CT引导下肝尾叶肝癌的射频消融治疗

目的：探讨CT引导下肝尾叶肝癌射频消融治疗的疗效及安全性。方法选择肝尾叶肝癌患者21例,共计21个病灶（最大病灶大小约为4.6 cm×4.8 cm）行CT引导下RFA治疗。结果病灶完全坏死率为90.5％（19／21）。所有患者均未出现严重不良反应及并发症,并发症多为术后疼痛、胸膜反应、肝包膜下出血等。结论肝尾叶肝癌行RFA治疗安全有效。     

超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的评价B超引导下冷循环射频肿瘤治疗仪射频消融(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效及并发症。方法采用超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌25例,其中转移性肝癌8例,原发性肝癌17例。每个病灶进行RFA1～2次。其中8例患者术前给予3次TACE治疗。术后通过增强CT扫描评价疗效。结果10个病灶完全坏死,余15个病灶大部分坏死。随访半年,25例患者现全部存活且生存质量明显提高。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌短期效果满意,值得推广。     

重复射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效观察

目的评价经皮肝穿刺重复射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法将88例原发性肝癌患者按单次射频消融及重复射频消融的方法分为2组,观察每组肿瘤完全消融率、肿瘤复发率及不良反应的发生情况。结果2组均未发生出血、胆漏等严重的不良反应。单次射频消融组肿瘤的完全消融率为62．5％,重复射频消融组为87．5％,2组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）;单次射频消融组肿瘤的复发率为20．0％,重复射频消融组为4．2％,2组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论重复射频消融可有效提高原发性肝癌的临床治疗效果。     

TACE联合RFA 治疗原发性肝癌的疗效观察

目的：探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合超声引导下射频消融（RFA）治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法100例原发性肝癌患者,按治疗方法不同分为两组：联合治疗组45例,即为采用TACE联合超声引导下RFA ,单用 TACE组只进行T ACE治疗55例。随访并比较两组的1、2、3年生存率。结果45例联合治疗组患者共接受治疗187次,其中T A‐CE治疗113次,RFA治疗74次。55例单独TACE组共接受治疗196次。经过首次治疗后1个月,联合组肿瘤完全坏死率为73％,单用TACE组肿瘤完全坏死率为38％,两组坏死率有统计学差异（ P ＝0．001）。随访2～35月,平均19个月,单用T ACE组1、2、3年生存率分别为70％,50％,11％;联合治疗组1、2、3年生存率分别为90％,82％,67％,两组间差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。两组患者术后主要并发症为发热、肝区疼痛、肝功能下降、少量胸腔积液,其发生率两组间无统计学差异。结论 TACE联合RFA 治疗原发性肝癌比单用TACE治疗的疗效更好。     

超声引导下射频消融治疗甲状腺良性结节27例

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗甲状腺良性结节的临床效果.方法 选取2012年12月至2014年11月在超声引导下行经皮RFA术治疗的27例甲状腺结节患者,术后1、3、6个月超声观察病灶变化,计算体积及病灶缩小率,彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)和超声造影检测病灶血流信号消失程度.结果 经皮RFA术均成功,无中转开放手术,术后造影病灶处均无血流灌注;术中感牙痛2例,停止消融牙痛即缓解.1例消融后有声音嘶哑,未处理,3个月后声音恢复.RFA治疗后1、3、6个月,结节体积均有不同程度的缩小,CDFI和超声造影检测病灶内均无血流信号和血流灌注,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在随访过程中,消融区未出现对比剂重新填充的现象.高频超声检查显示,3枚结节在术后6个月完全消失,22枚结节消融于1年后直径缩小1/2,8枚结节消融于1年后直径缩小至不足1/2.与术前比较,治疗后1年内,所有结节直径明显缩小,数据具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后1周甲状腺功能指标有明显改变,术后1个月恢复术前水平.结论 超声引导下的RFA治疗能有效缩小并使其结节性甲状腺肿结节体积及直径消失,并发症较少,不影响甲状腺功能,创伤小,临床效果显著,是一种可行、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

The Value of Radiofrequency Ablation in the Special Sites of the Liver Cancer by Combining Ultrasound Guided with CT Monitoring

目的 探讨超声引导联合CT监视在特殊部位肝癌射频治疗中的应用价值.方法 采用超声引导联合CT监视经皮射频治疗45例(75个病灶)特殊部位肝癌患者.统计消融术中、术后的并发症情况.1个月后复查CT、MRI资料,观察病灶的消融情况.结果 消融术中无严重并发症,15例(33.3％)术后出现一过性发热;16例(35.6％)出现腹痛;3例顽固性咯呃逆;6例(13.3％)出现恶心.射频治疗后1个月随访显示,邻近膈肌13个病灶,其中病灶完全消融12个(92.31％);邻近胆囊8个病灶,完全消融6个(75％);邻近肠管5个病灶,完全消融5个(100％);邻近大血管9个病灶,其中病灶完全消融8个(88.89％),邻近胆管14个,其中病灶完全消融13个(92.86％).45例患者仅1例靠近胆囊患者出现肝内肿瘤新生,无一例出现肝外转移.结论 超声引导联合CT监视射频治疗特殊部位肝癌疗效满意,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广.     

彩色多普勒超声引导射频消融治疗肝硬化合并小肝癌的疗效观察

目的观察彩色多普勒超声引导下,射频消融治疗肝硬化合并小肝癌患者的临床疗效。方法将120例合并肝硬化的小肝癌患者采用超声引导射频消融治疗,观察其术后近、远期疗效及生存率。结果 120例患者共165个肿瘤,首次完全消融达到80.0%,术后第1、3、5年的总体无瘤生存率分别为80.0%、32.5%、30.0%。肿瘤直径≤3 cm组和>3 cm组比较,≤3 cm组近期疗效优于>3 cm组。结论彩色多普勒超声引导射频消融治疗肝硬化合并小肝癌治疗效果好,对肝功能影响小,并发症少。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞序贯冷循环射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的体会

目的 评价肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合冷循环射频消融术（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法 65例原发性肝癌分为单纯TACE治疗组31例,TACE联合冷循环射频消融术治疗组（TACE＋RFA组）34例。治疗后通过DSA、CT、超声检查及血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）测定评价。结果 单纯TACE组的肿瘤完全坏死率、复发率、1年生存率分别为16．1％、48．4％、48．4％,TACE＋RFA联合组分别为47．1％、17．7％、79．4％,两组比较有极显著统计学差异（P〈0．01）;单纯TACE组的肿瘤缩小率、AFP下降率分别为22．6％、19．4％,TACE＋RFA联合组分别为32．4％、44．1％,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 TACE＋RFA较单纯TACE治疗中晚期肝癌效果好,是治疗中晚期肝癌的一种有效方法,值得提倡。     

超声引导经皮射频消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效分析

目的：探讨超声引导经皮射频消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法对我院接受超声引导经皮射频消融治疗的56例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料进行分析。结果在术后1周,超声检查显示肝癌病灶为不均匀的回声增强,边界模糊,范围大于原病灶,内无血流信号,1个月后病灶表现为高回声,增强CT示病灶无强化。本组56例患者中8例患者的AFP在正常范围内,为14．29％（8/56）,术前及术后均＜10ng/ml,其余48例患者AFP值均不同程度地增高。结论超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗是一种安全有效的微创治疗法,值得临床推广。     

经皮射频消融治疗巨大肝癌

目的总结冷循环射频消融(RFA)治疗巨大肝癌的临床疗效和经验。方法采用CT引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗巨大肝癌24例,每个病灶进行射频消融1～4次,其中22例患者结合1～6次TACE治疗,术后通过增强CT或MR评价疗效,所有病例随访12～37个月。结果10例病灶完全坏死,余14例病灶大部分坏死,1年生存率83%,中位生存时间20个月,13例患者现仍存活。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗巨大肝癌安全、有效。     

乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影与CT增强扫描的对比研究

目的:探讨乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影(CEUS)血流灌注特点及其与CT增强扫描的差异。方法:选择CT增强扫描提示为乏血供肝转移瘤的12例(20个病灶)行常规超声及造影检查。二维超声观察病灶的部位、大小、边界、内部回声;CEUS观察病灶各期的强化模式、强化水平,重点观察动脉期(0～25s),并与CT增强扫描进行比较。结果:12例共20个病灶,CT增强扫描动脉期:1个病灶轻度增强(5%),11个环形强化(55%),2个不均匀强化(10%),6个无强化(30%)。CEUS动脉期:11个病灶弥漫性均匀强化(55%),7个环形强化(35%),2个不均匀强化(10%)。结论:CEUS显示乏血供肝转移瘤动脉期血供情况优于CT增强扫描;对于CT增强扫描怀疑为乏血供肝转移瘤患者,尤其是单发转移瘤,CEUS检查对临床诊断和治疗有很大帮助。     

超声造影与增强CT对肾癌的诊断分析

目的:本研究旨在比较超声造影(CEUS)和增强CT(CECT)在肾癌病灶中的诊断价值,探讨超声造影在肾癌的诊断价值。方法:对54例患者临床诊断为肾脏内占位性病灶进行CEUS和CECT检查,通过分析病灶CEUS和CECT的特点,比较两种方法的诊断效能。结果:54个病灶中34个为肾脏恶性肿瘤,20个为肾脏良性病灶,CEUS和CECT诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.05%、85.0%、92.59%、91.67%、94.44%与91.18%、80.00%、87.04%、88.57%、84.21%。两种方法诊断差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:分析比较CEUS和CECT在诊断肾癌过程中,两种方法诊断效能无明显差异,均能为临床诊断提供重要依据,但CEUS对微循环灌注方面及假包膜的观察优于CECT;CEUS定量评价肾肿瘤血管现处于动物实验阶段,临床上特异指标的找寻仍有待于进一步研究。     

11C-5-hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomography after radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases

AimThe aim was to assess the feasibility of ¹¹C-5-hydroxy-tryptophan positron emission tomography (¹¹C-5-HTP-PET) in the follow-up after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).BackgroundContrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are commonly used to evaluate the liver after RFA of NETs. In general, ¹¹C-5-HTP-PET is more sensitive in the visualization of NETs, but no studies have investigated its role after RFA.MethodsSix consecutive patients with liver metastases from NETs were subjected to RFA treatment. All patients underwent baseline imaging before RFA and on two occasions (1–2 and 6–11 months) after RFA. The imaging consisted of ¹¹C-5-HTP-PET, CEUS and CECT on all three occasions.ResultsThirty RFA areas were evaluated, and residual tumors (RTs) were depicted in eight areas (22%). ¹¹C-5-HTP-PET depicted RTs after RFA with maximum sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%), using radiological follow-up as the gold standard. ¹¹C-5-HTP-PET detected five out of eight RTs earlier than CECT or CEUS. In general, the sensitivity of ¹¹C-5-HTP-PET exceeded that of CECT and CEUS for early visualization of NET liver metastases.Conclusion¹¹C-5-HTP-PET can be used in the follow-up after RFA for the purpose of detecting RT, and it provides additional information to CEUS and CECT by detecting new lesions.     

术中CEUS与MRI评价肝肿瘤微波消融早期疗效的应用

目的 探讨术中超声造影（contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS）与同期MRI在肝肿瘤微波消融术后早期（术后24h内）疗效的评价价值.方法 41例患者49个病灶微波消融后行术中CEUS及同期（6～24h）MRI检查,明确消融范围,发现肿瘤残存及时补救消融,与随访结果对照观察评价准确性.结果 术中CEUS及同期MRI判断消融疗效符合率分别为91.8％ （45/49）和95.9％ （47/49）,对肝肿瘤消融早期疗效评价及消融后病灶变化范围的比较,二者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 术中CEUS及同期MRI均可准确地判断微波消融后肿瘤灭活程度及微波消融范围,二者联合应用是微波消融术后早期疗效评价的有效方法.     

Evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor vascularity using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as a predictor for local recurrence following radiofrequency ablation

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the hypervascularity of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) prior to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a significant risk factor for local recurrence after RFA.Materials and methodsInstitutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Overall, 208 patients (mean age, 71.7 years; range, 50–87 years; 137 men, 71 women) with 282 HCCs treated with RFA were analyzed retrospectively. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 15.7 mm. We compared the abilities of CEUS and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) to detect hypervascularity in HCCs. We then classified the HCCs into two groups according to the arterial-phase CEUS findings: a “hypervascular group” with whole or partial hypervascular areas within the lesions compared with the surrounding liver parenchyma, and a “non-hypervascular group” with isovascular or hypovascular areas within the lesions. We assessed the cumulative rate of local recurrence after RFA, and we also evaluated the risk factors for local recurrence using a univariate analysis.ResultsThe detection rate for hypervascular HCCs was significantly higher using CEUS (78%, 221/282) than that using CECT (66%, 186/282) (P < 0.001). Using the CEUS findings, the cumulative rate of local recurrence was significantly higher in the hypervascular group (41.2%, 56/221) than in the non-hypervascular group (18.4%, 6/61) (P = 0.007). A univariate analysis revealed that hypervascularity on CEUS was an independent risk factor for local recurrence (P = 0.010).ConclusionHypervascularity in HCCs as observed using CEUS is a significant risk factor for local recurrence after RFA.     

Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions—A comparison of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) by comparison with conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in solid pancreatic lesions.

Method

Ninety patients with solid pancreatic focal lesions were enrolled, including 36 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 28 cases of pancreatitis, 6 cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, 12 cases of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas, 6 cases of pancreatic metastases, 1 case of cavernous hemolymphangioma and 1 case of lymphoma. US and CEUS were applied respectively for the diagnosis of a total of 90 cases of solid pancreatic lesions. The diagnostic results were scored on a 5-point scale. Results of CEUS were compared with CECT.

Results

(1) 3-score cases (undetermined) diagnosed by CEUS were obviously fewer than that of US, while the number of 1-score (definitely benign) and 5-score (definitely malignant) cases diagnosed by CEUS was significantly more than that of US. There was a significant difference in the distribution of final scores using the two methods (p < 0.001). The overall diagnostic accuracies of the 90 cases for CEUS and US were 83.33% and 44.44%, respectively, which indicated an obvious advantage for CEUS (p < 0.001). (2) The diagnostic consistency among three ultrasound doctors: the kappa values calculated for US were 0.537, 0.444 and 0.525, compared with 0.748, 0.645 and 0.795 for CEUS. The interobserver agreement for CEUS was higher than that for US. (3) The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma with CEUS and CECT were 91.7% and 97.2%, 87.0% and 88.9%, and 88.9% and 92.2%, respectively, while for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, the corresponding indices were 82.1% and 67.9%, 91.9% and 100%, and 88.9% and 90%, respectively, showing no significant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

CEUS has obvious superiority over conventional US in the general diagnostic accuracy of solid pancreatic lesions and in the diagnostic consistency among doctors. The performances of CEUS are similar to that of CECT in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and focal pancreatitis.     

Enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT

The aim of this study was to compare the enhancement pattern of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with that on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). 40 pathologically proven ICC lesions in 40 patients were evaluated retrospectively with both CEUS and CECT. The enhancement level and pattern in the dynamic phases on both CEUS and CECT were analysed. The diagnostic results of CEUS and CECT before pathological examination were also recorded. During arterial phases, the number of lesions that appeared as (i) peripheral irregular rim-like hyperenhancement, (ii) diffuse heterogeneous hyperenhancement, (iii) diffuse homogeneous hyperenhancement and (iv) diffuse heterogeneous hypoenhancement were 19 (47.5%), 9 (22.5%), 5 (12.5%) and 7 (17.5%), respectively, on CEUS, and 22 (55.0%), 3 (7.5%), 2 (5.0%) and 13 (32.5%), respectively, on CECT (p = 0.125). In the portal phase, the number of lesions showing hyperenhancement and hypoenhancement were 1 (2.5%) and 39 (97.5%), respectively, on CEUS, and 15 (37.5%) and 25 (62.5%) on CECT (p = 0.0001). CEUS made a correct diagnosis in 32 (80.0%) lesions before pathological examination; CECT made a correct diagnosis in 27 (67.5%) lesions (p = 0.18). In conclusion, the enhancement patterns of ICC on CEUS were consistent with those on CECT in the arterial phase, whereas in the portal phase ICC faded out more obviously on CEUS than on CECT. CEUS had the same accuracy as CECT in diagnosing ICCs, and so can be used as a new modality for the characterization of ICC.     

超声造影鉴别子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌瘤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影对子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌瘤鉴别诊断的应用价值。方法:对38例不典型子宫病灶患者行超声造影检查,全部病例均经手术或超声引导穿刺活检证实。结果:本组经病理诊断子宫肌瘤22例,常规超声诊断符合率86.4%,超声造影诊断符合率95.5%;子宫腺肌瘤16例,常规超声诊断符合率81.3%,超声造影诊断符合率93.8%。子宫肌瘤表现为瘤体周边首先灌注呈环状强化,并分支进入瘤体内部,然后内部迅速强化;子宫腺肌瘤则表现为多支、较粗大、短线状增强信号从病灶周边进入内部,继之内部迅速强化。结论:超声造影显示子宫肌瘤与子宫腺肌瘤的血流灌注具有不同的灌注模式和特征,为两者鉴别诊断提供更准确的信息。     

改良射频消融术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床应用和效果评价

目的应用改良射频消融技术治疗子宫肌瘤,与常规射频消融术比较观察临床效果。方法 142例子宫肌瘤患者共164枚肌瘤,瘤体直径2.0~6.3 cm,用随机数字表法分为常规射频消融术治疗组(常规组)60例,改良射频消融术治疗组(改良组)82例,分别采用射频消融技术及在此基础上增加治疗时间、术后取瘤并局部降温的方法进行治疗。采用三维彩超测量术前及术后1、3、6个月时子宫及肌瘤体积,比较两组患者的子宫及肌瘤缩小率,观察临床治愈率、总有效率和术后并发症发生率。结果常规组、改良组射频消融后1个月子宫缩小率分别为9.54%和10.14%,肌瘤缩小率分别为32.56%和36.59%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月及6个月时两组患者的子宫缩小率分别为32.52%、44.81%和42.51%、60.73%,肌瘤缩小率分别为48.28%、54.44%和61.30%、68.43%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月时常规组、改良组患者的治愈率分别为63.33%(38/60)和78.05%(64/82),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),总有效率分别为95.00%(57/60)和98.78%(81/82),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后常见并发症包括下腹疼痛、阴道流血、阴道排液、发热。改良组的并发症发生率为10.98%(9/82),低于常规组的23.33%(14/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良射频消融术治疗子宫肌瘤后明显缩小子宫和肌瘤体积,临床效果显著,术后并发症少,可以作为微创治疗子宫肌瘤的主要方法。     

超声造影在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声造影在乳腺肿瘤中的鉴别诊断价值。方法通过对经病理证实的139例148个乳腺肿瘤病灶分析,比较常规超声与超声造影联合常规超声诊断结果的差异。结果148个病灶中,病理结果显示良性病灶76个,恶性病灶72个。超声造影联合常规超声在对恶性肿块诊断中的灵敏度为86．1％,特异度为93．4％,准确率为89．9％,均优于单纯常规超声（灵敏度为79．2％,特异度为88-2％,准确率为83．8％）,差异具有统计学意义。结论超声造影的应用可以有效提高超声对乳腺肿瘤良恶性的鉴别能力。