面13例。结果术后皮辨全部成活,随访平均18月,外形和感觉恢复良好。结论旋股外侧动脉降支血管穿支较多,选择余地大,利用该血管吻接不牺牲前臂主干血管,供区无继发损伤,适合腕部创面的修复。     

Evaluation of moving and static two point discriminations of volar forearm skin before and after transfer as a sensate radial forearm island flap in reconstruction of degloving injury of the thumb.

In degloving injury of the thumb the large skin defect needs cover with sensate, glabrous and pliable skin. Although coverage of this defect with a sensate free flap from the foot is the best choice, most commonly, cover is achieved using a non-sensate distant pedicle flap. Between 2001 and 2003, degloving injuries of the thumb in eight patients were reconstructed using a sensate radial forearm flap in the sensory territory of the lateral ante-brachial nerve of the forearm which was repaired to the digital nerve of the thumb (six cases) or to a branch of the sensory radial nerve (two cases). Follow-up period ranged from 17 to 41 months (mean: 29.9 months). Sensory evaluation was performed using the moving two point discrimination (M-2PD) and static two point discrimination (S-2PD) of the volar forearm skin. These altered significantly after transfer and their values approached those of the contra-lateral thumb but never reached normal sensation (p<0.01). Sensate radial forearm island flap is a reliable option to cover a large defect of the thumb such as degloving injury and the sensation produced is acceptable.     

Deepithelialized reverse pedicled forearm flap: a technical modification useful in hand and wrist reconstruction

Reverse pedicled forearm flap is a reliable and easy option for hand and wrist reconstruction. Between 2000 and 2009, eight patients underwent elective reconstruction of an upper extremity using a pedicled reverse radial forearm flap with a modified technique; a retrospective chart review of the results is presented. The surgically modified procedure is described. The flap donor area is deepithelialized with a dermatome and the split-thickness skin graft obtained is left on the donor site pedicled proximally; the deepithelialized flap is then elevated and rotated with the standard technique and the forearm donor site is covered by repositioning and suturing the skin previously harvested with the dermatome. This useful and easy technical modification allows prevention of post-operative pain and long-term dyschromia in the split-thickness skin graft donor site, making the reverse pedicled forearm flap an even better option in hand and wrist reconstruction.     

改良带蒂旋髂浅动脉皮瓣修复手部及前臂创面

目的探讨改良带蒂旋髂浅动脉皮瓣修复手部及前臂大面积皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2008年6月-2011年6月,收治13例手部及前臂大面积皮肤软组织缺损患者。男9例,女4例;年龄23～64岁,平均41岁。致伤原因:机器绞轧伤2例,钢绳轧伤4例,交通事故伤3例,重物压伤2例,高压电击伤1例,蛇咬伤1例。新鲜创面10例,感染坏死创面3例。创面均伴骨及肌腱外露,皮肤软组织缺损范围为7 cm×3 cm～22 cm×6 cm。8例采用带蒂旋髂浅动脉皮瓣修复,5例采用带蒂旋髂浅动脉复合组织瓣修复。术中切取皮瓣蒂部携带2～4 cm宽皮条及3～5 cm宽软组织筋膜蒂;皮瓣切取范围为12 cm×4 cm～27 cm×8 cm。结果术后1周1例皮瓣部分撕脱出血,4周后断蒂;其余皮瓣均于术后3周断蒂;皮瓣均成活。供区切口Ⅰ期愈合。11例患者获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均20个月。皮瓣色泽、质地好;其中3例皮瓣外形较臃肿,于术后3～6个月行皮瓣修薄术后外形满意。术后6个月皮瓣均恢复保护性感觉。术后6个月根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定手指总主动活动度(TAM),获优9例,良1例,差1例。结论改良蒂部的带蒂旋髂浅动脉皮瓣可修复手部及前臂大面积皮肤软组织缺损,且手术操作简便,供区损伤小。     

游离腹直肌瓣加中厚植皮修复四肢骨及肌腱外露

目的：观察应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复四肢骨,肌腱外露的疗效。方法：应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复前臂桡骨,肌腱外露1例,股骨外露2例,足部骨骼外露5例。结果;腹直肌瓣均全部成活,2例植皮坏死,经再次植皮愈合,外形及功能尚满意。结论：游离腹直肌瓣血管蒂长,口径粗,解剖恒定,操作简便,损伤小,无形成腹壁疝的缺点,游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮具有抗感染力强,顺应性好,无肥厚且外形好的优点。     

Primary reattachment of avulsed skin flaps with negative pressure wound therapy in degloving injuries of the lower extremity

Large avulsed skin flaps of the lower extremity caused by degloving injuries eventually develop skin necrosis in most cases. The current treatment option involves excision of the degloved skin and reapplication as a full- or split-thickness skin graft. We considered that reattachment of avulsed skin flaps without excision would be theoretically beneficial, since some circulation may remain around the connected pedicle and thus facilitate graft take. Furthermore, securing the skin to the original anatomic position is much easier using retained landmarks. We treated a total of 12 patients (13 cases) with degloving injuries of the lower extremity. In all cases, the avulsed skin flap was defatted and sewn back to the original position, then negative-pressure wound therapy was applied over those grafts as a bolster for approximately 7 days. Most of the avulsed skin flap took excellently, particularly close to the connected pedicle. Nine cases did not need any additional surgical procedures. Four cases required secondary skin graft for a small area of open wound due to partial necrosis of the defatted skin, as well as the raw surface left by the primary skin defect in the initial operation. Primary reattachment of the avulsed skin flaps without excision is convenient and efficient to cover the open wound over the exposed fascia and periosteum in degloving injuries. This would potentially offer a better alternative to definitive wound closure.     

A Comparison of Full and Split Thickness Skin Grafts in Radial Forearm Donor Sites

To formally evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes between full versus split thickness skin graft coverage of radial forearm free flap donor sites. A retrospective chart review of 47 patients who underwent pedicled or free radial forearm free flap reconstruction from May 1997 to August 2004 was performed. Comparisons were made between patients who had donor site coverage with split thickness skin grafts (STSG) or full thickness skin grafts (FTSG). There was no statistically significant difference between the STSG and FTSG in the number of post-operative dressings, incidence of tendon exposure, time to healing at the skin graft donor site, and time to healing at the skin graft recipient site. The questionnaire data showed there was a trend toward higher scores with the radial forearm scar aesthetics and satisfaction in the FTSG group. Full thickness skin graft coverage of radial forearm free flap donor site is superior to split thickness skin graft coverage in terms of aesthetic outcome, and has no statistically significant difference in terms of tendon exposure, time to healing at the skin graft donor site, time to healing at the skin graft recipient site, or post operative pain.