罗格列酮对多囊卵巢综合征伴假性黑棘皮病和胰岛素敏感性的疗效分析

目的:观察多囊卵巢综合征伴假性黑棘皮病患者经罗格列酮治疗后的内分泌、糖及脂代谢的变化。方法:对40例多囊卵巢综合征伴假性黑棘皮病和胰岛素抵抗的患者进行3个月的罗格列酮治疗,观察治疗前后患者体重指数、腰臀比例、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、餐后2h血糖、餐后2h胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、血脂和性激素水平的变化以及患者月经、皮损的改变。结果:罗格列酮治疗后除了胰岛素敏感指数量增高外,其他监测指标均较治疗前降低,前后值比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。40例患者经罗格列酮治疗3个月后,36例(90%)月经情况和排卵功能得到改善,其中4例获得妊娠,所有患者的黑棘皮病损都有不同程度的减轻。结论:胰岛素抵抗及其代偿性高胰岛素血症与多囊卵巢综合征伴假性黑棘皮病的发生有关,罗格列酮有改善机体的胰岛素敏感性和改善高胰岛素血症、高血脂的作用,提高排卵率及临床妊娠率,是目前治疗代谢紊乱综合征又一安全可行的选择。     

二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征的治疗作用

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄妇女常见的内分泌及代谢异常性疾病,也是女性不孕的主要原因之一,其临床表现为月经失调、高雄激素血症、无排卵以及不育.多囊卵巢综合征患者的主要病理、生理变化为胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症及高雄激素血症.胰岛素抵抗是多囊卵巢综合征的主要发病机制之一.二甲双胍作为胰岛素增敏剂,可改善患者对胰岛素的抵抗,起到一定的治疗作用.该文旨在探讨二甲双胍对无排卵性多囊卵巢综合征的确切治疗作用.     

多囊卵巢综合征伴胰岛素抵抗患者的治疗

目的探讨高胰岛素(INS)血症在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病中的作用及二甲双胍对胰岛素抵抗(IR)的治疗效果.方法应用二甲双胍,每日3次,每次500 mg,连用3个月,治疗26例PCOS患者.观察患者治疗前后体重指数、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、性激素水平的变化.结果二甲双胍通过改善胰岛素敏感性不仅可降低胰岛素水平,而且可纠正促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)失平衡,26例患者中有3例怀孕.结论IR在PCOS发病中起重要作用.阻断高胰岛素血症与高雄激素血症之间的恶性循环为PCOS患者的治疗提供了新的途径.二甲双胍有改善PCOS胰岛素抵抗的作用,可用于胰岛素抵抗的治疗.     

针药结合治疗PCOS并胰岛素抵抗的临床观察

目的研究针药结合治疗多囊卵巢综合征并胰岛素抵抗的临床疗效。方法将60例多囊卵巢综合征并胰岛素抵抗患者随机分为治疗组(灵术颗粒联合穴位埋线)30例,对照组(二甲双胍)30例。结果治疗前后两组月经恢复情况、体重、BM I及血清性激素水平、胰岛素抵抗等方面较治疗前均有显著改善(p<0.01)。在体重改变方面治疗组疗效优于对照组(p<0.05),其他各方面疗效两组差异无统计学意义。结论针药结合治疗多囊卵巢综合征并胰岛素抵抗,能调节患者体内失衡的性激素代谢,重建月经和排卵周期,并且无二甲双胍副作用,病人易于接受,易于推广。     

二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征应用中的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种内分泌紊乱性疾病,在育龄妇女中常见,是无排卵性不孕症中的常见原因,临床以高雄激素血症,排卵障碍或无排卵,卵巢多囊样改变为特征,常伴有胰岛素抵抗和肥胖.二甲双胍为胰岛素增敏剂,主要用于2型糖尿病患者的治疗.近20年来,二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征患者中的应用效果得到了越来越多的学者的关注.二甲双胍应用于多囊卵巢综合征效果显著,具有重要的临床意义.现对国内外研究成果做以综述,为临床治疗提供依据.     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征抗氯米芬患者12例疗效观察

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）在生育期妇女中的发病率高达6％，以停经、月经稀发、不孕、高雄激素血症、高LH血症为临床特征，治疗PCOS常以氯米芬（CC）诱发排卵，用于评估卵巢排卵障碍程度，但部分患者对其治疗无效。许多学者认为，服用氯米芬150mg／d仍未排卵者，视为氯米芬抵抗。本研究应用胰岛素增敏剂二甲双胍治疗氯米芬抵抗的PCOD患者，以改善胰岛素抵抗状态，     

二甲双胍在PCOS胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症中促排卵中的疗效观察

目的评估二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)、胰岛素抵抗患者调经促排卵治疗中的作用。方法以40例PCOS、胰岛素抵抗患者为研究对象,随机分2组,其中A组20例患者单用克罗米酚(CC)50mg×5天×3月经周期(MC);B组20例患者口服二甲双胍1500mg/d×12周,无排卵者加用克罗米粉(CC)50mg×5天×3mc。观察两组患者治疗前后月经、卵泡发育、血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促基体生成素(LH)、T、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及餐后2小时胰岛素增长倍数;比较2组治疗效果。结果纠正胰岛素抵抗治疗后再促排卵治疗的转经、优势卵泡检测率较直接促排卵治疗有较显著性差异(P<0.05),两组治疗前血清FSH、LH、雄性激素(T)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及餐后2小时胰岛素上升倍数均无显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗后2组血清FSH、空腹血糖无显著性差异(P<0.05),血清LH、T、空腹胰岛素、餐后胰岛素上升倍数的下降有较显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍能纠正胰岛素抵抗,逆转PCOS患者的性激素异常,使部分患者恢复正常月经及排卵,可增强PCOS患者促排卵的效果。     

二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征患者的治疗作用

多囊卵巢综合征是生育年龄妇女常见的内分泌及糖代谢异常所导致的病理状态。由于高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗在其发病中起重要作用，二甲双胍逐渐被应用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征，该文回顾总结近年来二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征的治疗作用，并探讨其作用机制。     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床研究

目的:探讨二甲双胍在治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床效果。方法:30例多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者,口服二甲双胍12周,采取自身对照,观察用药前、后临床症状、血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雄烯二酮(A2)、空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素水平的变化。结果:继发闭经13例中,7例恢复有排卵月经;月经稀发17例,10例恢复有排卵月经,不孕症16例,用药期间妊娠4例。用药后两组空腹胰岛素和雄激素水平均降低,比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:二甲双胍可有效改善PCOS患者的胰岛素抵抗状态,降低血中雄激素水平并恢复生育功能。     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征伴高胰岛素血症48例分析

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是以双侧卵巢呈多囊性改变,伴不孕、多毛、痤疮、肥胖、月经紊乱等的一组症候群。PCOS可导致胰岛素抵抗,从而引起机体代偿性胰岛素水平增高,而高胰岛素血症又可导致高雄激素血症,导致不孕。本文对48例PCOS伴高胰岛素血症患者用二甲双胍治疗效果显著。1资料     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.