Laparoscopy appendicectomy is feasible and safe in acute appendicitis

Our initial experience of using laparoscopy to perform appendicectomy for acute appendicitis has shown that the operation is feasible, safe and as effective as open surgery in early appendicitis. The precise role of laparoscopic appendicectomy will need to be defined by a prospective randomised trial.     

Appendicectomy in Western Australia: profile and trends, 1981-1997

OBJECTIVE: To measure and describe changes in the incidence of appendicectomy in the population of Western Australia (WA) for 1981-1997. DESIGN: Population-based incidence study using hospital discharge data. SETTING: All hospitals in WA (1981-1997). PATIENTS: All patients who underwent an appendicectomy in WA hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the incidence of appendicectomy procedures over time; age-standardised rates and age-sex profiles of four appendicectomy subgroups: (1) acute emergency admission, (2) other emergency admission, (3) incidental appendicectomy and (4) other appendicectomy. RESULTS: From 1981 to 1997, there were 59,749 appendicectomies in WA hospitals. The age-standardised rate of appendicectomy declined by 63% in metropolitan females, by 44% in non-metropolitan females, by 41% in metropolitan males and by 21% in non-metropolitan males. The rate of decline was significantly greater in females and in metropolitan patients. From 1988 to 1997, acute emergency admission for appendicectomy was the most common admission status and was more common in males than females (122 v 103 per 100,000 person-years) and in non-metropolitan areas. The rate of incidental appendicectomy was higher among females than males (20 v 7 per 100,000 person-years). From 1988 to 1997, recorded diagnosis coding for appendicitis became more specific, with a marked reduction in the use of the "unspecified" appendicitis code. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of appendicectomy has declined markedly in WA and includes a decline in the practice of incidental appendicectomy. The trend was greatest in the metropolitan hospitals.     

Intraperitoneal haemorrhage from a ruptured corpus luteum. A cause of "acute abdomen" in women

During the 10-year period 1974-1983, 68 patients with intraperitoneal haemorrhage as a result of the rupture of a corpus luteum were managed at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Most of the patients were aged between 18 and 35 years. In 63% of the patients the rupture occurred between the 14th and the 35th day of the menstrual cycle, and 10 patients had intraperitoneal bleeding severe enough (450-1500 mL) to require blood transfusion. The condition is often confused with other surgical emergencies such as appendicitis and ectopic pregnancy. An increased awareness of the problem in women of reproductive age and the use of laparoscopy, when indicated, will allow a more conservative approach to be adopted for those patients with minimal bleeding. The performance of an appendicectomy in the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity did not appear to increase morbidity in those patients with a preoperative diagnosis of "appendicitis".     

Caecal diverticulitis--a review of eight cases in Taiping, Malaysia

Most patients presenting with acute right sided peritonitic pain are diagnosed and managed as acute appendicitis. In a series of 336 patients, eight were found to have caecal diverticulitis. The occurrence of such diverticula appears to be more frequent in Asian populations. The diagnosis can be established at operation on the basis of surgical findings. The aim of this retrospective review is to discuss the management of such patients when acute diverticulitis is found at the time of appendicectomy. It is advocated that management be conservative where possible, with appendicectomy and antibiotics. Where the possibility of a carcinoma remains, investigation after surgery by colonoscopy may be undertaken.     

106例阑尾脓肿的临床分析

目的探讨阑尾脓肿的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性总结分析该院收治的106例阑尾脓肿患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果 74例行抗感染治疗,后期行阑尾切除,21例立即行阑尾切除,11例行B超引导下穿刺引流,所有患者恢复良好。结论阑尾脓肿容易复发,个体化的治疗非常重要。     

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix.

Two cases of carcinoma of the appendix presenting as appendicular masses are discussed. Carcinoma of the appendix is rare and hence a pre-operative diagnosis is seldom made. Awareness of the condition would naturally arouse suspicion of its presence, especially in elderly patients who present with cute appendicitis or an appendix mass. It is known to have occurred in an appendix stump several years after the initial appendicectomy, and also in a 17-year-old patient. The need for histological examination of all appendicetomy specimens is stressed. The operation of choice is right hemicolectomy, either as a primary or as a secondary procedure. This is associated with better survival rates than when the condition is treated by appendicectomy alone.     

Stump appendicitis

A case having right lower quadrant abdominal pain in a 26-year-old female who underwent appendicectomy one year back is presented. Recurrent appendicitis was noted in appendiceal stump. Although rare, stump appendicitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain.     

腹腔镜在有腹部手术史肠梗阻诊治中的应用价值

①目的 探讨腹腔镜技术在有腹部手术史的肠梗阻病人诊治过程中的应用价值。②方法 回顾总结32例有腹部手术史肠梗阻腹腔镜诊治术的临床资料。③结果 腹腔镜对肠梗阻的诊断符合率达97．3％，但腹腔镜肠粘连松解术的完成率仅有46．9％，主要是受手术设备、器械和术者经验的限制。④结论 经腹腔镜探查后开腹肠粘连松解术可最大程度地减少手术创伤，明显降低术后粘连的再发生率，有效地提高病人术后的生活质量。腹腔镜对有腹部手术史肠梗阻的诊治价值较大。     

三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术898例报告

目的　探讨三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术的应用。方法　对 1998年 9月以来行三孔法电视腹腔镜阑尾切除术 898例进行的临床观察。结果　 893例在三孔法腹腔镜下完成阑尾切除。 5例中转开腹 ,戳孔感染率 0 .2 3 % .无 1例发生肠粘连梗阻及内出血、粪瘘。平均住院 4天。结论　经腹腔镜行阑尾切除术为阑尾炎首选治疗方式。     

腹腔镜在腹部刀刺伤治疗中的应用（附7例报告）

目的:分析应用腹腔镜经原创口诊断与治疗腹部外伤的临床价值。方法:2005年7月至2008年2月,对具有剖腹探查指征的7例腹部外伤患者使用腹腔镜经原创口诊断,并根据镜检结果决定镜下治疗或中转开腹手术。结果:7例腹部外伤患者均于镜下作出正确诊断,4例镜下手术,2例可免治疗性处理,1例中转开腹手术,全组均治愈出院。结论:腹腔镜诊治腹部外伤具有创伤小、安全可靠、诊断率高,并有效降低阴性剖腹探查率等优点,适用于部分腹部外伤的病例。     

Diagnostic laparoscopy: role in management of acute pelvic pain

Laparoscopy is valuable in the definitive diagnosis of pelvic pain of uncertain aetiology. A clinical diagnosis of pelvic pain was made in 67 patients, but was confirmed by laparoscopy in only 34. In 36 patients in whom a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy had been made this was confirmed at laparoscopy in 21, while six of 26 positive laparoscopic diagnoses of ectopic pregnancy were unsuspected clinically. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease was diagnosed correctly on clinical grounds in only eight of 22 patients; in the other 16 patients the diagnosis was first made at laparoscopy. In these 16 patients there was poor correlation with the bacteriological results of cervical smears and cultures. Of 30 patients in whom a preoperative clinical diagnosis had not been made, laparoscopy showed normal pelvic viscera in 12. Similarly, in another eight of the 68 patients thought to have organic pelvic pathology on clinical grounds, the laparoscopic findings were normal. Apart from establishing a definitive diagnosis, laparoscopy has been found to be a safe procedure, and one of considerable cost effectiveness in terms of hospital stay.     

Minimally invasive techniques in common surgical procedures: Implications for training

Background Laparoscopic techniques are increasingly used in common surgical procedures. Many of these procedures are used to teach basic surgical trainees (BST) and therefore introduction of these techniques may have implications for training. Aims To establish whether the introduction of laparoscopic techniques reduced the opportunity of BSTs to perform surgical procedures. Methods Patients undergoing hernia repair or appendicectomy in 1991 (when laparoscopy was first introduced) and 1997 (when laparoscopy was readily available) were identified using the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) database. The principal operator and whether the procedure was open or laparoscopic were identified by chart review. Results The data showed a 50% reduction in the number of appendicectomies performed by BSTs following the introduction of laparoscopic techniques. The number of hernia repairs performed by BSTs has been preserved but the proportion by BSTs fell from 10 to 6%. The proportion of BST-performed procedures carried out laparoscopically has been reduced compared with the registrar-performed group. Conclusions The use of minimally invasive techniques has had a negative effect on surgical training. Appropriate measures must be taken to minimise this and such measures should include a structured approach to laparoscopic training and greater access to laparoscopic training facilities.     

腹腔镜在急腹症和腹部外伤诊治中的应用体会

目的:探讨应用腹腔镜诊断和治疗外科急腹症及腹部外伤的价值。方法:回顾分析腹腔镜在85例外科急腹症和腹部外伤应用中的临床资料。结果:85例中有29例在不明病因的情况下由腹腔镜确诊,确诊率为100%,其中26例在腹腔镜下治疗,3例中转开腹;56例在已明病因下用腹腔镜治疗,其中2例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔术后出现腹腔脓肿。56例中1例因胃穿孔延误了手术时机而死于感染性休克,其余均痊愈出院,治疗成功率为98.2%。结论:腹腔镜技术在外科急腹症诊断及治疗中具有独特的优势,既可明确诊断,又能同时进行治疗,且有良好的临床应用价值。     

急诊腹腔镜在妇科急腹症中的应用

目的探讨急诊腹腔镜在诊治妇科急腹症中的诊断价值和手术治疗经验,对其手术适应证作进一步探讨分析。方法回顾性总结我院自2007年5月～2010年1月间,应用急诊腹腔镜诊断和治疗急腹症218例的临床资料,采用腹腔镜手术的患者120例为实验组,采用开腹手术的妇科急腹症98例为对照组,回顾分析比较两组的手术情况和术后情况。结果 120例均经腹腔镜探查确诊并有118例在腹腔镜下成功实施手术治疗（占98.3%）。实验组手术时间、出血量、术后离床时间、住院时间、术后2d体温〉38℃的患者数,经统计分析均P〈0.05,具有显著差异性,实验组优于对照组。结论腹腔镜手术创伤小,恢复快,术中出血少,住院时间短,只要掌握好适应证,用腹腔镜明确急腹症的诊断以及腹腔镜下急腹症的手术治疗比传统开腹手术有较多优势。     

腹腔镜探查术与开腹探查术在诊断不明急腹症中的临床比较研究

目的探讨腹腔镜在诊断不明急腹症中的应用价值.方法随机将120例诊断不明的急腹症患者分为两组,分别行腹腔镜探查术和开腹探查术各60例,比较两者的治疗效果.结果腹腔镜组60例全部在腹腔镜下获得明确诊断,其中同时完成治疗48例,无需手术治疗5例,中转开腹7例,中转开腹率11.7%.两组在手术耗时、术后疼痛、术后切口感染、术后住院时间上差异有显著性.结论腹腔镜诊断和治疗原因不明急腹症具有诊断率高、创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,具有很好的临床应用价值.     

腹腔镜技术对不明原因腹水的诊断价值

①目的 探讨诊断性腹腔镜技术对不明原因腹水的诊断价值。②方法 对56例经多种影像学检查难以明确病因的腹水病人行诊断性腹腔镜检查。③结果 腹腔镜检查病人无手术并发症，52例病人得到明确诊断，诊断明确率达92．8％。④结论 诊断性腹腔镜技术可作为不明原因腹水病人安全准确的诊断方法。     

宫腔腹腔镜联合应用在不孕症诊治中的临床应用

目的：探讨官腔腹腔镜联合应用在不孕症诊治中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析笔者所在医院2009—2011年收治的82例不孕症患者的临床资料,所有患者均采取宫腔腹腔镜联合诊断和治疗。结果：宫腔腹腔镜联合诊断发现本组82例不孕症患者中慢性盆腔炎37例,子宫内膜异位症23例,多囊卵巢12例,卵巢囊肿6例,宫腔粘连4例。经宫腔腹腔镜联合治疗后,输卵管通畅48例（58．5％）,通而不畅19例（23．2％）,不通15例（18．3％）。对患者进行6～12个月的随访,发现术后妊娠43例,妊娠率为52．4％。结论：宫腔腹腔镜联合手术治疗不孕症,对患者创伤小,术后恢复快,术后并发症的发生率较低,妊娠率较高,是一种安全有效的治疗不孕症的方法,值得临床进一步推广使用。     

宫腔镜及腹腔镜在诊治宫内节育器并发症中的应用

目的研究官腔镜及腹腔镜在诊治宫内节育器（IuD）并发症中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析应用官腔镜及腹腔镜处理42例IUD并发症的情况。结果42例具有异常或异位的IUD成功地由官腔镜和腹腔镜取出，其中38例移位、变形、嵌顿、断裂、残留在官腔的IUD以官腔镜取出，4例异位盆腹腔的IUD在腹腔镜下取出。结论官腔镜及腹腔镜诊断处理IUD并发症具有诊断明确、手术成功率高、创伤小的优点，腹腔镜处理异位于子宫外的IUD优于剖腹手术。     

Acute appendicitis in inguinal hernia: report of two cases

We report two cases of acute appendicitis in right incarcerated inguinal hernia (Amyand's hernia). One patient had gangrenous appendicitis that affected the adjoining caecum. A limited right hemicolectomy was done by extending the groin incision laterally and proximally. The second patient had simple appendicectomy. Posterior wall was repaired using nylon darn in both cases. Acute appendicitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructed right inguinal hernia.     

Bifid blind-ending ureter--a case report

An interesting case of bifid blind-ending ureter occurring in a young Indian girl is reported. She presented with severe recurrent right iliac fossa pain for which she underwent appendicectomy which did not resolve her symptoms. Subsequent urological investigation--IVU and retrograde pyeleogram--revealed the genuine diagnosis. Surgical excision of the blind-ending branch was successful in relieving the intractable pain. A review of the literature on this uncommon congenital urological problem is outlined stating its clinical significance and treatment options.