改良Nuss手术矫治16例漏斗胸

目的探讨无胸腔镜辅助下改良的Nuss手术矫治漏斗胸的方法和疗效。方法16例漏斗胸患儿在无胸腔镜辅助下,双侧胸壁做横行切口,将塑型矫形板由右胸壁经胸骨后穿至左胸壁,翻转矫形板,将胸骨抬起矫正胸骨凹陷,钢板单侧固定于肋骨。结果16例均顺利完成手术,手术平均时间46min,无术中并发症。缝伤口前充分鼓肺排出胸腔内气体,未放置胸腔闭式引流。术后1例并发轻度皮下气肿,2d后自行消失。术后住院5—7d。16例随访1～32个月,均无不适,活动量如常,其中2例已取出Nuss钢板,矫形效果满意。结论改良的无胸腔镜辅助下Nuss手术矫治漏斗胸,具有切口小、美观、手术创伤小、方法简化、手术时间短等优点,值得推广应用。     

改良Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸

目的介绍非胸腔镜辅助下改良Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的方法及疗效。方法采用改良的Nuss手术治疗34例漏斗胸惠儿,均在非胸腔镜辅助下,双侧胸壁做横行切口,将塑型矫形板由左胸壁经胸骨后穿至右胸壁,翻转矫形板,将胸骨抬起矫正胸骨凹陷,钢板单侧固定于肋骨。结果所有34例均顺利完成手术,手术时间35-60min,术中出血平均少于8ml,无一例输血,术后并发气胸1例,皮下积气3例,左侧固定片滑脱1例。术后住院天数约6-8d。矫形效果评定31例为优,3例为良,差0例。全部病例均获随访,随访时间5-21个月,均无明显不适,无钢板移位,矫形效果满意。结论非胸腔镜辅助下改良Nuss手术安全易行、创伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快、近期矫形效果好。     

创伤性连枷胸手术3种内固定器械的临床应用比较

探讨3种不同内固定器械在创伤性连枷胸治疗中的应用价值。方法：对我院2005-01-2008-03收治的36例分别采用钢丝＋克氏针、镍肽记忆合金环抱器、聚左旋乳酸肋骨钉（PLLAs）内固定手术治疗的多发、多段肋骨骨折患者进行对比分析。结果：不同治疗组间均有可比性（P〉0．05）;36例患者中除2例死亡外,其余均获临床治愈。镍肽记忆合金环抱器和PLLAs内固定组平均手术时间、术后胸痛持续时间、住院时间及胸壁畸形、呼吸并发症的发生率均较“钢丝＋可氏针”内固定组明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论：对多根多处肋骨骨折致严重胸壁塌陷者应行切开复位肋骨内固定治疗,钢丝内固定简单、经济、有效,镍肽记忆合金环抱器、可吸收肋骨钉内固定矫形更佳、更可靠,但各有利弊。     

微创髂腹股沟小切口联合后路K-L切口治疗髋臼双柱骨折

目的探讨微创髂腹股沟小切口联合后路K-L切口治疗髋臼双柱骨折的手术治疗效果。方法选择2010年7月~2014年8月日照市人民医院收治的伤后3周内行切开复位内固定的46例髋臼骨折,其中按Judet-Letournel分类均为双柱骨折且采用微创髂腹股沟小切口联合后路K-L切口进行手术的患者19例,均采用漂浮体位,微创髂腹股沟切口联合后路K-L切口,髋臼前柱钢板放置在髂耻连线上(沿耻骨结节向外经过髂耻隆起到髂结节这条连线),并非通常的骨盆界线上,内固定材料均使用重建钢板和螺钉。评估术中出血情况及术后患者功能恢复情况。结果平均随访13.5月(7~26个月),19例患者临床愈合。术中出血量310~1 100m L,平均540m L。根据Matta标准评估骨折复位情况,解剖复位14例,良好复位4例,较差复位1例。髋关节功能按照D’Aubigne评分:优13例,良2例,可3例,差1例。异位骨化1例。无感染,无股神经、坐骨神经、股血管损伤,无下肢静脉血栓等并发症发生。结论采用微创髂腹股沟小切口联合后路K-L切口,可以对髋臼双柱骨折进行良好的显露、固定,符合微创理念。髂耻前柱放置钢板操作简单,固定坚强可靠。     

腹直肌皮瓣转移治疗巨大胸壁缺损

胸壁严重碾挫伤、电击伤后 ,部分患者出现胸壁皮肤、肌肉、肋骨大面积坏死 ,导致胸壁溃疡、肋骨外露、感染 ,临床处理困难。自 1 996年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 6月 ,笔者共收治 5例外科治疗的巨大胸壁缺损患者。现总结如下。临　床　资　料1 .一般资料 :本组 5例中男 4例 ,女1例 ;年龄 2 5～ 5 1岁 ,平均 34岁。其中交通伤 2例 ,机器碾压伤 2例 ,电击伤 1例。交通伤及机器碾压伤伤后早期均行清创、开胸探查、肺修补、肋骨钢丝固定、胸腔闭式引流术 ;电烧伤者保护创面。所有患者在经Ⅰ期处理后 ,2～ 3周胸壁坏死组织脱落液化 ,经游离植皮 ,在侧胸区…     

肋骨原始神经外胚叶瘤一例

病例资料　患者,男,16 岁,发现左侧胸壁包块 5 个月余,包块逐渐增大。体检:左侧腋前线第 7 肋间隙有一约 4 cm×4 cm包块,局部有压痛,质地较硬,边界清楚,活动度欠佳,无波动,皮肤无红肿。胸片:左第 7 肋腋段梭形肿大,骨密度不均。CT显示左侧第7 肋腋缘处一肿块影,部分区域可见不规则坏死(图1)。后行左第7肋骨肿瘤根治术。术中见左第7肋骨肿瘤源于肋软骨,约12 cm×8 cm×8 cm大小,侵及肋间肌、壁层胸膜、部分胸壁肌肉。包块向胸腔内突出与左下肺基底段胸膜粘连,第6、8肋未受侵。术后病理诊断:(左第7肋骨)原始神经外胚叶瘤。骨及周围肌组…     

成人漏斗胸微创矫治后胸廓骨重塑与临床疗效观察

目的 探讨成人漏斗胸微创矫形后胸廓骨的重塑变化与临床疗效.方法 选择漏斗胸患者82例,男67例,女15例,年龄18～57(23.5±6.1)岁,对称型(I型)37例,非对称型(Ⅱ型)45例,漏斗胸指数(HI)3.2 ～ 11.8(3.98±2.96).所有患者均在全麻下行两侧腋中线切口,胸腔镜监视下将制备好的支撑杆置入胸骨后(1根60例,2根22例).术前和术后1周行胸部CT扫描三维重建胸廓影像,在矢状位上以胸椎体中心线为切线位,测量胸骨与胸椎体前缘之间的距离,并观察心脏移位情况.结果 使用l根矫形杆矫形后胸骨体中部及下端分别前移8.69、15.69mm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而胸骨体上端及胸骨柄上、下端分别前移2.39、-2.38、1.44mm,与术前比较差异无统计学意义.使用2根矫形杆矫形后胸骨柄下端及胸骨体上端、中部、下端分别前移10.8、12.45、17.61、20.62mm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而胸骨柄上端前移2.34mm,与术前比较差异无统计学意义.CT扫描显示矫形后心脏恢复正常位置.使用2根矫形杆者胸廓外观优于使用1根者.结论 微创矫治成人漏斗胸时矫形杆的支撑力可使胸骨重塑成形;使用1根或2根矫形杆时胸骨的重塑变化规律及力学作用不同.     

微创经皮钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨微创经皮钢板内固定(minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO)技术在肱骨近端骨折中的临床应用及随访疗效.方法 2006年12月-2008年9月运用MIPPO技术使用锁定钢板治疗36例肱骨近端骨折患者,其中男23例,女13例.根据AO/OTA分型:A2型4例,A3型10例,B1型5例,B2型11例,C1型3例,C2型3例.经肩前外侧横行或纵行做皮肤切口,纵行分离三角肌,探及骨折,直视下间接和直接复位.经骨表面肌肉下隧道向骨折远端插入锁定钢板,于钢板远端做纵行切口,远近端分别用锁定螺钉固定.术后定期随访,指导功能锻炼,并评定其疗效.结果 手术时间(50.1±11.3)min,出血(76.3±18.7)ml,手术切口(4.5±0.8)cm.36例均获随访12～17个月,平均14个月,所有患者均骨性愈合,愈合时间(10.1±1.2)周.按Neer评分标准,总优良率为86%.结论 利用MIPPO技术治疗肱骨近端骨折安全有效、创伤小、骨愈合时间短,能得到较好的影像学复位,术后疼痛较少.     

多层螺旋CT容积重建技术在儿童鸡胸中的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋 CT 容积重建(VR)技术在儿童鸡胸中的应用价值。方法收集在本院行多层螺旋 CT 检查的鸡胸患儿资料36例,全部病例图像均在 CT 工作站进行3D 后处理,主要方法为 VR 及多平面重建(MPR)。结果胸骨体前凸型35例,胸骨柄前凸型1例,对称型鸡胸27例,非对称型鸡胸9例。VR 技术能清楚显示胸骨、肋骨及肋软骨的异常改变。结论多层螺旋 CT VR 技术能立体、全面显示患儿鸡胸的形态改变,为微创手术矫治鸡胸畸形提供准确信息。     

咳嗽致肋骨骨折并胸壁疝1例

患者　男 ,6 4岁 ,慢性支气管炎病史十余年 ,于 1月前因剧烈咳嗽后 ,突感左胸痛 (无外伤史 ) ,并随呼吸咳嗽加重 ,同时出现左下胸壁肿胀隆起及皮下淤血斑 ,在外院治疗十余天 ,淤血斑消失 ,但胸痛及肿胀隆起未缓解 ,来就诊。查体 :左侧第 8～ 9肋间隙增宽 ,局部胸壁隆起 ,随咳嗽及深吸气隆起显著 ,触之柔软而疼痛加重 ,于腋后线处可触及第 9肋骨骨折断端 ,左下胸部叩诊呈浊音 ,双肺呼吸音清。化验室检查均无异常。肺功能检测 :限制性肺功能降低。影像学表现 :胸部正斜位片见左侧第 9肋骨后段横行骨折 ,无骨痂生长 ,骨折远段肋骨向外膨隆 ,8～…     

Nuss手术矫正成年人漏斗胸22例临床分析

目的总结成年漏斗胸患者行Nuss矫正术的临床经验。方法收集我科2008年7月—2009年8月行Nuss手术的22例成年漏斗胸患者,总结分析临床诊治资料。结果 (1)2例患者放2根支撑板,20例放1根,术中平均出血量(22.4±11.2)ml,手术时间为(75±21.3)min,术后卧床时间为(3.95±1.23)d,住院时间(8.9±3.1)d;(2)手术效果:患者心肺压迫受限症状消失的有效率100%;外形完全正常8例,占36%,明显改善14例,占64%;(3)发生支撑板移位2例(9%)、胸腔积液2例(9%)、气胸1例(4.4%)。结论成年漏斗胸患者接受Nuss手术能达到较好的效果,但难度较幼儿增大,由于其微创的特点,较传统术式有优势。     

Anterior chest wall: frequency of anatomic variations in children.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of anterior chest wall variations in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The computed tomographic (CT) images of 200 consecutive infants and children (114 boys and 86 girls; mean age, 10.5 years; age range, 3 months to 19 years) who underwent chest CT during a 20-month period were evaluated for chest wall variations. Children who had undergone chest wall surgery or were suspected of having a chest wall abnormality were excluded. The frequency of chest wall anomalies was compared with age and sex (Fisher exact test). RESULTS: The CT scans of 65 children (33%) depicted one or more variations in the anterior chest wall: titled sternum (n = 29), prominent convexity of anterior rib or costal cartilage (n = 19), prominent asymmetric costal cartilage (n = 20), well-defined paracostal subcutaneous nodule (n = 4), mild pectus excavatum (n = 4), or mild pectus carinatum (n = 4). The frequency of these findings did not vary significantly with age (P = .96) or sex (P = .36). CONCLUSION: Variations in the anterior chest wall are common, occurring in one-third of children, and should be considered normal. These asymptomatic variations should not be considered alarming when palpated at physical examination.     

微创Nuss手术治疗成年人漏斗胸37例临床分析

目的总结Nuss手术治疗成年人漏斗胸的临床经验。方法 2012年1月-2013年7月对37例成年人漏斗胸患者行Nuss手术治疗,总结分析临床诊治资料。结果全部顺利完成手术,无死亡等严重并发症发生,留置一根支撑板16例,两根支撑板21例,全组手术时间(93.78±24.98)min;术中出血中位数20(QR 10)ml;术后平均住院天数(7.62±±2.20)d,参照Nuss等的方法评定胸廓形状,获优34例,良3例。结论成年人漏斗胸进行Nuss手术能达到良好的效果,但难度较大。     

两种术式治疗肱骨远端骨折远期效果观察

目的观察两种术式治疗肱骨远端骨折对骨折愈合与肘关节功能的影响。方法选取2010年1月至2016年1月收治的肱骨远端骨折患者56例,分别采用后侧正中切口Y型钢板固定(A组)与肱骨远端内外侧双切口双钢板固定(B组)进行治疗。比较两组患者骨折愈合时间、远期肘关节活动范围及优良率。结果两组患者骨折愈合时间、远期肘关节活动范围及优良率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论后侧正中切口Y型钢板固定与肱骨远端内外侧双切口双钢板固定治疗肱骨远端骨折均可达到满意效果。     

The diagnosis of a murder from skeletal remains: a case report

A skeletonised body was found in a Danish forest. The examination of the bones revealed several incisions on the skeleton, one located on the cervical column, two on the sternum, one perforating incision to the right iliac crest, and several superficial ones to the ribs and the right tibia. The skeletonized body was thought to be that of a young man in the twenties with a height of 170 cm. It was estimated that the body had been lying at the spot for at least 1 or 2 y and had been murdered by several stab wounds to the chest and abdomen. Police enquiries subsequently revealed that the deceased was a 23-year-old male with a height of 171 cm. A man confessed to having murdered the victim 11/2 years earlier with several stab wounds to the face/neck, chest, abdominal wall and thigh. Received: 20 February 1996 / Received in revised form: 23 December 1996     

机械通气联合肋骨环抱器内固定治疗连枷胸伴呼吸衰竭临床观察

目的探讨机械通气联合肋骨环抱器内固定治疗连枷胸伴呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2005年1月至2011年3月收治的连枷胸伴呼吸衰竭42例的临床资料,其中19例采用机械通气联合肋骨环抱器内固定治疗（手术组）,23例仅采用机械通气治疗（非手术组）。比较两组气管切开率、入住ICU时间、机械通气时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、镇痛剂使用时间等指标。结果与非手术组相比,手术组气管切开率、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率明显降低,入住ICU时间、机械通气时间及镇痛剂使用时间均明显缩短。结论机械通气联合肋骨环抱器内固定治疗连枷胸伴呼吸衰竭的方法,通过可靠的内固定迅速稳定胸壁,消除反常呼吸对呼吸功能的影响,疗效优于单纯机械通气治疗方法。     

Chest radiography in pectus excavatum: Recognition of pectus excavatum-related signs and assessment of severity before and after surgical correction

A combined retrospective and prospective study describes findings on posteroanterior (PA) chest films and evaluates objective measurements on lateral chest films in pectus excavatum, both before and after surgical correction. Dispiacement of the heart to the left was seen in more than 50%, of patients and was significantly less predominant 1 year after operation, whereas other signs resulting from compression by the anterior chest wall remained unchanged or needed more time to be resolved. In both study groups the lower vertebral index and upper vertebral index in pectus excavatum patients was higher than predicted (P < 0.0001), reflecting smaller PA diameters of the chest. The diameters increased after operation (P < 0.0001), especially the lower. A significant relation was found between clinical severity and radiologic depth of depression. There was no significant relation between clinical operative result and radiologic postoperative changes in chest diameters.     

Chest wall dose in MammoSite breast brachytherapy: radiobiologic estimations of late complication risk based on dose-volume considerations

PURPOSE: To estimate the risk of late effects in women treated with MammoSite brachytherapy (MBT), the balloon catheters of which were placed near the ribs. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Upon reviewing 93 plans, 16 patients (17%) treated with MBT were considered to have received a high chest wall dose (>or=120% isodose line in contact with a rib). A dose-volume histogram was generated for this rib, and its distance from the MBT balloon measured. Using the linear quadratic equation, the equivalent dose, delivered in 10 fractions, to the dose that causes a 5% and 50% risk of rib late effects at 5 years using 2Gy per fraction, was calculated to be 37 and 44Gy, respectively. The rib volume receiving greater than or equal to these doses (V37 and V44) was correlated to the balloon-to-rib distance. Chest wall signs, symptoms, and radiologic findings for all 16 patients were recorded. RESULTS: The median balloon-to-rib distance was 4.8mm. The median values of V37 and V44 were 13.5% and 3.3%, respectively. All patients with a V37>or=15% and V44>or=5% had a minimum balloon-to-rib distance of <5mm. Two patients reported treatment-related chest wall tenderness (both had balloons placed <5mm from the chest wall), but neither presented with radiologic complications. CONCLUSIONS: Sixteen patients considered to receive relatively high chest wall doses had less than one-third of their primary rib volume being exposed to the estimated TD 5/5 and TD 50/5 doses. Therefore, we estimate the risk of late effects in women treated with MBT, the balloon catheters of which placed near the ribs were negligible, and believe that MBT remains a safe and effective treatment for selected patients with early stage breast cancer.