Short-term impact of cognition-motivation-emotional intelligence-resistance skills program on drug use prevention for school students in Wuhan,China

Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approaches that work best to prevent the initiation of Chinese adolescent drug use.For targeting risk factors of drug initiation in Chinese adolescents,a school-based health intervention program named "Cognition-Motivation-Emotional IntelligenceResistance Skills" (CMER) was developed to enhance cognition upon drug use,to decrease motivation of drug use and to improve emotional adjusting and drug resistance skills in this study.A total of 798 students from 3 senior high schools in Wuhan,a city in central China,were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups.The intervention group received the CMER program in which knowledge,development of positive attitude and motivation towards drugs and training of peer resistance skills were basic elements.The immediate impact was compared by measuring the above mentioned elements prior to and three-month after the training session.Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic items,self-reported drug use behavior,cognition,attitude,and motivation associated with the initiation of drug use and resistance skills.Three months after the intervention,significant effects were found on "illegal substance use at least once" (P<0.05) between the intervention and control groups.Immediate effects of the intervention were also found on knowledge,motivation and peer resistance skills (P<0.05),but there was no clear evidence for any effects on attitude towards substance use (P>0.05).It was concluded that the CMER program,which significantly increased the knowledge of drugs and peer resistance skills,was effective in the drug abuse prevention in a sample of school students in Wuhan,China.     

Evaluation of the effect of interventions for the female drug abusers

Objective To investigate an effective method to facilitate the physical and mental recovery of drug abusers in detoxification restoration period. Methods Integrated interventions were adopted to observe the changes in the physical and mental conditions of female drug abusers who had withdrawn drugs. Results Comparing behavioral changes between the two groups before and after intervention, we found that changes of score in the intervention group were all higher than those in the control group in terms of their physical symptoms or state of anxiety. Conclusion It is necessary to help drug abusers understand the harm of drug-abuse, build up self-confidence and improve EQ through interventions, It will be beneficial for the drug addicts to refrain from drug-taking and regain a normal life. Our study has proved that positive results can only be obtained from integrated intervention projects.     

全程一体化健康教育改善抑郁障碍患者抑郁情绪及心理障碍的效果

Objective To explore the effect of whole course integrated health education on depressive emotion and self-concept modification in depressive patients and to improve their psychological rehabilitation. Methods Sixties depressive inpatients treated with antidepressive drugs were randomly assigned to receive supportive psychological nursing and general health education (control group 28) or whole course integrated health education (experimental group 32). Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD), Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) were used before and after intervention to evaluate the clinical effects of two groups. Results Before interventions,the total scores of HAMD,TSCS and SCL-90 were (24.8 ±4. 3) ,(249.68 ±16.23) and(136.39±34.26)in experimental group and (24. 9 ±4. 2) , (248. 74 ± 17. 32) and( 136. 52 ± 35.04) in control group, with no significant difference between two groups (all P ＜ 0.01). After intervention, the total scores of HAMD, TSCS and SCL-90 were (19.7±2.8),(263.55±19.53) and (114.22 ± 18. 75) in experimental group and (22.4 ± 3. 3), (253. 66 ± 18. 37) and (134. 56 ± 32. 64) in control group, with significant difference between two groups (all P＜0.01). Conclusions Whole course integrated health education can improve depressive emotion of patients with depression, develop their positive self-concept and boost their mental health level.     

Early intervention promotes intellectual development of premature infants: a preliminary report. Early Intervention of Premature Infants Cooperative Research Group

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of early intervention on the intellectual development of the premature infants.

METHODS Premature infants at gestational age of 28-36.9 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and conventional care groups. Normal newborn infants during the same period were included in the control group (routine care). Up to March 1996, 156 cases were over the age 1.5-2 years (corrected age), 52 in the intervention group, 51 in the conventional care group and 53 in the normal control group. Parents were taught to carry out the 0-2 year intervention program, which included motor, cognitive, speech development and social behavior. Every three months, height, weight and head circumference were measured. At the age of one and a half and two years, all infants in the three groups received infant development tests of Child Development Center of China (CDCC) scale. The examiner did not know which infant had received intervention.

RESULTS There was no significant difference in biological factors among the two premature groups and in cultural and social factors among the three groups. Intelligence tests at the age of one and a half and two years showed that the average mental development index (MDI) in the intervention group was 13.8 and 14.6 higher than those in the conventional care group and the differences were significant. The psychomotor development index (PDI) was 5.2 and 4.7 higher but the differences were not significant. The MDI and PDI in the intervention group and normal control were quite close, but at two years, the MDI and PDI in the intervention group were 5.7 and 7.3 higher than those in the normal control and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control, the MDI in conventional care group at one and a half and two years of age were 11.5 and 8.9 lower. The difference was very significant. There were four cases of mental retardation, whose mental development index (MDI) was less then 70 in the conventional care group, but none in the intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS Early intervention can promote intellectual development of the premature infants and may be beneficial to the prevention of mental retardation. Early and intensive intervention can produce better results. Bringing parent's initiative into full play through deepening their understanding of the importance of early intervention is the key to success.

     

An Intervention Study of Reproductive Tract Infections among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Shanghai

Objective To evaluate the impacts of reproductive tract infections （RTIs） intervention on RTIs-related knowledge, attitudes, practices and prevalence of married women at reproductive age. Methods Four sub-districts from Xuhui district, Shanghai were selected by multistage cluster random sampling and residence committees were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control one. RTIs intervention was implemented in intervention group, while routine family planning program was conducted in control group. Results Compared with control group, intervention group have improved the following targets： the increment of RTI knowledge score was higher than that in control group （OR=9. 22, 95%CI： 7.01 - 2.14）; the increment score of individual health behaviors （6. 31） was higher than that in control group （4.50） （OR=1.60, 95%CI： 1.21 -2.10）; the increase of condom use frequency in intervention group was higher than that in control group （4.12% vs 0.69%） （OR=1.84, 95%CI： 1.31-2.57）; the decreased RTIs rate was higher than that in control group （7.45% vs 0.96%） （OR=0.68, 95%CI： 0.49-0.95）. Conclusion It is an effective way to conduct community-based intervention to increase women＇s RTIs knowledge, improve RTIs-related attitudes, promote good individual health behaviors, so as to decrease RTIs prevalence.     

Neurotransmitter-precursor-supplement intervention for detoxified heroin addicts

This study examined the effects of combined administration of tyrosine, lecithin, L-glutamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on heroin withdrawal syndromes and mental symptoms in detoxified heroin addicts. In the cluster-randomized placebo-controlled trial, 83 detoxified heroin addicts were recruited from a detoxification treatment center in Wuhan, China. Patients in the intervention group (n=41) were given the combined treatment with tyrosine, lecithin, L-glutamine and 5-HTP and those in the control group (n=42) were administered the placebo. The sleep status and the withdrawal symptoms were observed daily throughout the study, and the mood states were monitored pre- and post-intervention. The results showed that the insomnia and withdrawal scores were significantly improved over time in participants in the intervention group as compared with those in the control group. A greater reduction in tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia and total mood disturbance, and a greater increase in their vigor-activity symptoms were found at day 6 in the intervention group than in the control group (all P<0.05). It was concluded that the neurotransmitter-precursor-supplement intervention is effective in alleviating the withdrawal and mood symptoms and it may become a supplementary method for patients’ recovery from heroin addiction.     

Early intervention improves intellectual development in asphyxiated newborn infants. Intervention of Asphyxiated Newborn Infants Cooperative Research Group.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of early intervention on the intellectual development in asphyxiated newborn infants.

METHODS Full term asphyxiated infants (Apgar score < or = 6 at 5 minutes after birth) were randomly assigned to early intervention group (34 cases) and conventional care (30 cases) group. The normal control group consisted of 38 infants. Sex, mother's educational background, environmental condition and physical development were not significantly different in the 3 groups. Zero to two years early intervention program was compiled on basis of the national and foreign material about 1 month ahead of average development of the child. It included motor, cognitive, speech development and social behavior. Parents were instructed to carry out early intervention.

RESULTS At the age of 1.5 years, average score of mental development index (MDI) in early intervention group was 14.6 higher than that in conventional care group (F = 18.86, P < 0.0001). MDI score in early intervention group caught up with that in normal control group (F = 2.17, P > 0.05). Conventional care group was 9.7 lower than normal control group (F = 10.14, P < 0.01). Two of 30 cases (6.7%) in conventional care group was mentally retarded while none was mentally retarded in the early intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the early intervention could promote intellectual development of asphyxiated infants and be of much benefit to the prevention of mental retardation.

     

Psychological intervention for postpartum depression

Summary： The postpartum depression outcome and the effect of psychological intervention were studied in order to reduce the occurrence and development of the postpartum depression. A survey of 4000 women within 4-6 weeks postpartum in 80 communities in Shenzhen, China was performed using random cluster sampling method. By employing Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale （EPDS） as a screening tool, the positive women （defined as EPDS 〉10） were randomly divided into intervention group and control group at a ratio of 1：2. The women in the intervention group were treated by means of mailing postpartum depression prevention and treatment knowledge manual, face-to-face counseling, and telephone psychological counseling interventions aiming at individual risk factors, while those in the control group were treated with conventional methods. EPDS scores were assessed in these two groups again at 6th month postpartum. Totally, 3907 valid questionnaires were obtained. All the 771 positive women were divided into two groups： 257 in the intervention group, and 514 in the control group. At 6th month postpartum, the EPDS scores in the intervention group were decreased significantly, from baseline stage （12.84±3.02） to end stage （3.05±2.93）, while EPDS scores in the control group were reduced from 12.44±2.78 to 6.94±4.02. There were significant differences in the EPDS scores at end stage between the two groups （t=13.059, P〈0.001）. Psychological intervention can reduce postpartum depression, with better maternal compliance. It is feasible and necessary to establish postpartum depression screening and psychological intervention model in community-hospital and include the postpartum depression screening, intervention, and follow-up into the conventional healthcare.     

Assessment of community health needs of Chongqing residents： a qualitative study

Objective： The aim of this preliminary qualitative study was to gain insight into community health needs in order to develop health program for community in Chongqing. Methods： Totally 40 participants were assigned into 6 focus group discussions. All groups were led by local language speakers, and their talking was recorded after gaining informed consent. Transcribed data were coded and subjected to thematic analysis. Results： The main obtained themes were that community health problems were chronic noncommunicable disease, main health service needs included regularly free check-up and health education, and perceived health risk factors were unhealthy lifestyle and behavior as well as environment problems. Conclusion： Our community health needs assessment （CHNA） with FGDs indicate that residents realize the importance of prevention of disease. Our study identifies that primarily community health promotion is one of the priorities of community health service needs, including reorienting health service, health education, guiding behavior or lifestyle. and creating healthy environments. The findings of this study can provide guidance to the development of more effective and pertinent health program in this community.     

Impact evaluation of HIV/AIDS education in rural Henan province of China

Nowadays, there is a trend of HIV prevalence transmitting from high-risk group to average-risk group in China. Rural China is the weak link of HIV prevention, and rural areas of Henan province which is one of the most high-risk regions in China have more than 60% of the AIDS patients in the province. Thus, improving the HIV awareness and implementing health education become the top-priority of HIV/AIDS control and prevention. A multistage sampling was designed to draw 1129 people living with HIV/AIDS （PLWHAs） and 1168 non-PLWHAs in 4 prevalence counties of Henan province. A health promoting and social-psychological support model was constructed to improve the health knowledge of participants. Chi-square tests and unconditional logistic regression were performed to determine the intervention effect and influencing factors. All groups had misunderstandings towards the basic medical knowledge and the AIDS transmission mode. Before the intervention, 59.3% of the HIV/AIDS patients and 74.6% of the healthy people had negative attitudes towards the disease. There was statistically significant difference in the improvement of knowledge, attitude and action with regards to HIV prevention before and after intervention （P〈0.05）. PLWHAs who were males （OR=l.731） and had higher education level （OR=1.910） were found to have better HIV/AIDS health knowledge, whereas older PLWHAs （OR=0.961） were less likely to have better HIV/AIDS health knowledge. However, the intervention effect was associated with the expertise of doctors and supervisors, the content and methods of education, and participants＇ education level. It was concluded that health education of HIV/AIDS which positively influences the awareness and attitude of HIV prevention is popular in rural areas, therefore, a systematic and long-term program of HIV control and prevention is urgently needed in rural areas.     

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Integrated Intervention Program in Improving Drug Addicts'''' Psychological Health1

Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center;evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts' psychological health.Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004,who satisfied the inclusion criteria.A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted.Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse.The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts' psychological health:before the intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales(CPSS)had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group.After the intervention,exccpt that the SCSQ's positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,other indices in the intervention group were lower.Before and after the intervention.the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population;there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts' social mental factors.The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress,reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style.In conclusion,the program can promote addicts' psychological health significantly.     

综合心理干预模式对劳教戒毒人员预防复吸的效果分析

目的探讨综合心理干预模式和行为矫治对劳教戒毒人员的预防复吸效果。方法选取劳教所内96名戒毒者为研究对象，随机分为干预组与对照组各48名。干预组接受以成功心理素质为理论指导的综合心理干预，对照组接受传统的劳教管理。结果采用寿命表法对操守时间进行比较，Log-rank检验，1年操守率干预组（23．88％）显著高于对照组（8．57％）（χ^2=6．900，P=0．009）。多因素Cox比例风险模型分析，戒毒人员得到家庭支持、家庭气氛和谐、非静脉注射方式吸毒、吸毒年限短，男性，同时获得心理干预有利于出所后继续操守。结论综合心理干预和行为矫治模式能延长戒毒者出所后操守时间，有效降低复吸率。     

吸毒人群生理戒断后的心理健康研究

目的：探讨吸毒者生理戒断后的心理健康状况及其治疗。方法：选择123例生理戒断的吸毒者为吸毒组和142名正常人为对照组进行心理测评,测评内容包括SCL－90、社会支持评定、EPQ、SAS和SDS自评量表,然后进行比较,结果：恐怖因子分吸毒组明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,而且SCL－90总分、EPQ神经质量表（N）、SAS和SDS及社会支持总分低于对照组（P＜0．01）,结论：表明吸毒组有严重心理障碍和个性状况异常,在生理戒断后需长期心理治疗和个性矫正。     

海洛因成瘾者复吸相关因素的临床分析及预防复发的探讨

目的 :调查分析海洛因成瘾复吸者的复吸相关因素 ,为降低复吸率提供背景资料和依据。方法 :采用自编“吸毒人员复吸相关因素调查表”调查 2 14例海洛因复吸者。结果 :在复吸相关因素中 ,以社会支持不足心理行为障碍和应激情境最重要 ,肯定回答率 ,分别为 5 3 .1%、3 5 .0 %和 2 7.6% ,药理特性及可获得性、稽延性戒断症状次之 ,肯定回答率分别为 2 2 .2 %和 2 6.4 %。结论 :复吸除与药物本身的药理特性和可获得性有关外 ,与社会支持不足 ,毒友团伙的引诱和各种心理行为障碍未得及时解决亦相关 ,社会心理应激因素是造成复吸的主要原因。建议对吸毒者不要一味地采取歧视、惩罚等负性态度 ,缩短强制戒毒时间 ,同时健全吸毒人员社区康复服务机构 ,并纳入精神卫生服务网络体系中。戒毒工作需要精神卫生工作者、警务人员及基层社区工作者协同参与 ,密切配合     

集体运动疗法对女性新型毒品戒毒者生命质量和情绪的影响研究

背景　女性新型毒品成瘾者常遭受身心问题和社会功能障碍等困扰,而在我国新型毒品戒毒治疗主要以强制戒毒为主,缺乏针对女性新型毒品戒毒者身心特点的有效治疗和康复手段。目的　探讨集体运动疗法对女性新型毒品戒毒者生命质量和情绪的影响。方法　采用整群抽样方式选取2016年1月—2017年6月在天津市公安局安康医院戒毒中心接受戒毒治疗的女性新型毒品戒毒者73例。按研究时间分组,2016年1—9月入选的女性新型毒品戒毒者37例为对照组,2016年10月—2017年6月入选的女性新型毒品戒毒者36例为试验组。对照组接受常规戒毒治疗和护理,试验组在接受常规戒毒治疗和护理的基础上接受3个月的集体运动治疗。干预前后使用药物成瘾者生命质量测定量表（QOL-DA）V2.0、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）对女性新型毒品戒毒者进行生命质量、抑郁、焦虑的评定。结果　干预后,试验组戒毒者躯体功能、心理健康、社会功能、戒断症状及不良反应维度得分及QOL-DA V2.0总分较对照组升高（P<0.05）。对照组戒毒者干预后躯体功能、心理健康、社会功能、戒断症状及不良反应维度得分及QOL-DA V2.0总分较干预前升高（P<0.05）;试验组戒毒者干预后躯体功能、心理健康、社会功能、戒断症状及不良反应维度得分及QOL-DA V2.0总分较干预前升高（P<0.05）。干预后,试验组戒毒者SDS和SAS评分较对照组降低（P<0.05）。对照组戒毒者干预后SDS和SAS评分较干预前降低（P<0.05）;试验组戒毒者干预后SDS和SAS评分较干预前降低（P<0.05）。结论　集体运动疗法可提高女性新型毒品戒毒者生命质量,有效缓解其抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪,值得在临床进一步推广。     

血液净化治疗海洛因依赖者的心理应激反应及护理干预研究

目的观察血液净化治疗(血液灌流HP串联血液透析+HD)海洛因依赖者的心理应激反应的特殊性,探讨护理干预应用于其中的实施效果.方法 观察自愿接受血液净化(血液灌流串联血液透析)戒毒者27例,采取认知干预、心理干预、行为矫正、家庭与社区干预等各种护理干预措施,并采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁...     

内观认知疗法对女性强制戒毒者身心症状的干预效果

目的评价内观认知疗法对女性强制戒毒者身心症状干预效果。方法选取符合入组标准并自愿参加本课题研究的戒毒人员70名,采用随机数字表法将其分到两组,干预组35例,对照组35例。干预组接受连续10天的内观认知疗法(Naikan cognitive therapy,NCT)治疗,对照组接受相同时间的心理健康教育。两组分别于治疗前和治疗后进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、简易应对方式量表、强制戒毒者复吸倾向性心理调查表测评。结果干预前两组人员间各评估指标间比较均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与干预前比较,干预组NCT干预后SCL-90总分[(176.49±40.85)分,(152.60±31.17)分]和躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子评分均显著降低(均P<0.05);领悟社会支持总分[(59.09±14.60)分,(64.43±10.42)分]和家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持分量表得分均显著升高;干预后干预组与对照组比较,积极应对得分[(25.54±6.09)分,(22.37±7.04)分]显著增高,消极应对得分[(8.20±3.59)分,(10.17±4.03)分]和复吸倾向性总分[(15.66±9.57)分,(22.11±10.18)分]显著下降(均P<0.05)。对照组的各量表得分均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论内观认知疗法可显著改善女性强制戒毒者身心症状,显著提高女性强制戒毒者的领悟社会支持能力,增强积极应对方式,降低消极应对和复吸倾向性。     

酒精依赖自愿住院患者64例防御方式分析

目的了解自愿戒酒的酒精依赖患者的防御方式,为临床心理干预提供理论依据。方法应用自制调查表收集64例酒精依赖住院患者的一般情况及临床特征,采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)对其进行测评,并与60例正常人对照。结果酒精依赖患者的不成熟型防御机制均分高于正常人,而成熟型防御机制均分低于正常人(P<0.01);伴有药物滥用的患者更不善于使用成熟防御方式来应对应激事件(P<0.05)。结论酒精依赖患者防御机制存在明显缺陷,更多地使用不成熟防御机制。     

厦门市86例吸毒人员的心理状况调查

目的采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和90项症状清单(SCL-90)综合分析吸毒人员的心理状况.材料与方法使用SDS、SAS和SCL-90对厦门市86名吸毒人员进行心理健康分析,并与常模比较;进一步分析、比较吸毒人员性别、职业、婚姻状况、文化程度及吸毒方式之间的心理健康的差别.结果所有吸毒人员的SDS,SAS,SCL-90各因子评分均比常模高(P＜0.001);男性SAS及SCL-90中的偏执因子分比女性高(P＜0.05);高中以上文化程度的吸毒人员在SCL-90中的抑郁和焦虑因子分比初中文化的高(P＜0.05),但与小学文化的无显著性差别.有职业的吸毒人员的人际关系因子分比无职业的高(P＜0.1).结论吸毒人员有明显的心理障碍,尤其是抑郁及焦虑广泛存在,在强制性戒毒时,可给予适当的药物,同时加强心理干预.     

桂西社区吸毒人员康复干预措施试验研究

目的 在桂西某县社区吸毒人员中开展康复干预措施试验研究,观察综合干预措施效果,为社区吸毒人员的康复治疗及回归社会提供科学依据.方法 随机抽取桂西某县城郊和一个乡镇吸毒人员36人作为康复干预措施的试验观察对象,康复干预措施包括：采用宣传教育,对吸毒者综合治疗,开展社会帮教和家庭康复矫治等措施,并随机选取同一个县城区和一个乡镇吸毒人员41人作为对照,比较两组康复率及生存质量各维度得分.结果 经6个月干预,试验组康复28人,康复率为77.78%,对照组康复22人,康复率为53.65%,两组康复率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.干预前试验组与对照组吸毒人员生存质量各维度得分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.干预6个月后,试验组躯体功能得分、戒断症状得分、总得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,社会功能得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,心理功能得分高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 开展康复综合干预措施对社区吸毒人员的康复和回归社会起到重要作用,吸毒人员的心理问题有待进一步研究.