中度急性放射病的诊断

本文报道了40例中、晚期恶性淋巴瘤病人采用⁶⁰Coγ线一次全淋巴区照射6,8Gy的临床表现。若按病人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变估算这一剂量, 则相当于一次全身均匀照射条件下血液平均受照剂量分别为2.73～4.30Gy(平均3.55Gy)和3.48～5.58Gy(平均4.25Gy).按红骨髓千细胞法估算等效剂量为1.85～2.37Gy.可以见到中度急性放射病的临床经过, 表现为消化道反应和造血免疫功能受损, 骨髓受到抑制。白细胞, 血小板迅速减少, 淋巴细胞在早期就有质和量的变化。所有这些均是有意义的诊断指标。此外, 唇肌刺激反应、C反应蛋白、皮质醇, 尿中核苷和碱基, 照射前后皆有显着改变。因此利用肿瘤病人进行6～8Gy全淋巴区照射可以作出中度急性放射病的早期诊断。     

3例急性放射病患者恢复期骨髓细胞形态学观察

笔者从骨髓细胞形态学角度观察了 3例重、中度骨髓型急性放射病 (ARS)患者进入恢复期后血细胞的变化 ,以期为放射病临床研究积累资料。一、材料和方法1 .对象 :河南“4 2 6”60 Co源辐射事故中 ,3例重、中度骨髓型ARS患者。其中 ,重度病例“例 1” ,女性 ,38岁 ,不均匀照射 ,造血干细胞活存计权等效剂量 5 .0Gy ;中度病例“例2” ,男性 ,8岁 ,不均匀照射 ,造血干细胞活存计权等效剂量2 .6Gy;另一中度病例“例 3” ,男性 ,37岁 ,均匀照射 ,造血干细胞活存计权等效剂量 2 .3Gy。3例患者在第 9天转入我院救治 ,第 33天 ,2例中度骨髓型ARS…     

一例医疗性极重度骨髓型急性放射病临床救治

一例慢性粒细胞性白血病(慢粒)病人经大剂量全身照射(TBI,70Gy)和化疗[柔红霉素(DNR)80mg.静脉滴入;环磷酰胺(CY)每天40mg/kg,静脉滴入,连续两天]预处理后进行同种异基因骨髓移植(Allo-BMT)治疗,因严重的过敏反应,骨髓细胞来能植入而成为一例典型的极重度骨髓型急性放射病,白细胞最低值为2.2×10⁷/L(+7天),在1.0×10⁹/L以下达66天,血小板最低值10.0×⁹/L(+20天),第90天仍为20.0×⁹/L,经住入无菌层流洁净病室,严格无菌隔离,大剂量联台交替应用抗感染药物,改善微循环,输全血,输液等积极综合对症治疗后得以存活,说明部份极重度骨髓型急性放射病病例,即使不经骨髓移植,也是能够救治的.此外本例慢粒病人经放化疗后活存至今已25个月,距发病已37个月.     

局部屏蔽对裂变中子照射狗的防护作用——Ⅱ.照射剂量对防护效果的影响

在使狗产生轻度肠型(3Gy 照射)、极重度骨髓型(3和2.65Gy 照射)和重度骨髓型(2Gy 照射)中子急性放射病的全身照射剂量条件下,使用含硼橡胶屏蔽狗的下腹+骨盆部,均可使病情减轻。3Gy 和2.65Gy 时减轻为重度骨髓型放射病,2Gy 时减轻为中度骨髓型放射病。从屏蔽狗的活存率、临床症状及外周血白细胞数看,剂量低时比剂量高时的屏蔽效果明显。     

3例中度骨髓型急性放射病照后8年医学随访观察

2000年2月27日, 成都某⁶⁰Co 辐照场发生一起3人同时受到γ射线意外照射事故, 造成3例中度骨髓型急性放射病。     

γ线不同剂量照射后小鼠胃排空功能的动态变化

本文观察了~(60)Coγ线1.5～12.0Gy照射后30天内小鼠胃排空的动态变化过程.小鼠经1.5及3.0Gy照射,即轻度骨髓型放射病时,胃排空基本无改变或改变较轻微.6.0Gy照射,即中度骨髓型放射病时,早期胃排空明显抑制,一周左右出现短暂加速,然后恢复正常.9.0Gy照射,即重度骨髓型放射病时,早期胃排空抑制更为严重,7～9天虽有加速,但动物死前(13天)胃排空再度抑制.12.0Gy照射,即极重度骨髓型或轻度肠型放射病时,自照后1h始,至动物死亡止,胃排空始终处于高度抑制状态.未见到任何恢复趋势.照射剂量和胃排空损伤程度间有一定的量-效关系.     

细胞因子联合对4.5 Gy γ射线照射 比格犬的实验治疗作用

目的 观察细胞因子新的组合(rhG-CSF+rhIL-11+rhIL-2)对骨髓型急性放射病(ARS)比格犬的治疗作用。方法 以4.5 Gy  ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射比格犬制备骨髓型ARS动物模型,动物分为照射对照(5只)、综合对症(5只)和综合对症加细胞因子治疗3组(6只),通过观察动物体征、存活时间、存活数以及动物造血及胃肠道等脏器的恢复情况,分析细胞因子联合治疗效果。结果 4.5 Gy  ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射后,比格犬出现食欲下降、发热、精神状态差和柏油便等症状,照射对照组动物于照射后2周内全部死亡,平均存活(12.7±1.4)d;综合对症组呈现明显的急性放射病症状,并于照射后第33天死亡1只;而综合对症加细胞因子组动物在45 d观察期内不仅全部存活,临床症状明显改善,且其造血功能及胃、肠道等受损组织基本恢复。结论 在综合对症基础上给予rhG-CSF+rhIL-11+rhIL-2组合治疗可以有效地促进4.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ射线照射比格犬造血系统功能和胃肠道等重要脏器的恢复,提高受照动物存活数,并改善动物生存质量。     

大鼠各型放射病时心血管功能的改变

大鼠经6和20Gy⁶⁰coγ 线全身一次照射后,循环代偿功能尚好,动脉血压可保持在正常水平。20Gy照射后心输出量和小肠血流量早期明显增加,晚期急剧减少。200Gy照后心肌严重损伤,心输出量和心脏血流量早期即出现明显减少,循环代偿功能丧失,动脉血压呈进行性下降。300Gy照后可出现明显的神经症状,心血管功能可发生200Gy照后更严重的变化。本文还讨论了心血管系统辐射损伤在放射病发生,发展过程中的作用,从心血管功能变化的角度对急性放射病的分型提出了一定见解。     

同种异基因胎肝移植治疗急性放射病的临床研究

本文报道4例眙肝细胞移植治疗事故性(例1)或医疗性(例2～4)重度骨髓型急性放射病的临床研究,全身照射剂量:倒l为5.2Gy;浏2～4分别为5.5,5.0和5.0Gy.后3例并用大剂量化疗:环磷醚胺80mg/kg,输入胎肝细胞数2.26～4.1×10³/kg体重(胎肝数l～13个).除1例有局限于皮肤的I级轻篓抗宿主病外,其余无不良反应。提出胎肝细胞移植或输注在事故性照射引起中度以上骨髓型急性放射病,又缺乏HLA相合供者钓情况下不失为一有用的治疗措施。对3例急性白血病也是一个治疗措施,1例已生存近5年,另一例也已3年多。     

两例急性放射病患者血液学改变的特点

本文对两例急性放射病患者的血液学变化进行了观察。两例受照剂量“亮”为3.5 Gy,“燕”为2.6Gy。根据WBC总数的变化,参考血小板计数及早期淋巴细胞绝对值,并与其它放射性事故比较,认为“亮”属中度或中度偏重骨髓型急性放射病;“燕”届中度或中度偏轻骨髓型急性放射病,与临床经过及物理剂量相符。两例均在骨髓涂片的巨核细胞内见到其它血细胞,对这种现象作了初步讨论,对其临床意义尚需进一步观察阐明。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.