低剂量辐射诱导适应性反应的分子机制研究现状

低剂量辐射(low dose radiation,LDR)可以增强细胞对随后进行的攻击性剂量(challenge dose)照射的抵抗能力,从而降低攻击性照射引起的染色体畸变和DNA损伤。人们把LDR的这种效应称之为"低剂量辐射诱导的适应性反应"。低剂量辐射诱导适应性反应的分子机制主要涉及细胞信号转导、ROS(活性氧物质)的作用和DNA修复兴奋效应等方面。     

低剂量辐射诱导适应性反应的分子机制研究现状

低剂量辐射(low dose radiation，LDR)可以增强细胞对随后进行的攻击性剂量(challenge dose)照射的抵抗能力，从而降低攻击性照射引起的染色体畸变和DNA损伤。人们把LDR的这种效应称之为“低剂量辐射诱导的适应性反应”。低剂量辐射诱导适应性反应的分子机制主要涉及细胞信号转导、ROS(活性氧物质)的作用和DNA修复兴奋效应等方面。     

低剂量辐射增强免疫的细胞机制

低剂量辐射(0.1gy以内)一方面加速胸腺细胞周期进程, 促进细胞更新和增殖, 刺激CSF分泌从而使IL-1形成增多, 有利于T细胞成熟；另一方面刺激脾细胞IL-2和IFN-γ的分泌和II-2R的表达,增强T细胞的激活。增强T细胞的激活.上述两方面的细胞学变化导致免疫放大,使NK和ADCC活性增高及MLC和PFC反应增强,全面提高机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能.用T细胞表而抗原的单克隆抗休分析胸腺和脾脏T细胞亚组的分布,未发现低剂量照射后T_H/T_s比值增高,再次证实了著者先前提出的论点,即不能以调节性T细胞亚组比例失衡解释低剂量辐射诱导的免疫增强效应。     

低剂量辐射兴奋效应发生机理若干问题的探讨

低剂量辐射生物效应的研究是放射医学与防护领域关注的重要问题之一。早期关于低剂量辐射的研究 ,主要立足于寻找与损害有关的指标 ,企图发现可用于诊断“慢性放射损伤”的依据。 1965年冬卫生部有关会议决定民用放射医学领域的研究将重点转向低剂量辐射生物效应以后 ,在相当长的时间内许多研究工作均属于这一类型。上世纪 70年代后期在广东阳江天然辐射高本底地区人群健康调查中 ,观察到受照射剂量当量相当于对照地区 3倍多的人群外周血T淋巴细胞的反应性升高 (1979) ,随后又发现其DNA损伤修复能力增强 ,表现为程序外DNA合成 (UDS)明显…     

浓缩铀内污染诱导免疫细胞的适应性反应

作者研究确定低剂量浓缩铀ＵＯ２Ｆ２内污染机体后能否改变相继高剂量浓缩铀ＵＯ２Ｆ２内污染对脾单核细胞白细胞介素－１活性和脾淋巴细胞紫外线诱导的非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵＤＳ）的免疫毒理效应。结果发现．低剂量浓缩铀可诱导免疫活性细胞产生适应性反应，使得细胞对高剂量浓缩铀引起的免疫毒理效应如白细胞介素－１活性抑制和紫外线诱导的ＵＤＳ功能降低变得较不敏感．免疫活性细胞适应性反应的诱导具有一定的剂量范畴．诱导适应性反应的剂量与免疫活性细胞的辐射敏感性有关．     

真核基因损伤修复和基因表达的辐射兴奋效应

国内外实验室围绕核酸分子水平，在低剂量电离辐射兴奋效应方面的研究进展，包括基因突变、ＤＮＡ损伤修复及辐射诱导基因表达等方面的研究工作，是低剂量辐射兴奋效应分子机制研究中的重要内容     

低剂量辐射诱导蛋白对正常人外周血淋巴细胞亚群的刺激效应

目的 探讨低剂量辐射(LDR)诱导蛋白对淋巴细胞亚群功能的影响。方法 观察LDR诱导蛋白对单克隆抗体铺皿法—直接法分离出的淋巴细胞亚群CD4、CD8、CDl9细胞转化功能的影响。结果 经LDR诱导蛋白作用后，亚群细胞14C—TdR掺入值增高，分别为对照组的118．23％、115．18％和121．62％。结论 LDR诱导蛋白能不同程度地刺激CD4、CD8、CDl9细胞DNA合成。     

辐射诱导的适应性效应及其分子机制

辐射适应性效应是一种生物防御机制,是指低剂量辐射可以增强细胞对随后高剂量照射的抵抗能力,从而降低高辐射引起的各种损伤.目前为止,RAR的分子机制还不清楚,研究主要涉及DNA损伤修复、细胞周期调控、细胞对抗氧化应激系统以及应激反应蛋白,参与细胞信号传递的分子主要包括蛋白激酶C、有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶、p53蛋白、共济失调性毛细血管扩张突变基因及DNA依赖性蛋白激酶.     

HBV DNA疫苗诱导健康及HBV转基因小鼠细胞免疫应答

采用HBVCTL表位多肽体外刺激或冲击免疫效 (E)、靶(T)细胞 ,以观察DNA疫苗诱导健康及HBV转基因 (Tg)小鼠细胞免疫效果。结果发现 ,DNA疫苗能有效诱导健康BALB/c小鼠CTL活性 ,活性强弱与E/T比值及其上清液中IFN γ分泌水平有一定关系。HBsAg表位多肽(pp2 0 )体外刺激DNA疫苗免疫组效应细胞 ,培养上清IL 1 2释放水平 (2 1 1 3± 39 8pg/ml)明显较对照组 (86 7±2 7 1 pg/ml)高(P <0 0 5 ,t=4 4 82 )。DNA疫苗免疫HBVTg小鼠诱导CTL活性 (1 2 7%± 6 7% )较蛋白疫苗免疫对照组(1 7%±3 2 % )高(P <0 0 1 ,t=3 6 2 9) ;其效应细胞体外受 pp2 0刺激后分泌IL 1 2水平 (4 0 0± 30 1pg/ml)明显高于同期空载体免疫对照组 (3 8±3 0 pg/ml,P <0 0 5 ,t=2 376 )。采用在体电脉冲法DNA疫苗接种的 5只HBVTg小鼠中 ,于 4周时有 2只血清HBsAg阴转 ,并于 8周时出现抗 HBs阳性 ,而对照组中无一例血清HBsAg发生变化。表明HBVDNA疫苗能有效诱导健康及HBVTg小鼠细胞免疫应答 ,提示其通过增强细胞免疫功能作为抗HBV免疫治疗的可行性     

一低剂量辐射诱导新基因的转录调控和初步功能分析

目的：克隆低剂量辐射诱导基因，研究辐射对其转录调控作用和生物学功能。方法：用mRNA差异显示技术分离辐射诱导表达基因，用RACE技术获取cDNA旁侧序列，Northern杂交分析基因的转录调节，生物信息学分析基因的结构和功能。结果：获得包括3'端在内的辐射诱导新基因LRIGx的cDNA片段，序列同源性比较显示与人染色体20ql 1.2-12一段DNA高度同源（＞99％），Northern杂交结果揭示该基因转录子全长约8．5kb，在0．2Gy照射后2h出现诱导表达，4h后转录子水平为对照细胞的5倍多，也受0．02Gy更低剂量照射诱导表达，2Gy大剂量照射后1h出现短暂诱导表达，但不如低量照射明显，2h后恢复正常水平，生物信息学分析结果显示该基因编码产物含有解旋酶活性保守区，结论：分离鉴定出一低剂量辐射反应基因，其编码蛋白可能参与DNA代谢（如修复）等细胞辐射反应过程。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.