rhIL-11对8.0Gy 60Co γ射线照射小鼠肠道损伤的防治作用研究

目的研究重组人白介素11(rhIL-11)对小鼠小肠上皮辐射损伤的防治作用。方法采用^60Coγ射线照射小鼠模型,观察rhIL-11照射前后给药对小鼠小肠上皮形态、隐窝细胞坏死和细胞增生的影响,用流式细胞仪检测小鼠小肠上皮细胞周期的变化。结果照射前给药对小肠隐窝辐射损伤有显著防护作用,照后给药具有促进恢复作用。照射后小肠上皮细胞发生明显的G2期阻滞,rhIL-11作用后使阻滞更明显并能提高S期细胞比例。结论rhIL-11对小鼠小肠辐射损伤具有明显的防护作用,可能与其对细胞周期的调控相关。     

5-烷基-1, 2-二硫环戊烷-3-羧酸及其衍生物的合成和辐射防护作用

本文道了5-烷基l, 2-二硫环戊烷-3-羧酸及其衍生物的台成和辐射防护作用。划接受900R⁶⁰Coγ线照射的小鼠照前10分钟或照后立即腹腔注射化台物4, 6、10、13、11或15可提高活存率40～50%.其中胺基脂类化合物10和12照后立即给药的效果优于照前给药。酰胺类化合物17不仅腹腔注射给药有效, 而且口服给药也可提高存活率80%.     

超氧化物歧化酶的辐射防护作用

本研究甩照射小鼠的活存率和外源性脾结节法评价了牛红细胞SOD的辐射防护作用.小鼠受875拉德γ射线照射前1小时静脉注射200mg/kgSOD可提高活存率50%,照后给药无效.小鼠受350拉德照射前或照射后静脉注射200或35mg/kg SOD,都能明显提高骨髓CFU-S的形成能力与总量,照后给药效果较低.照前与照后各注射一次35mg/kg SOD,可加强SOD对CFU-S的防护效果.照前腹腔注射或皮下注射SOD对骨髓造血干细胞也有良好的辐射防护作用.对SOD的辐射防护效果及其作用机制进行了讨论.     

猴头菇多糖的抗辐射作用实验研究

目的　探讨猴头菇多糖对受６－２５～８－５ Ｇｙ γ射线照射小鼠的辐射防护作用。方法　给药组小鼠分别于照射前或照射后１ 小时于腹腔内注射猴头菇多糖生理盐水溶液,一次给药,剂量为３０ ｍｇ或１５ ｍｇ,观察动物的３０ 天存活情况及骨髓ＤＮＡ含量。结果　给药组的３０ 天存活率比对照组提高３５ ％ ～９７－５％ ,骨髓ＤＮＡ含量比对照组明显增加,差异均有非常显著性（ Ｐ＜０－０１） 。结论　猴头菇多糖对受照小鼠有明显的辐射防护作用,值得进一步研究。     

若干香豆素衍生物对小鼠抗辐射作用的研究

本文报道了9个香豆素衍生物对小鼠的抗辐射作用。其中4-甲基-6-烯丙基-7-乙酰氧基香豆素(8211),4,5′-二甲基呋喃并香豆素(8214),4-甲基-7-羟基-8-烯丙基香豆素(8216),4-甲基-7-乙酰氧基-8-烯丙基香豆素(8224)和补骨脂素(即呋喃并香豆素,8406)于照前给药有抗放作用,而8211,8216和8224照后给药亦有效。8224照前给药对骨髓型辐射损伤的剂量减低系数(DRF)为1.24,对肠型损伤小鼠能提高照后7天活存率26％;照后给药对骨髓型损伤小鼠可提高活存率60％。这类化合物对造血组织的辐射损伤亦有显著的保护作用。     

蜜环菌C-C等多糖对正常和荷瘤小鼠外周血T、B淋巴细胞的作用

本文用细胞化学方法研究了腹腔注入蜜环菌C-C等8种精制后的多糖对正常和荷瘤小鼠外周血T、B淋巴细胞的作用,使用的多糖为精制后的蜜环菌C-C、蜜环菌C—A、柴胡Ⅲ5311(Ⅰ)、当归Ⅱ(Ⅰ)、菊叶梅衣W、菊叶梅衣ST、拟菊叶梅衣W及海星多糖。皮下注入的瘤细胞为S180。研究结果指出:柴胡Ⅲ5311(Ⅰ)可增加正常小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞百分数;蜜环菌C-C与菊叶梅衣ST可明显地降低荷瘤小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞百分数。讨论了8种粗制及精制后的多糖腹腔注入对正常和荷瘤小鼠外周血T、B淋巴细胞作用的异同以及荷瘤小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞百分数明显下降与抑瘤效应的关系。     

银耳多糖注射剂保护辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的研究

目的 研究银耳多糖注射剂对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的防护作用。方法 用内源性脾结节形成,股骨有核细胞计数及脾脏指数等方法观察银耳多糖在6mg/kg、12mg/kg、24mg/kg三个剂量时对137Csγ射线照射7.5Gy后小鼠造血功能的影响。结果 照射前连续3d给药,照后第9天受照小鼠的股骨有核细胞数、脾结节和脾指数与对照组相比有明显的增高,经统计学处理有显著性差异。结论 银耳多糖对辐射损伤小鼠造血系统具有保护作用。     

雄甾与二甾体醚对小鼠造血干细胞的辐射防护作用

照前注射TP、19-NOR或ETIO,对700rad照射小鼠造血组织有防护作用,可提高照后7天骨髓有核细胞数、CEU-S含量和DNA含量及内源性脾结节数.照后给药无效.雌二醇与雄甾或孕甾结合的二甾体醚对照射小鼠骨髓CEU-S也有防护作用,主要是促进造血干细胞损伤的恢复.     

尼尔雌醇照前多次给药对骨髓型急性放射病小鼠的防护作用及其机制研究

目的 了解抗放药尼尔雌醇照前不同给药方案对⁶⁰Co γ射线照射所致小鼠骨髓型急性放射病的防护效应的影响,并揭示其促造血恢复机制。方法 采用外周血象分析和存活率实验确定尼尔雌醇较优给药方案,再以骨髓造血干/祖细胞表面标志分析、多系骨髓细胞集落及骨髓HE病理切片等方法,分析尼尔雌醇照前2次间隔给药促进照后骨髓造血恢复的作用机制。结果 尼尔雌醇照前3次间隔给药与2次间隔给药均能提高9.0 Gy照射小鼠存活率至100%,明显优于1次给药(20%, χ²=21.66、21.66,P<0.05)。尼尔雌醇照前3次连续给药与2次间隔给药均能改善6.5 Gy照射小鼠外周血白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板和红细胞的恢复(F=21.33、100.9、49.34、19.19, P<0.05),且比1次给药效果好(F=17.11、63.38、21.89、14.37, P<0.05)。尼尔雌醇2次间隔给药显著提高6.5 Gy照射后小鼠10 d骨髓造血干、祖细胞数(t=8.58、2.80, P<0.05);显著增强小鼠骨髓造血细胞集落形成能力,与1次给药相比,差异有统计学意义(t=4.29、6.34, P<0.05)。同时,2次间隔给药明显改善照射小鼠骨髓象的重建。结论 与传统的照前单次给药相比,尼尔雌醇照前多次给药可显著提升其对小鼠骨髓型急性放射病的辐射防护效果。考虑到核医学应急救援的实际情况,建议尼尔雌醇照前采用间隔1 d的给药方式,在减少尼尔雌醇给药次数情况下,以获得最佳的抗放效果。     

雌三醇衍生物对小鼠骨髓造血干细胞的放射防护作用

大量实验证明,照射前给予雌激素类药物对小鼠和狗的急性辐射损伤均有肯定的防护作用。这不仅表现在提高照射动物的活存率,而且也表现在保护造血细胞方面。过去观察雌激素对照射小鼠造血组织的防护效果多观察照后早期和单个时间点骨髓细胞某些指标,或造血干细胞某种变化,对照射动物造血干细胞辐射敏感性的影响及照后造血干细胞的损伤与恢复的动态过程则很少报导。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.