间歇性高容量血液滤过治疗严重脓毒症急性肾损伤的疗效观察

目的:探讨间歇性高容量血液滤过(PHVHF)治疗严重脓毒症急性肾损伤(SAKI)的疗效。方法:我院ICU2011年6月~2014年10月收治的SAKI患者40例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,两组患者均为20例。治疗组给予HVHF60 ml·kg-1·h-1每日治疗8~13 h,对照组给予CVVH 30 ml·kg-1·h-1治疗24~72 h,必要时重复治疗时间,观察治疗前、后两组SAKI患者急性生理学与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分、血流动力学指标、血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血白细胞、C反应蛋白指标、肾功能开始改善时间、ICU住院时间以及60 d生存率。结果:治疗后PHVHF组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、血清中TNF-α和IL-6、血白细胞、C反应蛋白指标、肾功能改善时间、ICU住院时间、60 d生存率与CVVH组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),CVVH组血流动力学指标较PHVHF组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PHVHF可作为治疗SAKI的有效治疗手段,且经济实用,减少费用、耗材及人力成本。     

原位肝移植围术期肺血管通透性和肺功能的变化

目的 研究非静脉转流原位肝移植术(OLT)围术期胸内血容量、肺血管通透性、肺氧合功能及肺内分流的改变以及相互关系.方法 18例终末期肝病患者行OLT,监测不同时点血流动力学参数、胸腔内血容积指数(ITBVI)、血管外肺水(EVLW)、血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)、肺血管通透性(PVPI)等指标.同时根据血气分析,计算肺泡一动脉氧分压差(A-aDO2)、肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)变化.结果 ITBVI在下腔静脉阻断15 min后逐渐下降(P<0.05),而在新肝期15 min立刻明显升高(P<0.05),术后30 h内逐渐恢复至术前水平.PVPI在下腔静脉阻断15 min时明显增加(P<0.05),而当新肝期15 min时明显降低(P<0.01).A-aDO2在新肝早期较诱导后5 min明显下降(P<0.05).Qs/Qt在新肝期后各时点均较诱导后5 min明显增高(P<0.05),术后10 h逐渐恢复.ITBVI与Qs/Qt明显相关(r=0.291,P<0.01),与A-aDO2呈负相关(r=-0.271,P<0.01).结论 OLT患者在围术期肺血管通透性有明显改变.新肝灌注后ITBVI的增加可能是影响了肺功能的主要原因,而肺毛细血管的通透性的改变及血管外肺水增加并不如预计的明显.     

侵及肺血管肺癌的手术方法分析

目的 探讨一种新的更为安全的肺血管受肿瘤侵犯或紧密粘连,导致肺癌手术困难时提高手术切除率的方法.方法 选择适当患者,术中游离肺动、静脉主干,绕10号丝线套橡皮管阻断后再进行肺肿瘤的切除与肺血管的处理,使手术在一种无血状态下进行.结果 全组手术切除率达100%,72%的患者未输血,1例出现急性肺水肿,2例出现急性心律失常,全组患者均康复出院.结论 应用套线阻断控制肺动、静脉主干的方法对侵及肺血管肺癌的患者手术具有简便、安全、最大限度清除肿瘤等优点,可明显地减少手术出血,提高肿瘤切除率.     

血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的前瞻性临床研究

目的 前瞻性研究血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床效果.方法 遵循随机对照的实验方法,将哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院2004年1月至2007年8月治疗的重症急性胰腺炎37例,按发病72 h内是否接受血液滤过分为实验组(血液滤过组,n=17)与对照组(非血液滤过组,n=20),比较两组病人的APACHEⅡ评分、呼吸功能和血流动力学状态、血浆细胞因子等指标.结果 实验组病人的APACHEⅡ评分、血流动力学指标、呼吸功能、血浆细胞因子在血液滤过6 h后明显改善(P<0.05);与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);72 h后两组间差距缩小;7 d后组间监测指标比较无统计学意义;实验组和对照组病人的平均住院时间[(23.7±4.7)dvs(30.5±6.0)d]、中转手术率(17.6%vs 35.0%)和病死率(5.9%vs 15%)比较有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 重症急性胰腺炎早期进行血液滤过可以有效改善临床症状,预防全身炎症反应综合征和多器官功能障碍综合征,缩短平均住院时间,降低中转手术率和病死率.     

高容量血液滤过治疗心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭

目的探讨高容量血液滤过(HVHF)对心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭的治疗效果。方法对11例心脏手术后并发急性肾功能衰竭的患者行HVHF治疗,观察治疗前、治疗结束时的心率、平均动脉压、肾功能、动脉血气和电解质的变化;记录治疗前、治疗后24h4、8h、72h和96h去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素的用量情况。结果经HVHF治疗后心率明显减慢(P<0.01),平均动脉压显著上升(P<0.01),血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸水平均显著下降(P<0.01),动脉血氧分压明显升高(P<0.01),血钾明显降低(P<0.01);治疗后的24h、48h、72h和96h去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素的剂量逐渐减少,血压逐渐上升(P<0.05)。结论HVHF是治疗心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭的有效方法。     

围肝移植期肺保护研究进展

等待肝移植的晚期重症肝硬化患者常出现门肺分流、肺血管扩张以及肺毛细血管的通透性增加等肝-肺综合征的表现，使患者在术前肺功能就处于临界状态。在围肝移植术期，血管内容量的剧烈变化、输液液体类型选择不当、血流动力学剧烈波动等因素，均可加剧临界状态肺功能的损害，导致术中和术后潜在肺水肿、术后呼吸机的带机时间延长、肺部并发症发生率升高甚至患者死亡。因此，充分理解晚期肝硬化的病生理学特征，有助于围肝移植期患者的肺功能干预和保护，降低并发症发生。     

以血浆作透析液的血液透析联合高容量血液滤过对胆红素的体外清除

目的以人体新鲜冰冻血浆作透析液行血液透析（HD-PBD）后继续进行高容量血液滤过（HVHF）治疗肝功能衰竭患者，研究其对血清胆红素的体外清除及探讨其清除机制。方法15例肝功能衰竭患者行HD-PBD治疗6h后，应用同一滤器（AV600）继续行HVHF治疗24h，作为观察组。以6例行HVHF治疗24h的高胆红素血症患者作为对照组。分别在HD-PBD治疗5min（T0）、2h（T1）、4h（T2）和6h（T3）及HVHF治疗5min（t0）、6h（t1）、12h（t2）和24h（t3）取滤器动脉端和静脉端血液，流入端和流出端透析液及滤出液，测定各时间点标本胆红素水平，并用公式计算其体外清除量。结果（1）HD-PBD联合HVHF治疗肝衰竭患者的总有效率为93.3％，无明显不良反应发生。（2）HD-PBD对胆红素的清除显著高于HVHF（P〈0．05）。（3）HD-PBD通过弥散和吸附的体外清除量在T0时最高，分别为（15．6±5．6）mmol／min和（10-3±3．2）mmol／min，滤器使用4～6h后作用下降。（4）HVHF以吸附清除为主，t0时吸附清除量最大，占总清除量的77％～98％，12h以后吸附清除量和所占清除比例显著下降，而滤过清除量相对恒定。（5）HD-PBD的胆红素体外清除总量和所占清除比例均高于HVHF（P〈0．05）。（6）在HVHF阶段，观察组总胆红素（TB）的吸附系数在治疗12h后明显降低，而对照组TB的吸附系数在治疗24h后明显降低。结论HD-PBD清除胆红素的机制主要为弥散和吸附；HVHF清除胆红素的机制主要为吸附，但清除效果低于HD-PBD。     

肺移植受者围手术期血管外肺水、肺血管通透性及氧合指数的变化

肺移植手术术中血流动力学变化急剧,移植肺的病理生理和呼吸功能变化复杂多样,多伴急性肺损伤。血管外肺水（extravascular lung water,ELW）、肺血管通透性（pulmonary vascular permeablity,PVP）是反映急性肺损伤病理改变的两项主要客观指标,氧合指数[动脉血氧分压（PaO2）/吸入氧浓度（FiO2）]则是反应肺功能状态的临床主要指标。     

血管外肺水和肺血管通透性的监测与临床应用

血管外肺水和肺血管通透性作为反映肺病理生理的指标,其测定的方法经不断的改进,从最初的离体动物实验到现在比较成熟的PICCO法.血管外肺水和胸腔内血容量比中心静脉压和肺小动脉楔压更能反映心脏前负荷的状况,血管外肺水和肺血管通透性可以反映肺损伤的程度,并对危重病患者的监测和治疗有较大的指导意义.随着PICCO技术的逐渐推广,今后两者在临床上的应用会更加广泛,在今后的研究上,如何降低血管外肺水和肺血管高通透性,减轻肺损伤,用何种方法或药物降是今后研究的方向.     

血液滤过与细胞因子的研究进展

本文综述了血液滤过对细胞因子如TNF,IL-1的影响,血液滤过对血浆TNF,IL-1的清除作用不明显,但能改善部分患者的血流动力学和肺的氧合功能,提高存活率。     

Perioperative intra- and extravascular volume in liver transplant recipients

Assessing adequate volemia to avoid fluid overload and pulmonary edema perioperatively in liver transplantation (LT) is a challenge both for the anesthetist and the intensivist. Volumetric preload indices, such as intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI), measured by transpulmonary thermodilution, and continuous end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), measured by pulmonary artery thermodilution, were shown to better reflect preload than central venous pressure (CVP) or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP). An ITBVI increase soon after the graft reperfusion influenced pulmonary perfusion without an alteration of extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and without impaired oxygenation. This study was designed to evaluate relationships between CVP, PAOP, ITBVI, EDVI, and stroke volume index (SVI) within 48 hours after LT. We also investigated the relationship between EVLWI and arterial partial pressure of oxygen and inspired oxigen fraction ratio (PaO₂/FiO₂).

Methods

We enrolled 125 patients (103 men and 22 women) undergoing LT. All patients were monitored with the PiCCO system (Pulsion Medical System) and with advanced pulmonary artery catheter connected to the Vigilance System. Hemodynamic-volumetric data were collected upon intensive care unit admission and every 8 hours up to 48 hours. Univariate and multivariate regression models were fitted to assess associations between SVI and EDVI, ITBVI, and filling pressures after adjusting for the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF, categorized as ≤30, 31-40, or >40) and the phase of the observation period. We also assessed associations between PaO₂/FiO₂ and EVLWI.

Results

SVI was associated with EDVI, ITBVI, and RVEF. The models showing the best fit to the data were those including EDVI and ITBVI. Neither CVP nor PAOP showed correlation with SVI. EVLWI inversely correlated with PaO₂/FiO₂.

Conclusions

In the first 48 hours after LT, ITBVI and EDVI were associated with SVI assessment, whereas CVP and PAOP were not related. EVLWI significantly inversely correlated with PaO₂/FiO₂.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉注射液对急性颅内高压伴失血性休克犬复苏的实验研究

目的：探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液（以下简称高渗盐复合液．HSH）对急性颅内高压伴失血性休克犬复苏的影响及机制。方法：30条犬随机分为6组．分别为①7.5％Nacl组,⑦林格氏液组,③羟乙基淀粉组④HSH组分4ml/kg、8ml/kg、12ml/kg三个剂量组．每组5只．采用硬膜外球囊注水和动脉放血的方法复制急性颅内高压伴失血性休克模型,各组分别在休克1小时后输入①6ml／kg7.5％Nacl（HS）,②3倍失血量林格氏液（RL）③1倍失血量羟乙基淀粉（HES）,④4ml kgHSH（HSH4）,⑤8ml/kgHSH（HSH8）⑥12ml／kgHSH（HSH12）、观察复苏后颅内压（ICP）,平均动脉压（MAP）的变化并检测复苏后30min,1h,2h,4h的血钠（Na＋）和血浆渗透压（OSM）的值。检测脑组织丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,脑组织标本行病理学检查。结果：1复苏前各组MAP、ICP相似无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。2与复苏前相比．复苏后各组均能显著提高MAP（P〈0.01）,各组间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）．但HSH组反应速度最快,除Hs组2小时后显著下降外（P〈001）其它各组均能维持4小时。3与复苏前相比．复苏后RL组与HES组的ICP显著上升（P〈0.01）,分别在1小时和4小时达到高峰,HS组和HSH组显著降低ICP（P〈0.01）,均在1h内下降至最低值．HSH8组,HSH12组和Hs组降低ICP无统计学意义（P〉0.05）．但均比HSH4组明显（P〈O.05）除HSH4组在2小时后回升至复苏前水平．其它各组在4小时后仍接近基础值水平。4复苏后Hs组和HSH组的血Na＋和血浆OSM均明显升高,升高幅度最高为Hs,最低为HSH4。5HSH组脑组织氧自由基含量较其他组明显减少（P〈0.05）。病理学检查显示复苏后4h,HSH组的脑组织损伤较其他缉轻。结论：对于急性颅内高压伴失血性休克的犬模型,HSH能有效纠正休克和降低颅内压,减少氧自由基生成．改善脑水肿。     

子痫前期围术期持续静脉滴注呋塞米的临床价值

目的探讨子痫前期围手术期应用呋塞米静脉滴注的疗效。方法将笔者所在医院产科收治的重度子痫前期行剖宫产治疗患者103例随机分为观察组51例,对照组52例。两组均进行常规围手术期治疗,观察组同时还给予呋塞米持续静滴。观察两组患者血氧饱和度、尿量、肺水肿发生情况等,并进行比较。结果两组术后平均动脉压均显著下降,组间比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后两组24h尿量均明显增加（P〈0.05）,且观察组较对照组增加,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后观察组急性肺水肿发生率为3.9%,对照组为19.2%,两组急性肺水肿发生率差异有统计学意义（x2=4.71,P〈0.05）。结论呋塞米持续静脉滴注能显著降低重度子痫前期患者血压,促进其尿量恢复,显著降低术后肺水肿发生率。     

小剂量甲基泼尼龙注射液对严重创伤患者血管外肺水指数的影响

目的临床观察小剂量甲基泼尼龙注射液对严重创伤患者血管外肺水（EVLW）的影响,以评价甲泼尼松龙注射液对严重创伤的治疗作用。方法根据创伤严重程度评分（ISS）选取38例严重创伤患者,随机分成甲泼尼龙治疗组（n=20）和对照组（n=18）,均接PICCO监护仪测得治疗前、治疗后第1、3、5天EVLWI,并同步监测氧合指数（PaO2/FIO2）和免疫指标HLA—DR,对两组所得数据进行统计学分析。结果@EVLWI：对照组在3天时EVLWI升高,5天开始下降,而甲泼尼龙治疗组EvLwI3天后开始下降,5天时降至正常,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;甲泼尼龙治疗组在治疗后3、5天,EVLWI有明显下降（P〈0．05）。（爹氧合指数：甲泼尼龙治疗组第3天时氧合指数正常,较治疗前有明显升高（P〈0．01）,对照组氧合指数在5天升至正常,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③HLA—DR：两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论甲泼尼龙注射液通过抑制全身炎性反应,能降低严重创伤患者的血管外肺水指数,改善患者的氧合,同时HLA—DR未下降,提示甲泼尼龙能改善严重创伤后肺损伤,同时对患者免疫功能影响较小。     

Risk factors and the associated limit values for abnormal elevation of extravascular lung water in severely burned adults

BackgroundIncreased extravascular lung water (EVLW) correlates with pulmonary morbidity and mortality in critical illness. The extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), which reflects the degree of EVLW in an individual, increases in the fluid reabsorption stage rather than the initial resuscitation stage in severe burn cases. While many factors contribute to EVLWI variation, the risk factors contributing to its abnormal elevation in severe burns remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and associated limit values for abnormal elevation of EVLWI during the fluid reabsorption stage in a cohort of severely burned adults.MethodThis prospective, single-center study included only adults with burn sizes ≥ 50% of the total body surface area (TBSA) who were admitted within 24 h after burn. Demographic data were collected, and transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) measurements and blood biochemistry tests were performed upon admission and up to day (PBD) 9. Risk factors for abnormal EVLWI were analyzed by logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the optimal cut-offs for each risk factor.ResultsSeventy-two patients were ultimately enrolled, with a mean age of 40.3 years and mean burn size of 69.4% TBSA. EVLWI began to abnormally increase (>7 ml/kg) on day 3 and up to PBD 9, indicating that a supranormal EVLWI developed in the fluid reabsorption stage. Several relevant factors were considered, including patient age, burn size, intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), serum albumin, time of first excision and grafting, and number of operations and daily fluid administration. Among these factors, we found that only burn size and ITBVI were significantly correlated with EVLWI variation and were further identified as the independent risk factors for EVLWI abnormality. ROC analysis showed that the limits for predicting a supranormal EVLWI during the fluid reabsorption stage were 65.5% TBSA for burn size and 845 ml/m² for ITBVI. Patients with burn sizes or ITBVIs higher than the limit showed significantly longer mechanical ventilation time and substantially higher occurrences of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia within two weeks after burn.ConclusionsBurn size and ITBVI are the independent risk factors for EVLWI abnormality during the fluid reabsorption stage in severely burned adults. The limit values for predicting a supranormal EVLWI in those patients are 65.5% TBSA for burn size and 845 ml/m² for ITBVI.     

乌司他丁对骨骼肌细胞热应激条件下释放炎症因子的影响

目的：研究乌司他丁对于热应激条件下骨骼肌细胞（HMF）释放IL-6和TNF-α的影响.方法：人骨骼肌细胞株（HMF）培养后分为对照组（细胞置于37 ℃、5%CO2浓度培养箱中培养）、43 ℃热应激后0h组（细胞置于43 ℃细胞培养箱中培养1 h）;43 ℃热应激后6 h组（细胞置于43 ℃细胞培养箱中培养1 h,再置于37 ℃、5%CO2浓度培养箱中培养6 h）;43 ℃热应激＋乌司他丁后0 h组（细胞培养液中加入3 000 U/ml乌司他丁并置于43 ℃细胞培养箱中培养1 h）;43 ℃热应激＋乌司他丁后6 h组（细胞培养液中加入3 000 U/ml乌司他丁并置于43 ℃细胞培养箱中培养1 h,再置于37 ℃、5%CO2浓度培养箱中 6 h）.双抗体夹心ELISA 法测定各组培养上清中IL-6和TNF-α浓度.结果：43 ℃热应激0 h和6 h组,HMF释放 IL-6、TNF-α水平均较37 ℃对照组明显升高（P＜0.05）.HMF与乌司他丁共孵育可明显降低热应激1 h后37 ℃培养0 h和6 h时IL-6、TNF-α的释放水平.结论：乌司他丁可抑制热应激条件下HMF释放IL-6和TNF-α.     

丙酮酸腹膜透析液对大鼠失血性休克静脉液体复苏后腹腔脏器的保护作用

目的：研究丙酮酸腹腔透析液对大鼠失血性休克静脉液体复苏后腹腔脏器的保护作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组（n=10）。大鼠按全身血容量的45％经股动脉放血制作失血性休克模型。单纯静脉复苏组（VR组）于休克1h后回输失血及2倍失血量的乳酸钠林格液行静脉复苏,其余3组在上述静脉复苏基础上,分别腹腔注射生理盐水（DPR组）、乳酸钠透析液（L组）、丙酮酸钠透析液（P组）20ml行腹腔复苏,时间30min。分别于休克前（O时）及休克后60（静脉复苏前）、180（腹腔复苏后1h）、360rain（腹腔复苏后4h）用PICCO心肺容量监测仪监测大鼠平均动脉压（MAP）;激光多普勒血流仪测定休克后180min和360min肝、肾和小肠黏膜血流量;生化法测定休克前及休克后180、360min血丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性和肌酐（cr）水平;干／湿比重法测定休克后180、360min肝、肾、肠各组织含水率。结果：失血性休克后各组MAP骤降至（35±5）mmHg;休克后60min时,各组大鼠MAP无明显差异（P〉0．05）。腹腔复苏后,与VR组比较,L和P组均能显著提高失血性休克大鼠MAP（P〈0．05）,降低血ALT、Cr和DAO水平,减轻肝、肾、肠组织含水率,提高腹腔脏器血流量（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,在失血后360min时,P组的上述变化较其余复苏组更为显著。结论：丙酮酸腹腔透析液对大鼠失血性休克静脉液体复苏后腹腔脏器具有保护作用。     

大鼠原位肝移植术后早期死亡的原因分析及处理策略

目的通过建立大鼠原位肝移植（orthotopic liver transplantation,OLT）模型,分析术后24 h内大鼠死亡的原因,并探索改进方法。方法采用改良Kamada二袖套法制作大鼠OLT模型300只,记录OLT手术各阶段所用的时间及大鼠术后的生存时间。按生存时间将大鼠进行分组：术中死亡组、〈6 h组、6-24 h组及〉24 h组。比较4组大鼠OLT中各手术阶段的时间,并分析术后大鼠生存时间短于24 h的原因,以探索改进策略。结果300只大鼠OLT模型中,于术中死亡37只,占12.33%;术后6 h内死亡51只,占17.00%;术后6-24 h内死亡76只,占25.33%;术后24 h时仍存活136只,占45.34%。〈6 h组大鼠的前3位死因依次为术中失血过多、术后出血及血管栓塞,分别占27.45%（14/51）、27.45%（14/51）及15.69%（8/51）;6-24 h组大鼠的前3位死因依次为血管狭窄、术后出血及肺水肿,分别占27.63%（21/76）、21.05%（16/76）及19.74%（15/76）。4组大鼠的冷缺血时间和无肝期均不同或不全相同（P〈0.05）,术中死亡组的冷缺血时间长于其余3组（P〈0.05）,且〉24 h组的冷缺血时间短于〈6组和6-24组（P〈0.05）;术中死亡组的无肝期长于其余3组（P〈0.05）。结论导致OLT早期死亡的原因有很多,无肝期及冷缺血时间过长、术中及术后出血、血管栓塞、血管狭窄及肺水肿均是关键因素,对于引起上述原因操作的改进有助于提高大鼠OLT的建模成功率及质量。     

Case of transfusion-related acute lung injury associated with severe intraoperative hypoxemia

A 39-year-old woman, undergoing debridement and flap reconstruction for a soft tissue infection in an upper limb, developed transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and hypoxemia after an intraoperative transfusion. Perioperatively, she received 8 units of packed red blood cells (RBCs) and 5 units of fresh frozen plasma. Shortly thereafter, hemoglobin oxygen saturation decreased from 100% to 94%, as measured with a pulse oximeter. Chest radiography showed diffuse bilateral pulmonary edema without heart enlargement and echocardiography revealed normal cardiac function. Based on the findings and clinical course, we diagnosed TRALI, started respiratory support with positive endexpiratory pressure ventilation, and administrated sivelestat and dopamine. Hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular permeability were assessed using transpulmonary thermodilution method (PiCCO, PULSION Medical Systems), which enabled determination of cardiac output and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI). EVLWI is useful for quantification of pulmonary edema, a beneficial indicator of cardiorespiratory management. Pulmonary edema improved and the trachea was extubated 34 hours after surgery. Antibodies against HLA were detected in the RBC donor serum sample, and a crossmatch test between the patient lymphocytes and donor serum was positive. We concluded that perioperative transfusion of blood components has a potential to provoke serious TRALI.     

切口浸润罗哌卡因对全麻下甲状腺手术患者血流动力学的影响

目的：观察0．5％罗哌卡因局部切口浸润对患者在全麻下行甲状腺手术时的血流动力学的影响。方法：采用随机、双盲、对照设计，将40例甲状腺择期手术患者分为罗哌卡因组（A组）和生理盐水组（B组），每组各20例．全麻诱导后气管插管，持续吸入异氟醚维持麻醉直至手术结束．术中使用Bls监测麻醉深度，维持在50～60之间．切皮前10分钟分别用05％罗哌卡因10ml和09％生理盐水10ml进行切口局部皮下浸润，两组溶液均未加入肾上腺素。记录手术前、切口浸润即刻．切皮即刻及其后1分钟．2分钟、5分钟、缝合皮下组织、缝合皮肤时的平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）。结果：罗哌卡因组切皮后1分钟，2分钟、5分钟、缝合皮下组织、缝合皮肤时的MAP、HR均低于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）。结论；0.5％罗哌卡因切口浸润麻醉．有效地预防了早状腺手术患者在全麻手术时切皮、缝合皮下组织、缝合皮肤时血压和心率的升高。