Factors influencing boys' age at first intercourse and condom use in the Shantytowns of Recife, Brazil

Despite the general recognition that the sexual practices of adolescent boys place them at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, and of causing unwanted pregnancies, advances in mapping their sexual behaviors have been slow. This study uses data recently collected from low-income areas of the city of Recife, Brazil, to study boys' age at first sexual intercourse and factors that hinder their use of condoms. These boys become sexually active at early ages, and despite their general awareness of HIV, they rarely use condoms, especially at ages younger than 15. Sustained family involvement in guiding boys is associated with later first intercourse and an increased use of condoms. Boys who describe themselves as shy with girls have later first intercourse, although the probability of their using condoms does not differ from that of other boys of their age. Higher socioeconomic status leads to earlier sexual activity for boys (in contrast with girls), but also to a greater likelihood of using condoms during first intercourse.     

男男性行为者异性性行为特征及影响因素分析

目的 了解北京市男男性行为者的异性性行为特征及其影响因素.方法 于2006年11月～2007年2月,在北京市招募男男性行为者进行问卷调查,了解其社会人口学和高危性行为特征.结果 47.1%(255/541)的人曾与女性发生过性行为,在多因素Cox比例风险模型中,文化程度低(HR=1.98,95%CI=1.54～2.56);性行为方式以异性为主(HR=2.92,95%CI=2.06～4.15);与男男性行为者首次异性性行为的发生差异有统计学意义.13.9%(75/541)的人近3个月与女性发生过性行为,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄＞26岁(OR=2.0,95%CI=1.12～3.56)、性行为方式以异性为主(OR=24.2,95%CI=11.1～52.6)和近1个月喝醉过(OR=2.6,95%CI=1.3～5.0)与男男性行为者近3个月发生异性性行为的关系差异有统计学意义.结论 应采取相应措施控制人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)从男男性行为者向其女性性伴扩散.     

男男性行为人群无保护性肛交行为及其影响因素研究进展

近年来,我国MSM人群HIV感染率呈逐年上升趋势,该人群具有多性伴、无保护性肛交等高危行为。本文对无保护性肛交行为的流行情况以及年龄、文化程度、性伴数量与类型、新型毒品滥用、歧视等影响因素的研究进展进行综述,为开展该人群的靶向干预,预防和控制HIV在MSM人群中的蔓延提供参考。     

Factors associated with age at first intercourse: a population-based study

First sexual intercourse is considered an important event in young people's lives and has occurred at an increasingly early age. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with early age at first intercourse in individuals 18 to 24 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 1,621 young people from August 2007 to December 2008. Subjects answered a questionnaire on health behaviors, including items related to their sexual lives. Cox regression was used to assess the association between early age at sexual initiation. After multivariate analysis, variables that are directly related to early sexual initiation were: male gender, low socioeconomic status, low schooling, divorced parents, living with a partner, not practicing a religion, smoking, drug use in the previous three months, and non-use of condoms during last intercourse. Considering the current social context, the study highlights the need for adequate sexual orientation with a preventive approach.     

Increase in unprotected anogenital intercourse among homosexual men.

Results are presented from two sources, data of which indicate an increase in high-risk sexual behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among homosexual men. The number of cases of gonorrhea among homosexual and bisexual visitors to municipal sexually transmitted disease clinics in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, is increasing. An increase was also observed in unprotected anogenital intercourse among homosexual participants in the Amsterdam cohort. These findings indicate that a rebound in the behavior change process among homosexual men is occurring. Furthermore, longitudinal behavioral data show that lapse and relapse into unsafe sex are prevalent in the Amsterdam cohort.     

Childhood precursors of age at first intercourse for females

Age at first intercourse for a sample of adult white women using variables measured during childhood is predicted. Childhood predictors were measured at birth, and ages 5 and 9–11, using existing public-use data on the women. Median age at first intercourse for the sample was 17.5 years. Early family predictors, early developmental characteristics, and temperamental characteristics during childhood together could predict about a fourth of the variance in age at first intercourse. The strongest predictors were motor skills and nightmares at age 5, church attendance with family at age 9, and domineering and mature personality at age 9.This research was supported by grants R01-HD23454 and P30-HD05798 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, April 30–May 2, 1992.     

Factors associated with gender differences in parent-adolescent relationships that delay first intercourse in Japan

Background: To determine the factors associated with gender differences in parent‐adolescent relationships that delay first intercourse in Japan. Methods: Japanese high school students aged 15‐18 years (female = 632 and male = 636) completed a questionnaire that evaluated the relationship with their parents. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the parent‐adolescent relationship (including the quality of parent‐adolescent communication, the frequency of parent‐adolescent sexual communication, parental disapproval of the adolescent’s sexual behavior, parental monitoring, parental psychological control/autonomy, and satisfaction with the parent‐adolescent relationship) and the adolescent’s sexual behavior. We explored student gender differences in each of the relationship patterns: mother‐female student, mother‐male student, father‐female student, and father‐male student. Results: Parental monitoring was statistically associated with delay of first intercourse in female students. While the same influences were present for male students, they also were influenced by parental disapproval of the adolescent’s sexual behavior. Furthermore, more parental communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was related to delaying an adolescent’s first intercourse except for the relationship of father‐female student. Conclusions: This study suggests that gender differences in parent‐adolescent relationships delay first intercourse in Japan.     

The resolution of teenage first pregnancies

First conceptions occuring in tennage women in the U.S., the outcomes of the pregnancies, the marital status of the teenage women at conception and at the outcome, whether the pregnancy was intended or not, and whether contraception was used to prevent the pregnancy are discussed. It was determined that 30% of a cross section of teenage women have had premarital intercourse and 58% of those married had premarital intercourse. Of those experiencing premarital intercourse, 30% were pregnant before marriage, i.e., fewer than 10% of all females 15-19. Twice as many blacks have premarital intercourse than whites, and twice as many of these become pregnant. 35% of those who have a premarital first pregnancy marry before the baby is born. 64% of premarital first pregnancies are unintended. Of those who did not want to become pregnant, 13-16% used contraception to prevent the premarital pregnancy. 86% of births to blacks from first pregnancies are illegitimate compared with 23% for whites. More than 1/5 of the women who do not marry end the pregnancy by induced abortion. White teenagers who do not marry prior to the outcome of the pregnancy are 7 times more likely to have an induced abortion than blacks. 18% of the whites who have illegitimate births from first pregnancies give up their children for adoption compared with 2% blacks. Fewer than 30% of postmarital first pregnancies of teenage women are unintended. Blacks appear to display less anxiety than whites over illegitimate births. It may be that escape via abortion and marriage is less accessible to blacks than to whites both economically and psychologically.     

Cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Jamaica

A literature review was undertaken to identify key factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Jamaica. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we first categorised these factors to develop a theoretical taxonomy that can be used to help health intervention planners to understand and address the phenomenon. Next, we examined the validity of this initial taxonomy by comparing it with cultural factors identified in semi-structured focus group discussions with Jamaican teenage mothers. Cultural factors identified in the initial literature review – such as parental interaction and control, the intergenerational transmission of teenage pregnancy and experiences of sexual abuse – were largely confirmed and built upon. Results highlight promising opportunities for health communication among young women in Jamaica with a focus on self-efficacy, resilience and positive cultural factors.     

Friends' influence on adolescents' first sexual intercourse

CONTEXT: Social-psychological theories of health behavior suggest that adolescents' sexual behaviors are influenced by the sexual attitudes and behaviors of their friends. METHODS: Data on 2,436 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) who were sexually inexperienced at Wave 1 (1994-1995) were analyzed to examine whether friend-related variables predicted initiation of vaginal intercourse by Wave 2 (1996). Analyses also assessed whether predictive relationships varied by level of involvement with friends. Odds ratios were generated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the 9-18 months between Waves 1 and 2, 18% of participants initiated intercourse. In analyses controlling for gender, family structure and romantic relationships, the higher the proportion of a youth's friends who were sexually experienced, the greater the odds of sexual debut (odds ratio, 1.01); the odds also were elevated among youth who believed that they would gain their friends' respect by having sex (1.2). Relationships between friend variables and sexual initiation did not vary by level of involvement with friends. CONCLUSIONS: To maximize the likelihood of success, programs focused on delaying teenage sexual intercourse should address norms for sexual behavior among adolescents' close friends as well as the perceptions, skills and behaviors of individual youth.     

Patterns of HIV risk and preventive behaviors among teenage men.

Analyses of the 1988 National Survey of Adolescent Males indicate the prevalence of risk behaviors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, including sexual, contraceptive, and drug use behaviors, among 15- to 19-year-old men. About three-fifths had sexual intercourse, indicating that a majority of teenage men have at least some potential exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or sexually transmitted disease. From a behavioral perspective, the average sexually active teenage man used a condom more than half the time in the 12 months before the interview. Those with most experience with sexual intercourse, however, used condoms least frequently. More important from an epidemiologic perspective, a third of all acts of intercourse in the prior year were protected using condoms. Further, behaviors with the greatest direct risks for HIV infection, such as homosexual intercourse, use of intravenous drugs, and sex with intravenous drug users or prostitutes, appear to be relatively uncommon. Teenage men who demonstrate high-risk behavior, including both sexual and substance abuse, compound their risks, because risks generally are correlated. Condom use is a preventive behavior that is negatively correlated with most risk behaviors; those who have multiple partners, or who are substance abusers, tend to use condoms least. The convergence of risks for multi-problem teenage men indicates the relevance of interventions directed to high-risk youths.     

Relationship between adolescent-parental communication and initiation of first intercourse by adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the level of communication between parents and adolescents and correlate the findings with onset of sexual intercourse. METHODS: This was a 10-year longitudinal study. Subjects filled out questionnaires at the time of each health supervision visit. The data in this article were harvested at enrollment and at the 5-year point. Comparisons of adolescent-parental communication were first compared between the virginal and nonvirginal groups at the initiation of the study. The results were then confirmed by adding data from patients in the virginal group who converted over the first 5 years of the study to the nonvirginal group. Two hundred and three patients, aged 12-21 years, were studied from a pediatrician's practice panel in Middleton, Wisconsin. The questionnaires inquired about grades and activities school, relationship with siblings and parents at home, and risk-taking behaviors involving alcohol, drugs, and sex with peers. Statistical analysis included the Student's t-test to determine the mean difference between groups. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the association of variables to the status of patients' sexual activity at enrollment. Multiple logistic regression was conducted on the initial enrollment data to examine the association between the initial covariates and patients' sexual status. RESULTS: During the initial survey, 172 enrolled patients were in the virginal group and 31 in the nonvirginal group. The virginal group had a higher rating of communication with their parents after adjusting for age (p <.001). To verify these findings, we examined an additional 29 patients in the virginal group who converted to nonvirginal status during the first 5 years of the study. We then compared the level of adolescent-parental communication between the subgroup who converted to nonvirginal status with the level of communication of the subgroup who remained virgins. Even after correcting for age, communication with the mother was significantly better in patients who maintained their virginal status (p <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Teenagers who perceive that they have a better level of communication with their parents are less likely to engage in sexual intercourse.     

Factors influencing sensory-specific satiety.

In the first part of this study, subjects tasted small portions of a set of foods (rating set) and rated their liking of these foods before and after eating a serving of one of the foods (test meal). These foods were chosen to vary in both macronutrient composition and sensory qualities. Measurements of hunger were taken before and after the test meal. The amount of sensory-specific satiety produced by a test meal differed depending on the food eaten. There was a trend for high-protein foods, which were also the least-liked foods, to decrease more in liking than low-protein foods. Buttered rolls and Coke, when eaten as test meals, dropped the least in liking. Initial liking and the variety of sensory qualities within a food were investigated as potential factors which could influence sensory-specific satiety. Subjects tasted and rated their liking of the test meals, which varied in the level of initial liking and the level of variety of sensory qualities within a food, before and after eating. There was a non-significant trend for the less-liked test meals to drop more in liking than the well-liked test meals. There was also a slight trend for the low-variety test meals to drop slightly more in liking than the intermediate and high-variety test meals.     

The relationship context of contraceptive use at first intercourse

CONTEXT: Despite widespread efforts to increase contraceptive use to prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases among sexually active adolescents, most prior work examining adolescent contraceptive use does not explicitly recognize that sexual decision-making inherently involves both partners in a couple. METHODS: An analytic sample of 1,593 females who first had intercourse during adolescence (prior to age 18) was drawn from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression techniques were used to model the effects of sexual partners' characteristics and relationship type on contraceptive use at first intercourse and contraceptive method selected at first intercourse. RESULTS: Approximately 31% of respondents used no contraceptive method at first intercourse. Roughly half (52%) of adolescents who had just met their sexual partner used no method, compared with 24% of those who were going steady. Whereas 75% of teenagers who practiced contraception at first intercourse used a condom, 17% relied on the pill. In multivariate models, net of other variables, adolescents who had just met their partner had 66% lower odds than those who were going steady of practicing contraception at first intercourse. Individual-level factors that influenced contraceptive use at first intercourse were age at first intercourse, race or ethnicity family type, parents' education, grades in school and receipt of birth control education prior to first intercourse. Differences between respondents and their partner in age and race or ethnicity mostly were not significantly related to method use at first intercourse. One exception was that adolescents who first had sex with a man six or more years older had reduced odds of practicing contraception. Type of relationship was significantly associated with method selection only among adolescents who were just friends with their first partner, who had higher odds of using "other" methods rather than the condom. Variables associated with pill use rather than condom use were age at first sex, race, family type, mother's education and school grades. CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts to understand contraceptive choice among adolescents should focus on relationship features. Research on the decision-making process surrounding contraceptive use may benefit from treating this as a partner decision and not just as a decision made by one member of the couple. Further research examining the qualities of the relationship may provide important clues for understanding adolescent contraceptive choice.     

女大学生首次性行为非意愿性分析

目的了解女大学生首次性行为非意愿性状况及影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取湖北省武汉市在校女大学生5 076人,以匿名自填方式进行问卷调查。结果女大学生有性行为(性交)者占18.10%;19.81%的女大学生首次性行为是迫于感情压力,4.29%是迫于暴力;首次性行为年龄≤18岁的学生中24.72%由于迫于感情压力,而首次性行为年龄18岁的学生中迫于感情压力的占18.43%,二者差异有统计学意义(2χ=4.402,P=0.036);医科或艺术专业(OR=2.381,OR=1.633)、父亲是农民或科技人员及教师(OR=2.577,OR=2.087)、读大学感到迷茫或抑郁(OR=1.565,OR=1.516)、反对婚前性行为(OR=1.886)的学生首次性行为非意愿性均较高;有宗教信仰(OR=0.628)、父母对恋爱和性的态度既不保守也不开放(OR=0.629)的学生非意愿性相对较低。结论女大学生首次性行为有非意愿性情况存在,并受多种因素影响。     

Factors influencing a communitywide campaign to administer hepatitis A vaccine to men who have sex with men

OBJECTIVES: A hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) led to a publicly funded vaccination campaign. We evaluated the MSM community's response. METHODS: A cohort of MSM from 5 community sites was surveyed. RESULTS: Thirty-four (19%) of 178 potential vaccine candidates received the vaccine during the campaign. We found a linear relation between the number of exposures to campaign information and the likelihood of vaccination (P < .001). Vaccination was independently associated with awareness of the outbreak and the vaccine, having had sexual relations with men for 12 years or longer, having recently consulted a physician, and routinely reading a local gay newspaper. CONCLUSIONS: The difficult task of vaccinating MSM can be aided by repetitive promotional messages, especially via the gay media.     

2010年中国艾滋病疫情网络直报现状与分析

  目的  了解2014 — 2018年江苏省南京市新报告HIV阳性男男性行为（MSM）人群婚姻的相关因素及配偶HIV检测情况。  方法  从国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统中筛选出南京市2014 — 2018年新报告的达到法定结婚年龄（≥ 22岁）、通过同性性传播HIV阳性的MSM人群,用SPSS 20.0软件分析其婚姻状况和配偶检测情况。  结果  共2 197例HIV阳性MSM人群纳入分析,其中“有婚姻”组人数为795例,占36.2 %,无婚姻组为1 402人,占63.8 %。logistic回归分析显示30～39岁（aOR = 10.411,95 % CI = 7.700～14.077）、40～49岁（aOR = 41.079,95 % CI = 27.995～60.277）和 ≥ 50岁（aOR = 72.873,95 % CI = 45.405～116.958）有婚姻比例明显高于20～29岁年龄组;学历为高中/中专（aOR = 1.945,95 % CI = 1.426～2.653）和初中及以下（aOR = 2.756,95 % CI = 1.957～3881）有婚姻比例大于大专及以上学历组;职业为工人/农民/渔民（aOR = 1.585,95 % CI = 1.039～2.417）有婚姻比例最高;现住址为外地（aOR = 1.448,95 % CI = 1.099～1.907）的有婚姻的比例明显高于本地;和失访的病例相比,能随访（aOR = 5.963,95 % CI = 1,641～21.664）的病例有婚姻比例较高。有婚姻组的配偶HIV阳性检出率为12.8 %（37/290）。  结论  南京市HIV阳性MSM人群有婚姻比例随着年龄增长不断增加,尽早发现病例,尽快进行配偶告知和检测有利于减少HIV的婚内传播。