切开复位微型锁定钛板内固定治疗Bennett骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨切开复位微型锁定钛板内固定治疗Bennett骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-06—2019-10采用微型锁定钛板内固定治疗的25例Bennett骨折,术中切开显露骨折端,解剖复位后选择大小合适的Y或T型掌指骨板固定,近端至少采用2枚螺钉穿过骨折线,修复断裂的韧带和破裂的关节囊,透视见骨折复位及内固定满意后采用舟骨支具保护。结果 25例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均11.2个月。25例均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间4～8周,平均5.1周。未出现断板、断钉、术后感染、局部疼痛综合征以及骨关节炎等并发症。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分0.4～0.6分,平均0.5分。患肢拇指外展88.5°～91.0°,平均89.0°;患肢拇指内收5.5°～8.0°,平均7.0°。掌指关节屈曲54.0°～56.0°,平均55.0°;掌指关节伸展9.5°～13.0°,平均12.0°。指间关节屈曲70.5°～73.0°,平均72.0°;指间关节伸展19.0°～22.5°,平均21.0°。握力31.2～41.5 kg,平均35.9 kg。挟持力7.2～11.6 kg,平均9.1 kg。手指关节总活动度恢复疗效:优24例,良1例。优良率100%。结论切开复位微型钛板内固定治Bennett骨折可以获得满意解剖复位,术后内固定牢固,早期可开展功能锻炼,手部功能恢复满意,为临床治疗Bennett骨折提供了更多的选择,值得在临床进一步推广。     

微型外固定架治疗闭合性第一掌骨基底关节内骨折

目的回顾分析应用微型外固定架治疗第一掌骨基底关节内骨折的使用方法和疗效。方法2011年3月-2013年3月,对21例第一掌骨基底关节内闭合性骨折患者采用微型外固定架治疗。I型（Bennett骨折）15例,Ⅱ型（Rolando骨折）6例。C型臂透视下复位骨折并用微型外固定架固定,如骨折移位明显或复位后不稳定则加用克氏针固定。术后早期功能锻炼,定期检查和评估患指影像学结果,记录患指的vAS评分和双侧拇指的握力、捏力、TAM、外展角度。结果术后随访3-24个月,平均10．7个月。所有患者骨折均愈合,愈合时间6-12周,平均7．7周。最终随访时,患侧拇指握力、捏力、TAM和外展角较健侧分别减少1．4％,0．8％,1．2％和5．5％,差异均无统计学意义。4例患者出现第一腕掌关节炎．关节炎的发生与关节面复位程度无明显相关性。结论微型外固定架治疗第一掌骨基底关节内骨折方法可靠、疗效确切、软组织损伤小、固定可靠、恢复快、并发症少,可以推广应用。     

陈旧性第一掌骨基底部骨折脱位的手术治疗

目的总结手术治疗陈旧性第1掌骨基底部骨折脱位(Bennett骨折)疗效。方法 2012年2月—2015年3月,采用韧带松解联合克氏针固定方法治疗10例陈旧性Bennett骨折患者。其中男8例,女2例;年龄24~44岁,平均35.3岁。伤后至手术时间为5~14周,平均7.5周。术前拇示指捏力为1~3级,平均1.8级。术后石膏外固定4~8周,骨折愈合后去除克氏针,期间在康复师指导下进行功能锻炼。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。10例均获随访,随访时间7~16个月,平均12.5个月。X线片及CT检查示第1腕掌关节对位好,无再脱位发生;骨折均愈合,愈合时间2~4个月,平均3.5个月。1例伤后14周手术患者,术后第1腕掌关节仍存在持续疼痛症状,X线片检查见关节毛糙、间隙变窄,证实第1腕掌关节炎形成;其余患者无关节炎发生,第1腕掌关节处无明显疼痛,关节稳定。末次随访时,拇示指捏力为3~12级,平均6.8级。根据手指关节总活动度(TAM)系统评定方法评价疗效,优7例,良2例,差1例,优良率90%。结论对于陈旧性Bennett骨折,通过适当松解桡背侧韧带联合克氏针内固定治疗,可取得良好疗效。     

大多角骨切除加肌腱固定术治疗第一腕掌关节炎的疗效观察

目的介绍大多角骨切除加肌腱固定术治疗第一腕掌关节炎的手术方法及疗效。方法以大多角骨完全切除加部分桡侧腕屈肌腱固定第一掌骨基底部的方法治疗第一腕掌关节炎11例。测量患侧手术前后及健侧腕关节和拇指的活动度、握力和捏持力,进行统计学分析。结果11例中的10例随访1～3年,平均2年3个月,比较术后和术前腕关节及拇指活动范围和握力及捏持力,术后有明显的增加,术前、术后相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后与健侧对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大多角骨切除加桡侧腕屈肌腱固定第一掌骨基底部治疗第一腕掌关节炎是一种可行的方法值得临床推广。     

手指关节内骨折的治疗

目的 探讨手指关节内骨折脱位的内固定方法及其疗效.方法 1994年6月-2007年1月,对25例28处手部关节内骨折的患者,分别采用张力带钢丝、微型螺钉和克氏针夹扣法固定的方法进行治疗.并比较三种固定方法在近节指骨基底撕脱性骨折、近侧指间关节各型骨折的应用选择及效果.结果 术后随访3个月～11.5年,平均6.4年.术后28处骨折均愈合.根据主观和客观征象进行评定:优25处,良3处.X线片征象显示:优23处,良5处(为陈旧骨折).手指关节活动度为55°～110°,平均70°.结论 对手指关节内骨折,应重视骨折的精确复位和关节周围韧带的保护、修复,指间关节侧方骨折脱位采用张力带钢丝固定或微型螺丝钉固定,指间关节背侧和掌侧撕脱性骨折采用克氏针夹扣法固定可获得较满意的疗效.     

陈旧性Bennett骨折的解剖病理特点及手术治疗

目的 探讨陈旧性Bennett骨折的解剖病理特点、手术治疗及预后. 方法 2008年8月至2010年4月共收治13例陈旧性Bennett骨折患者,男12例,女1例;年龄17 ～42岁,平均34.3岁.受伤至手术时间为4～12周(平均7.9周).所有患者经X线检查确诊后手术治疗,适当松解第1腕掌关节桡背侧韧带复合体,清理骨折间隙,解剖复位并固定关节骨折块,对腕掌关节行克氏针固定.术后石膏固定4周后,拔除经关节克氏针,并行渐进性功能锻炼.每月复查X线片. 结果 所有患者术后获6～24个月(平均14个月)随访.全部患者骨折均获愈合,平均愈合时间为3个月,未发生关节再脱位等并发症.1例合并大多角骨关节软骨损伤,其他12例均无明显疼痛.按总主活动度系统评定法评定拇指功能:优9例,良2例,中1例,差1例,优良率为84.6％.结论 第1腕掌关节桡背侧韧带复合体发生瘢痕挛缩是陈旧性Bennett骨折的病理特点,将影响桡背侧关节的骨折块复位.术中适当骨膜下松解桡背侧关节囊韧带复合体是获得桡背侧关节骨折块解剖复位的关键.受伤时间超过3个月、合并大多角骨关节软骨损伤可能是影响陈旧性Bennett骨折预后的重要因素.     

桡侧腕屈肌腱悬吊结合掌骨间韧带重建治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎

目的 评价大多角骨切除,桡侧腕屈肌腱悬吊结合掌骨基底间韧带重建治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎的疗效.方法 采用Schekker技术,应用大多角骨切除,桡侧半桡侧腕屈肌腱重建第一、二掌骨基底间韧带,并与剩余肌腱自身悬吊控制掌骨基底背侧半脱位,并形成肌腱填塞物内置大多角骨切除遗留空间控制掌骨下沉等手术步骤,治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎6例.术后手部功能评价指标包括握力(grip strength),捏力(key-pinch),第一腕掌关节直观模拟疼痛标尺法(visual analogue scales,VAS)及第一腕掌关节有效活动度评分(Kapandji score),术后12个月随访X线前后位片第一掌骨基底-舟骨远关节面间距,评价手术疗效.结果 术后随访时间为12～ 26个月,平均15个月.手术前后疼痛(VAS)平均分值为7.0/1.6;握力平均为11/22 kg;捏力平均为1.8/3.4 kg;Kapandji score 平均为6.0/8.7;12个月时测量X线前后位片第一掌骨基底-舟骨远关节面间距平均值为8.8mm.结论 大多角骨切除,桡侧腕屈肌腱动力性悬吊结合掌骨基底间韧带重建,最大程度地接近了该部位韧带解剖及生物力学方面的结构,可有效治疗第一腕掌关节骨关节炎.     

带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合17例

目的探讨带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的方法及疗效。方法采用带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入及可吸收钉内固定治疗17例腕舟骨骨折不愈合患者,术后石膏固定拇指掌指关节固定于对掌位4～6周,早期康复训练。结果17例患者均达到骨性愈合,背伸45°～50°,掌屈55°～60°,手部握力平均提高2级。随访6～18个月,优14例,良2例,可1例,优良率94.1%。结论带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折操作简便,创伤小,疗效好,易推广,为治疗腕舟骨陈旧性骨折的较好方法。     

腕背桡侧入路掌侧“T”型钢板内固定治疗巴尔通掌侧型骨折

目的探讨采用腕背桡侧入路掌侧"T"型钢板内固定手术治疗巴尔通掌侧型骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2005年1月至2013年3月巴尔通掌侧型骨折患者20例,给予腕背桡侧入路掌侧"T"型钢板内固定手术治疗。观察手术时间、术后并发症及骨折愈合时间,复查X线片,测量桡骨关节面掌倾角和尺偏角,采用放射学Lidstrom评分标准评价术后桡骨关节面恢复情况,采用Gartland-Werley评分标准评价腕关节功能恢复情况。结果术后随访6~28个月,平均14.3个月。平均手术时间67.2 min,平均骨折愈合时间8.4周,有1例患者出现肌腱黏连,经功能锻炼后恢复,无神经血管损伤、内固定物松动、断裂等严重并发症发生。X线片示掌倾角9°~19°,平均11.5°;尺偏角17°~25°,平均22.6°,桡骨轴向无短缩。桡骨关节面Lidstrom评分优良率为95.0%,腕关节功能Gartland-Werley评分优良率为95.0%。结论腕背桡侧入路掌侧"T"型钢板内固定手术治疗巴尔通掌侧缘骨折,关节面达解剖复位,固定牢固可靠,关节功能恢复良好,并且手术并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

可吸收线和钢丝张力带治疗髌骨移位性骨折的对比研究

目的：比较可吸收线和钢丝张力带治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法：30例髋骨骨折患者随机分为可吸收张力带张（15例）和钢丝张力带组（15例）。随访时间1年，按术后X线片和关节功能恢复情况评定疗效。结果：2组病例平均骨折愈合时间为8周，关节功能均正常，临床治疗效果无明显差异，骨折愈合后可吸收线张力带组无明显的皮肤刺激部，而钢丝张力带组皮肤刺激感明显存在，结论：可吸收线张力带组内固定能达到同样固定效果，皮肤刺激小，二期手术有只需小切口，无需取张力带的优点。     

Closed reduction intermetacarpal Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of unstable fractures of the base of the first metacarpal

The purpose of this study was to describe the results of extra-articular and intra-articular fractures, at the base of the first metacarpal, treated with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with intermetacarpal Kirschner wires. Outcome was evaluated by experienced pain, functional outcome and radiographic indications for arthritis. In total, 25 patients with unstable fractures at the base of the first metacarpal underwent closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of the fracture. Prospectively collected data of 25 consecutive patients were evaluated retrospectively, assessing stability of fixation, operation time and the occurrence of fracture dislocation during and after treatment. All patients were assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 months. Follow-up included questionnaires: functional tests including grip and pinch measurement and radiographic analysis for post-traumatic arthritis, using the modified Eaton-Littler classification. In total, 15 patients with extra-articular fractures and 10 patients with intra-articular fractures were treated with this technique. In the group of extra-articular fractures of 15 patients, only one patient had loss of grip strength greater than 20% in comparison with the contra-lateral side (corrected for hand dominance). No clinically important difference was found for pinch strength. One patient experienced functional limitations and was unable to return to a previous hobby. In the patients group with intra-articular fractures, seven patients had a Bennett fracture and three a Rolando fracture. One patient with a Bennett fracture had a loss of pinch strength greater than 20% corrected for hand dominance. One of the three patients with a Rolando fracture had grip loss greater than 20%. None of the patients with intra-articular fractures experienced any functional limitations. The described fixation procedure results in a stable fixation of the fracture fragments, and no secondary dislocation of the fracture occurred. Fractures consolidated within 32 (26-50) days and no new fractures were observed. These results suggest that this technique can be safely used in the treatment of extra-articular fractures as well as intra-articular fractures at the base of the first metacarpal.     

7-year follow-up after open reduction and internal screw fixation in Bennett fractures

Background

Bennett fractures are unstable, and, with inadequate treatment, lead to osteoarthritis, weakness and loss of function of the first carpometacarpal joint. This study focuses on long-term functional and radiological outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation.

Methods

Between June 1997 and December 2005, 24 patients with Bennett fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with screws at our center. Radiological and functional assessments including range of motion of the thumb and pinch and grip strength were performed 4?months post-procedure and at the long-term follow-up, on average 83?months after surgery.

Results

Reduction of the Bennett fracture was maintained as it was at the time of the procedure in 96?% of the cases when fixation with two lag screws was performed. At the 4-month follow-up, mean pinch and grip strength reached 92?±?3 and 89?±?4?% of the contralateral side, respectively. Long-term follow-up demonstrated no correlation between the accuracy of the fracture reduction and the development of post-traumatic arthritis.

Conclusion

Good clinical results could be observed, if successful reduction of the fracture was achieved and maintained. However, there was no correlation between the accuracy of the fracture reduction considering a gap and step <2?mm and the development of arthritis.     

Tension Band Wiring for Treatment of Extra Articular Fracture of the Base of First Metacarpal

Eleven patients with unstable extra-articular fractures of the base of the first metacarpal with angulations more than 30° uncorrected by closed reduction were treated by open reduction and tension band fixation. Ten men and one woman with a mean age of 36.18 years. Fall on a stretched hand was the cause in eight while a punch in two and trauma from a basket ball in one. The mean follow up period was 12.45 months. All fractures united within a mean of 4.36 weeks. Patients were evaluated by subjective and objective criteria: the mean of pain was 0.5, quick-DASH was 10.48 and Kapandji score was 9.8. While the mean of the grip strength was 94 % and the pinch strength was 99 % of the contra lateral hand. There were no complications except local irritation of the k-wires in two patients that had to be removed at 4 months. Tension band technique proved to be a valuable technique which is easy to apply and gives rigid fixation with early mobilization.     

The intermetacarpal double pinning in the surgical treatment of Bennett fracture (report of 24 cases)

ObjectivesThe interest of this work is to show the benefits of surgical treatment of Bennett fractures by intermetacarpal double pinning.Patients and methodsIt is a retrospective study of 24 cases of Bennett fracture treated by intermetacarpal double pinning, between January 2005 and December 2009. The treatment was surgical for all patients. The intermetacarpal double pinning using the technique of Iselin has been reserved for fractures with small fragment found in the series in 18 cases (72% of operated patients), and by Tubiana in six cases (24%).ResultsAfter a mean of 36 months, we could follow only 21 patients, the evaluation of results was based on clinical criteria relevant to pain, mobility and the pinch grip, and on criteria after radiological analysis of radiographs specific trapezo-metacarpal. All fractures were consolidated. Two cases of moderate osteoarthritis were observed. Overall, the results were excellent in 15 patients (71%), good in four patients (19%) and poor in two patients (10%).ConclusionIntermetacarpal double pinning is a technique of choice in surgical treatment of Bennett fracture. It ensures a good closed reduction and a satisfactory functional result.     

Basal thumb metacarpal osteotomy for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis

PURPOSE: To review the subjective and functional results of basal thumb metacarpal osteotomy for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. METHODS: Between July 1993 and November 1998, 35 thumb osteotomies without internal fixation were performed on 33 patients in the Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. Records of 28 thumbs (13 right and 15 left) of 26 patients (17 women and 9 men) were available for review. Patients were reviewed using strength testing and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of the 26 patients was 54 years (range, 30-69 years). Of the 28 thumbs, 22 (21 patients) had good or excellent results, 2 fair, one poor. The remaining 3 thumbs (3 patients) required further revision and were classified as failures. The mean follow-up period of the 25 thumbs (24 patients) not requiring revision was 34 months (range, 12-73 months). Good thumb motion was present in all hands with no trapeziometacarpal instability seen. Compared with the normative data, the strengths of key pinch, pulp pinch, and tripod pinch of our patients were significantly lower (22-32% lower), but not the grip strength. Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire scores increased 28 (range, 1-56) points after surgery, with significant improvement especially in pain (+44 points), activities of daily living (one-handed tasks, +41 points), and satisfaction (+35 points). CONCLUSION: Basal thumb metacarpal osteotomy is a straightforward, conservative procedure that should be considered for grades II and III trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis.     

Non-operative treatment of displaced avulsion fractures of the ulnar base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

Treatment of displaced or rotated avulsion fractures of the ulnar base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb remains controversial. There is limited information on the outcome of management of these injuries by non-surgical means. We undertook a retrospective follow-up study of the non-operative treatment of these fractures. The study included 28 thumbs that were stable to lateral stress testing at the time of initial investigation. The patients were treated by immobilisation of the thumb in a spica cast. The mean follow-up interval was 2.5 years (range 1-4). None of the patients changed their permanent employment or was unable to participate in their usual sporting activities. Twenty-six patients (93%) reported no pain on movement of the thumb. At follow-up, grip and pinch strengths did not differ significantly on the injured and non-injured sides. No thumbs showed instability on stress testing. The fractures had a 40% rate of bony union and 60% rate of fibrous non-union. All the patients were satisfied with their outcome. None of the patients was operated on after treatment. Non-operative treatment is recommended in cases of displaced or rotated avulsion fractures provided that there is no lateral instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Patients with unstable thumbs should always be treated surgically.     

Osteosynthetisch versorgte intraartikuläre Frakturen der Metakarpale-I-Basis

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the thumb metacarpal occur quite frequently at the base. Intra-articular metacarpal base fractures (such as Bennett or Rolando fractures) present treatment challenges and surgical therapy remains controversial. Malunion of these fractures may lead to the development of painful osteoarthrosis at the trapeziometacarpal joint which can seriously impair overall hand function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective analysis, 30 intra-articular fractures (24 Bennett's, three Rolando's and three comminuted fractures) treated between 1994 and 1999 in the Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in Ludwigshafen have been reviewed. A total of 25 patients (83%) could be examined clinically and radiologically at an average follow-up of 39 months. The subjective outcome was measured using the DASH-questionnaire. Clinical examination included grip strength and range of motion measurements. RESULTS: Four cases were treated with percutaneous pinning, in 26 cases open reduction with internal fixation was performed. Radiological analysis demonstrated good reduction in 90% of all cases (metacarpal base gap/step-off in articular surface: <1 mm in 63%, between 1-2 mm in 27%, >2 mm in 10%). Twelve patients (48%) were free of symptoms at follow-up. Slight restricted flexion was noted in 11 (44%) patients (75-90% of healthy collateral values), including one patient with moderate opposition deficit (<75% of uninjured value). Three patients (12%) demonstrated weakness in tip pinch and one patient had decreased key pinch compared to the uninjured hand. Overall, good functional results for radial abduction, flexion and opposition as well as good grip strength compared to their uninjured side were found. At follow-up a total of 64% radiological features of trapeziometacarpal arthrosis have been documented. Very low impairment rates in the DASH-scores of all three parts (below 9 points) were measured. There was no correlation between the quality of thumb base restoration and radiological or subjective outcome. CONCLUSION: Exact anatomical restoration of the articular surface may not be essential for obtaining satisfactory functional results.     

NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF DISPLACED AVULSION FRACTURES OF THE ULNAR BASE OF THE PROXIMAL PHALANX OF THE THUMB

Treatment of displaced or rotated avulsion fractures of the ulnar base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb remains controversial. There is limited information on the outcome of management of these injuries by non-surgical means. We undertook a retrospective follow-up study of the non-operative treatment of these fractures. The study included 28 thumbs that were stable to lateral stress testing at the time of initial investigation. The patients were treated by immobilisation of the thumb in a spica cast. The mean follow-up interval was 2.5 years (range 1-4). None of the patients changed their permanent employment or was unable to participate in their usual sporting activities. Twenty-six patients (93%) reported no pain on movement of the thumb. At follow-up, grip and pinch strengths did not differ significantly on the injured and non-injured sides. No thumbs showed instability on stress testing. The fractures had a 40% rate of bony union and 60% rate of fibrous non-union. All the patients were satisfied with their outcome. None of the patients was operated on after treatment. Non-operative treatment is recommended in cases of displaced or rotated avulsion fractures provided that there is no lateral instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Patients with unstable thumbs should always be treated surgically.     

Biomechanical comparison of interfragmentary compression in transverse fractures of the olecranon

Compression and absolute stability are important in the management of intra-articular fractures. We compared tension band wiring with plate fixation for the treatment of fractures of the olecranon by measuring compression within the fracture. Identical transverse fractures were created in models of the ulna. Tension band wires were applied to ten fractures and ten were fixed with Acumed plates. Compression was measured using a Tekscan force transducer within the fracture gap. Dynamic testing was carried out by reproducing cyclical contraction of the triceps of 20 N and of the brachialis of 10 N. Both methods were tested on each sample. Paired t-tests compared overall compression and compression at the articular side of the fracture. The mean compression for plating was 819 N (sd 602, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and for tension band wiring was 77 N (sd 19, 95% CI) (p = 0.039). The mean compression on the articular side of the fracture for plating was 343 N (sd 276, 95% CI) and for tension band wiring was 1 N (sd 2, 95% CI) (p = 0.038). During simulated movements, the mean compression was reduced in both groups, with tension band wiring at -14 N (sd 7) and for plating -173 N (sd 32). No increase in compression on the articular side was detected in the tension band wiring group. Pre-contoured plates provide significantly greater compression than tension bands in the treatment of transverse fractures of the olecranon, both over the whole fracture and specifically at the articular side of the fracture. In tension band wiring the overall compression was reduced and articular compression remained negligible during simulated contraction of the triceps, challenging the tension band principle.     

Internal suture for mallet finger fracture

An internal suture technique has been used for mallet finger fractures involving at least 30% of the articular surface. It provides fixation without a button or transfixion of the fragment. An independent retrospective review was conducted of ten patients at a mean follow-up of 17 months. Mean visual analogue score (0 to 10) for pain was 2.4 and satisfaction 7.9. Mean active range of motion was 13 to 49 degrees, passive motion was 2 to 56 degrees, pinch strength of effected finger to thumb was 3.8 kgf (81% of the opposite finger), grip strength 37.9 kgf (95% of the opposite hand). All fractures united and there were no neuromas. Complications included two nail deformities, a superficial infection and a pin track infection. One patient with a crush injury continued to have pain despite an arthrodesis.