儿童移位肱骨髁间骨折的手术治疗

目的：回顾性评估切开复位内固定术治疗儿童移位肱骨髁间骨折的临床效果。方法：自2007年3月至2009年2月,我科应用切开复位及内固定治疗了8例移位的肱骨髁间骨折患儿,其中男7例、女1例,平均年龄8．2岁（6-12岁）。按照Riseborough—Radin分型系统,其中III型6例、IV型2例;受伤机制包括：5例滑板车摔伤、1例摩托车摔伤、I例高处坠落伤、1例自行车摔伤。方法为采用Bryan～Morrey后内侧手术入路切开复位内固定术,应用克氏针钢丝或钉板系统内固定治疗。结果：术后无一例伤口感染及尺神经损伤,骨折均解剖对位。7例应用克氏针钢丝固定,1例行钉板系统固定。8例患儿均获得随访,平均随访时间2．2年（1．5～3年）。肘关节X线片显示无一例出现骨折的延迟愈合、不愈合,无一例肱骨远端骨骺坏死发生,2例合并肘关节异位骨化,肘关节屈伸活动度平均-10．6°-131．3°,日常生活无明显影响。结论：移位的肱骨髁间骨折患儿,应用Bryan—Morrey后内侧手术入路切开复位内固定术可获得较好的治疗效果。     

儿童移位肱骨髁间骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨切开复位内固定治疗儿童移位肱骨髁间骨折的临床疗效.方法 2007年3月至2009年2月应用切开复位内固定治疗8例移位的肱骨髁间骨折患儿,男7例,女1例;年龄6～12岁,平均8.2岁.骨折按照Toniolo-Wilkins分型:Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型2例.采用Bryan-Morrey后内侧手术入路切开复位内固定,7例应用克氏针钢丝固定,1例行钉板系统固定.结果 所有患者术后获1.5～3.0年(平均2.2年)随访.无一例伤口感染及尺神经损伤等并发症发生,骨折均获解剖对位.肘关节X线片显示无一例出现骨折的延迟愈合、不愈合及肱骨远端骨骺坏死,2例合并肘关节异位骨化,肘关节屈伸活动度为-10.6°～ 131.3°,日常生活无明显影响.结论 对于移位肱骨髁间骨折患者,应用Bryan-Morrey后内侧手术入路切开复位内固定可获得较好疗效.     

肱骨髁间骨折切开复位内固定临床分析

目的探讨切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨髁间骨折的方法和效果。方法回顾性分析45例接受肱骨髁间骨折切开复位内固定术患者的临床资料。结果按Jupiiter肘关节功能评分标准,优良率82.2%(37/45)。结论切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨髁间骨折,骨折复位良好、固定牢固、肘关节功能恢复良好,效果满意。     

肱骨小头骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨肱骨小头骨折手术治疗方法及疗效。方法手术治疗肱骨小头骨折16例,获得连续随访者14例。按Bryan和Morrey分型:Ⅰ型9例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型骨折3例,13例行切开复位内固定,3例行骨折块切除,固定方法包括克氏针固定2例,空心钉固定8例,可吸收螺钉固定2例,钢板固定1例。结果术后随访时间为9个月～3年,平均为2.2年。根据Broberg和Morrey的疗效评价标准,切开复位内固定组:优8例,良1例,可2例,骨折块切除组:良1例,可2例。结论对于有移位的肱骨小头骨折应早期手术切开,解剖复位,选择合适的内固定,早期功能锻炼,方可达到满意的疗效。     

切开复位内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁间骨折

目的探讨儿童肱骨髁间骨折不同入路及不同内固定方式的个性化治疗方法及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-07采用切开复位内固定治疗13例儿童肱骨髁间骨折,采用肘关节单纯内侧、外侧或内外侧联合入路,根据骨折端情况采用克氏针、空心钉或钢板内固定。结果 13例均获随访23~36个月,平均29.3个月。术后复查骨折均愈合良好,愈合时间平均4个月,无骨折不愈合、肘内外翻等并发症。术后肘关节屈曲115°~140°,平均125.5°;伸直-8°~30°,平均10.7°。术后12个月疗效按MEPS标准评定:优8例,良3例,可2例。结论儿童肱骨髁间骨折采用单纯内侧、外侧或内外侧联合入路,根据骨折端情况采用克氏针、空心钉或钢板内固定治疗可取得满意疗效。     

小儿肱骨远端全骺分离误诊为肘关节脱位1例

肱骨远端全骺分离是肱骨髁上骨折发生在幼儿发育阶段的一种特殊类型,较少见,我院曾收治1例,回顾如下。1病例资料患儿,男,2岁6个月。2004年8月30日因摔伤左肘部10d入院。曾在院外以肘关节脱位行手法复位石膏托外固定术。X线片报告为肘关节脱位(图1)。入院后未行手法整复,直接行手术切开复位。手术采用肘关节后正中切口,打开关节囊,见尺骨鹰嘴与肱骨滑车解剖关系正常。探查见肱骨髁上有少量骨痂,远端骨骺向后内侧移位,术中诊断为肱骨远端全骺分离。手法整复内侧移位和后侧移位,用2枚φ2mm克氏针交叉固定。术后肘关节屈曲90°前臂旋前图1X线片…     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板空心钉内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折

目的观察经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板空心钉内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2015-01经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板埋头空心钉内固定治疗的31例肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折。埋头空心钉固定髁间骨折块,分别于肱骨外侧柱后外侧、内侧柱内侧放置合适长度的接骨板。结果 31例均获得随访6~36个月,平均16.13个月。骨折愈合时间8~14周,平均11.47周。末次随访时HHS评分平均89.28分,优16例,良11例,可3例,差1例,优良率87.09%。1例术后发生异位骨化,肘关节屈伸活动明显受限,术后半年取出内固定进行肘关节松解后肘关节功能恢复良好。2例术后出现尺神经卡压症状,取出内固定后缓解。结论经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板埋头空心钉内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折显露充分、固定牢靠,且有利于术后进行肘关节功能锻炼。     

严重肱骨髁间骨折的肘关节功能重建

肱骨髁间骨折是青壮年严重的肘部损伤 ,常为粉碎性 ,治疗较困难 ,且对肘关节的功能影响较大。严重的肱骨髁间骨折常伴有移位、滑车关节面损伤 ,采用非手术治疗往往不能取得满意的骨折复位。我科自 1994年以来采用切开复位稳定内固定术 ,治疗此类肱骨髁间骨折 2 6例 ,获得了满意的疗效 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组 2 6例 ,男 17例 ,女 9例。年龄 2 0～ 47岁 ,平均 34岁。高处坠落伤 8例 ,车祸伤 11例 ,骑摩托车摔伤 4例 ,其它伤 3例。类型 :根据 AO/ ASIF分类 ,C型完全关节骨折 ,关节面及骨性支撑之间完全损伤 ,本组 C1 型 …     

肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的双钢板内固定治疗

目的探讨手术治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折后疗效。方法收治22例肱骨髁间骨折患者,行切开复位双钢板内固定手术。按照AO分型,C：型3例,C,型19例。结果19例获得12～26个月（平均15．7个月）随访。无1例发生切口坏死及感染,尺神经损伤1例患者术后3个月内获得恢复。所有患者骨折均愈合。根据Jupiter等肘关节功能恢复情况评定,优良率为78．9％。结论双钢板固定肱骨髁间骨折,能够早期功能练习,对肘关节功能恢复较好。     

肱骨髁间骨折的内固定治疗体会

肱骨髁间骨折是肘关节的一种严重损伤 ,治疗有一定的难度 ,尤其对于移位的粉碎性重度肱骨髁间骨折 ,即使手术切开复位亦难以达到满意的效果。我院于 1 991— 1 998年 ,共收治 2 6例 ,均行切开复位内固定术 ,收到了较满意的效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料　本组 2 6例 ,男 1 8例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 1 6～ 56岁 ,平均 38.7岁 ;就诊时间最短 2 h,最长7d,平均 2 d又 6h;闭合伤 2 4例 ,开放性 2例 ;1例合并尺神经损伤 ,1例合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折 ;依 Risebor-ough分类[1] : °骨折无移位或轻度移位 , °骨折有移位但两髁无分离及旋转 , °骨折块…     

切开复位内固定治疗成人陈旧性肱骨小头-滑车冠状面骨折

目的 探讨切开复位内固定治疗成人陈旧性肱骨小头-滑车冠状面骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析自2011-02-2018-12采用切开复位内固定治疗的9例成人陈旧性肱骨小头-滑车冠状面骨折,观察骨折愈合时间、术后并发症情况以及末次随访时肘关节屈伸活动度.结果 9例均顺利完成手术并获得随访,随访时间12～48个月,平均14.5...     

The Bryan-Morrey triceps-sparing approach to open reduction of T-condylar humeral fractures in adolescents: cybex evaluation of triceps function and elbow motion

Nine patients who underwent open reduction of a T-condylar distal humerus fracture through a Bryan-Morrey triceps-sparing approach were evaluated for triceps function and elbow motion. The average follow-up was 3 years 5 months. The average range of motion was -8 degrees to 136 degrees. Measured by Cybex testing, the average triceps deficit compared with the uninvolved arm was 6% at 60 degrees/sec, 7% at 120 degrees/sec, and 10% at 180 degrees/sec. Compared with another study that tested triceps function after open reduction with the Campbell triceps-splitting approach, no statistically significant difference in function or range of motion was found. In this small series, early postoperative continuous passive motion was found to significantly increase range of motion. The Bryan-Morrey triceps-sparing approach can be used in children and adolescents who require open reduction for T-condylar distal humeral fractures.     

Intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus treated with the triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle approach

Introduction: Treatment choice for displaced, intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through a posterior approach. The triceps-reflecting anconeus pedicle (TRAP) approach, combination of modified Kocher and Bryan-Morrey has been described as a conservative surgical exposure for fixation of the complex intercondylar fractures. Materials and methods: Eleven patients with intercondylar fractures of the humerus operated with this approach were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 26 (14–40) months. The aetiology of injuries was mostly fall on the elbow. There were five females and six males and the average age of the patients was 58.3 years (range 16–70 years). Results: According to Müller et al.’s classification; five were Type C1, four were Type C2 and, two were Type C3. At the final follow-up; Type C1 and C2 fractures had a ROM of 116° (range 95°–140°) and, Type C3 fractures had a ROM of 85° which showed limitation of elbow motion. Average humerotrochlear angle is 93.4° (range 90°–98°). Two patients had transient n.ulnaris paraesthesia and one had heterotopic ossification. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that TRAP approach is extensile enough in treating these complex fractures however both articular reconstruction and fixation can be easily managed without creating an olecranon fracture. No significant triceps weakness and dysfunction was observed after TRAP approach in the treatment of the intercondylar fractures of the humerus. Preliminary results of this study was presented at the 6th European Trauma Congress in Prague, Czech Republic on 16-19 May 2004. An erratum to this article can be found at     

经肱三头肌内外侧联合入路双钢板内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨经肱三头肌内外侧联合人路(triceps-sparing approach,TSA)双钢板内固定治疗C1、C2型(AO/ASIF)肱骨髁间骨折的疗效.方法 对7例肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折(C1型3例,C2型4例)的患者,采用经肱三头肌内外侧联合入路,双钢板及髁间空心钉固定.结果 术后随访时间为8～18个月,平均15个月.根据Mayo评分系统(MEPS)评定:优5例,良2例.肘关节平均屈曲角度为(118.6±11.4)°,平均伸直角度丢失(22.9±12.1)°,肘关节携带角(20±5)°.无一例出现内固定松动、断裂.结论 经肱三头肌内外侧联合入路治疗C4、C2型肱骨髁间骨折是较理想的手术入路,具有暴露充分、骨折达到良好复位固定及术后早期康复等优点.     

Les fractures sus- et intercondyliennes de l’humerus chez l’enfant

Supra- and intercondylar elbow fractures are rare in children. The treatment of these fractures is controversial. The purpose of this report is to discuss diagnosis and treatment of this unusual injury. Our study looked at nine patients between six and 15 years old (average age: 11.5). In four patients, the fracture was T-condylar and in five patients, the fracture was epiphyseal–diaphyseal. Communition was noted in five cases. All fractures are secondary to high-energy trauma. All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Three patients had associated nervous lesions. Patients were reviewed at an average of 30 months follow-up and the results evaluated according to the criteria of Flynn. The results were good or excellent in six patients, fair in two patients and poor in one. Cubitus varus and limitation of elbow motion were the main complication. Supra- and intercondylar elbow fractures should be differentiated from the more common supracondylar humerus fractures. We recommended open reduction with internal fixation. Complications are due to the severity of the initial trauma and sometimes to defective treatment especially in the case of complex fracture.     

Triceps-sparing versus olecranon osteotomy for ORIF: analysis of 67 cases of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus

The purpose of this study was to compare the triceps-sparing approach with olecranon osteotomy regarding their effects on the functional outcomes of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), by reviewing 67 cases of intercondylar distal humerus fractures surgically managed with either of the approaches during 2001-2009. The medical records and radiographs of 30 male and 37 female patients, with a mean age of 44.5 years (range, 16-77) and a mean follow-up time of 34.3 months (range, 6-89), were retrospectively reviewed. Flexion, extension, arc of flexion/extension, pronation, supination, arc of pronation/supination and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) were used to assess the functional outcomes of intercondylar distal humerus fractures treated with ORIF through the triceps-sparing approach or olecranon osteotomy. According to the AO Foundation (AO) classification, there were 10 cases of C1, 28 cases of C2 and 29 cases of C3 fractures. At the time of review, all fractures had united. Although there was no overall statistically significant difference in the average flexion, extension, arc of flexion/extension, pronation, supination and arc of pronation/supination between the triceps-sparing group (n = 34) and the olecranon osteotomy group (n = 33), patients above 60 years of age tended to have more extension loss (mean 22.9°, range 0-55°) after ORIF via the triceps-sparing approach, compared with any other surgical approach/age combination group. In the triceps-sparing group, although only 37.5% of patients over the age of 60 years obtained excellent/good MEPS, the rate increased to 100% in patients aged less than 40 years of age (P < 0.05). By contrast, the rate of excellent/good MEPS remained above 80% in all age groups of patients treated with ORIF via olecranon osteotomy. In conclusion, ORIF via the triceps-sparing approach confers inferior functional outcomes for intercondylar distal humerus fractures in patients over the age of 60 years, for whom the olecranon osteotomy approach may be a better choice. However, for patients less than 60 years of age, especially those less than 40 years of age, either approach confers satisfactory outcomes.     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的中长期疗效观察

目的 观察尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的中长期疗效.方法 对30例采用尺骨鹰嘴截骨人路切开复位内固定治疗的肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折患者的5年以上随访资料进行回顾性研究,男14例,女16例;年龄16～67岁,平均38.8岁;左侧21例,右侧9例.按Riseborough-Radin分型,Ⅲ型14例,Ⅳ型16例.采用经尺骨纵轴垂直平面截骨18例,尖端在远端的多平面"V"形截骨6例,经尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜形截骨4例,2例合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者采用经骨折入路.采用Mayo肘关节功能评分对结果 进行评价并行统计学分析.结果 随访60～115个月,平均78.9个月.肘关节平均屈115.67°,伸-15.33°;Mayo评分为60～100分,平均86.83分,优14例,良12例,可4例;优良率为86.67%.尺骨鹰嘴截骨延迟愈合1例.低能量和高能量损伤患者Mayo评分平均为89.55分和79.38分;Riseborough-Radin Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型患者的Mayo评分平均为90.71分和83.44分;对三种截骨方法 进行Mayo评分,经尺骨纵轴垂直平面截骨平均为86.39分,尖端在远端的多平面"V"形截骨平均为91.67分,经尺骨鹰嘴关节外斜行截骨平均为90.00分.结论 尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路切开复位内固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的中长期疗效满意,截骨方法 对术后功能无明显影响.     

陈旧性肱骨远端冠状面骨折及其治疗

目的 探讨陈旧性肱骨远端冠状面骨折的诊断与治疗.方法 自2005年以来,对6例陈旧性肱骨远端骨折进行诊断与治疗.其中肱骨小头冠状面骨折4例,肱骨滑车冠状面骨折2例;受伤至就诊时间为8～16周,平均10.5周;肘关节平均活动度伸[(35±5)°,x/-±s,下同]、屈(50±10)°,前臂旋前(15±10)°、旋后(10±5)°.采用前外侧切口空心螺钉内固定,术后在带关节的外固定支架帮助下进行早期功能锻炼.结果 术后随访时间为4～18个月,平均11个月;骨折愈合时间为2～2.5个月,平均2.2个月.肘关节平均活动度为伸(15±9)°、屈(115±10)°,前臂旋前(65±5)°、旋后(70±5)°.1例并发尺神经麻痹症状者,经服用神经营养药物治疗,术后3个月恢复.按照Nayo肘关节评分标准评定:优3例,良2例,可1例;优良率为83.3%.结论 陈旧性肱骨小头与滑车的冠状面骨折易引起误诊,三维CT可明确诊断.术后在带关节的外固定支架帮助下进行早期功能锻炼,可获得较满意的关节功能.     

双解剖锁定板治疗C型肱骨髁间骨折疗效分析

目的观察切开复位双解剖锁定板治疗C型肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的早期疗效。方法对15例采用切开复位双解剖锁定板治疗的肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折患者进行回顾性研究,其中男10例,女5例;年龄24~67岁,平均40.8岁。致伤原因为跌伤9例,交通事故伤4例,高处坠落伤2例。合并尺神经损伤1例。左侧9例,右侧6例,均为闭合性损伤。按AO/ASIF分类,C1型3例,C2型8例,C3型4例。所有病例均行后路肱三头肌舌形肌瓣入路双解剖锁定板固定,同组医生手术,术后早期活动,定期复查。术后2周、6周、10周、14周、22周按Cassebaum肘关节功能评分系统评定术后肘关节功能。术后1年、4年用Mayo肘关节功能评分对结果进行评价。结果随访12~48个月,平均19.4个月。术后22周Cassebaum评分,优9例,良5例,可1例,优良率为86%。Mayo评分为60~100分,均分90.8分,优10例,良4例,可1例,优良率为93.3%。结论切开复位双解剖锁定板治疗C型肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折早期疗效满意。