结直肠癌早期肝转移的预测

目的研究CK20 mRNA、CD44v6、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）与结直肠癌肝转移的关系,探讨临床预测结直肠癌早期肝转移的有效的客观指标。方法应用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）法检测50例结直肠癌患者回流门静脉血中CK20 mRNA,并同时应用免疫组织化学方法测定结直肠癌癌组织中CD44v6、VEGF的表达;并与良性病变对照组10例和正常组织对照组10例比较。结果结直肠癌患者门静脉血CK20 mRNA;癌组织中CD44v6、VEGF表达阳性率明显高于良性病变对照组（P〈0．01）和正常对照组（P〈0．01）;结直肠癌组织中CIM4v6及VEGF的表达与门静脉血中CK20 mRNA的表达有显著相关性（r．=0．933,r2=0．906,P〈0．05）;同时肝转移组CK20 mRNA、CD44v6、VEGF阳性表达率均高于非肝转移组（P〈0．05）。结论联合检测CD44v6、VEGF及CK20 mRNA预测结直肠癌肝转移,可提高预测的灵敏度及特异性,对于结直肠癌早期肝转移监测具有较高的临床价值。     

结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和表达及意义survivin的蛋白

为探讨结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达及其与临床病理参数的关系。笔者采用微波-LSAB免疫组化染色法检测60例结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin的表达情况，并分析其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系。结果示CD44v6阳性表达主要在细胞膜和细胞质，survivin主要在细胞质。60例结直肠癌CD44v6和survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为71．7％和65．0％。它们与肿瘤临床Dukes分期、浸润程度、淋巴结转移及术后复发有关（P〈0．05）。提示分别检测CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达．对了解结盲肠癌的牛物学行为和判断患者的预后有一定价值.     

内镜活检组织CD44v6检测对结直肠癌转移诊断的价值

目的 探讨内镜活检组织CD44v6检测对结直肠癌转移诊断的价值。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测结直肠癌活检组织和对照组组织中CD44v6表达。结果 慢性结肠炎、结肠息肉、结肠腺瘤和结直肠癌活检组织中CD44v6的表达阳性率分别为10.0％、21.1％、23.2％和63.2％。结直肠癌穿破肠浆膜及转移组(Dukes分期B、C、D期)活检组织CD44v6阳性表达率为70.1％,高于无转移组36.7％(Dukes分期 A),差异具有显著性(P<0.05),癌前病变即开始逐渐出现高表达趋势。结论 CD44v6与肿瘤的转移相关,结直肠癌活检组织中CD44v6蛋白可作为一个新的预测结直肠癌转移潜能的生物学指标并在术前决策方面有很大临床价值。     

CK20mRNA、CD44v6和PCNA对大肠癌早期肝转移预测的研究

目的:研究CK20mRNA、CD44v6和PCNA与大肠癌肝转移的关系,探讨临床预测大肠癌早期肝转移的客观指标。方法:应用荧光定量RT-PCR法检测50例大肠癌患者回流门静脉血中 CK20mRNA,同时应用免疫组织化学方法测定大肠癌癌组织中CD44v6、PCNA的表达,并与对照组比较。结果:大肠癌患者门静脉血CK20mRNA、癌组织中CD44v6、PCNA表达阳性率明显高于良性病变对照组(P<0．01)和正常对照组(P<0．01);大肠癌组织中CD44v6及PCNA的表达与门静脉中 CK20mRNA的表达有显著相关性(γ1=0．933,γ2=0.906,P<0．05);肝转移组CK20mRNA、CD44v6、 PCNA阳性表达率均高于非肝转移组(P<0.05)。结论:联合检测CD44v6、PCNA及CK20mRNA预测大肠癌肝转移,可显著提高预测的灵敏度及特异性,对于大肠癌早期肝转移监测具有很高的临床价值。     

CD44v9和MMP-9在结直肠癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的研究CD44v9和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在结直肠癌和癌旁组织中表达的临床意义。方法采用RT-PCR方法分别检测46例结直肠癌及癌旁组织CD44v9及MMP-9的阳性表达情况。结果46例结直肠癌组织中CD44v9和MMP-9的阳性表达率分别是58.7%和82.6%,明显高于癌旁组织(58.7%和47.8%),两者比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。CD44v9和MMP-9在结直肠癌组织的阳性表达率与肿瘤的大小、分化高低、浸润深度、临床分期及淋巴结转移相关,而且两者在结直肠癌中的表达呈正相关。结论CD44v9和MMP-9与结直肠癌侵袭和转移性有关,可作为预测肿瘤转移潜能的指标。     

结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin的蛋白表达及意义

为探讨结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达及其与临床病理参数的关系。笔者采用微波-LSAB免疫组化染色法检测60例结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和survivin的表达情况，并分析其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系。结果示CD44v6阳性表达主要在细胞膜和细胞质，survivin主要在细胞质。60例结直肠癌CD44v6和survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为71.7%和65.0%。它们与肿瘤临床Dukes分期、浸润程度、淋巴结转移及术后复发有关(P<0.05)。提示分别检测CD44v6和survivin蛋白表达，对了解结直肠癌的生物学行为和判断患者的预后有一定价值     

结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和β-catenin蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和β-catenin蛋白表达及其意义。方法采用微波-EliVisionTM免疫组化染色方法检测60例结直肠癌组织中CD44v6和β-catenin的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理参数尤其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系。结果阳性表达物质CD44v6主要在细胞膜和细胞质,β-catenin主要在细胞质。60例结直肠癌CD44v6和β-catenin蛋白阳性表达率分别为71.7%和81.7%。两者均与肿瘤的临床TNM分期、浸润程度、淋巴结转移及术后复发有关;上述参数各分组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合检测CD44v6-和β-catenin蛋白表达对了解结直肠癌的生物学行为和判断患者预后有一定的实用价值。     

OPN和CD44V6在结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨骨桥蛋白（OPN）和CD44拼接变异体6（CD44v6）在结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤中的表达及意义.方法采用免疫组化法检测72例结直肠癌标本、60例结直肠腺瘤标本中OPN和CD44v6的阳性表达情况,分析两者与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系.结果结直肠癌、腺瘤、正常组织OPN表达阳性率分别为81.9%、66.7%、2.8%,CD44v6表达阳性率分别为75.0%、56.7%、2.8%,各组OPN和CD44v6的表达阳性率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.OPN的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、分化状态、有无淋巴结转移存在相关性（P＜0.05）,CD44v6的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移存在相关性（P＜0.05）.OPN与CD44v6表达存在显著正相关关系（r=0.517,P＜0.05）.结论 OPN、CD44v6的表达与结直肠腺瘤-癌的转化及结直肠癌细胞的侵袭力等密切相关,通过检测两者水平可对结直肠癌的早期预防、诊断及预后评估提供重要依据.     

肝细胞癌组织中CD15mRNA与CD44v6 mRNA的表达

目的：研究CD15mRNA表达与肝细胞癌（HCC）侵袭转移和预后的关系,以及与CD44v6 mRNA表达的相关性。方法：应用原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法,检测分析HCC组织中CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6mRNA的表达情况。结果：99例HCC中,CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6阳性率表达分别为38．4％,36．4％和41．4％,CD15mRNA表达与其蛋白表达一致,与CD44v6 mRNA表达关联性密切,CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6 mRNA表达,均与HCC侵袭转移倾向和病人预后相关。结论：检测CD15表达有可能成为HCC侵袭转移和预后判断的一项新的病理生物学指标。     

肝细胞癌组织中CD15 mRNA与CD44v6 mRNA的表达

目的: 研究CD15mRNA表达与肝细胞癌(HCC)侵袭转移和预后的关系,以及与CD44v6mRNA表达的相关性 。方法: 应用原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法,检测分析HCC组织中CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6mRNA的表达情况 。结果: 99例HCC中,CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6阳性率表达分别为38.4%、36.4%和41.4%。CD15mRNA表达与其蛋白表达一致,与CD44v6mRNA表达关联性密切。CD15mRNA及其蛋白和CD44v6mRNA表达,均与HCC侵袭转移倾向和病人预后相关 。结论: 检测CD15表达有可能成为HCC侵袭转移和预后判断的一项新的病理生物学指标。     

乳腺癌转移抑制基因1抑制乳腺癌转移的作用机理研究进展

目的综述乳腺癌转移抑制基因1（BRMS1）在抑制乳腺癌转移中的作用机理研究进展。方法采用文献回顾的方法，对目前国内、外有关BRMS1在乳腺癌中的研究状况加以分析与综述。结果BRMS1与其他肿瘤转移抑制基因一样，主要抑制肿瘤的转移，并不影响肿瘤的生长，在乳腺癌中主要通过调节细胞间的信号转导及其他转移抑制基因的表达而抑制乳腺癌的转移。结论对BRMS1基因的深入研究有助于进一步深化对乳腺癌转移的认识，为肿瘤转移的分子诊断和基因治疗提供新的思路。     

Organotropism of Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer causes mortality by metastasizing to a variety of vital organs, such as bone, lung, brain and liver. Effective therapeutic intervention of this deadly process relies on a better mechanistic understanding of metastasis organotropism. Recent studies have confirmed earlier speculations that metastasis is a non-random process and is dependent on intricate tumor-stroma interactions at the target organ. Both the intrinsic properties of breast cancer cells and the host organ microenvironment are important in determining the efficiency of organ-specific metastasis. Advances in animal modeling, in vivo imaging and functional genomics have accelerated the discovery of important molecular mediators of organ-specific metastasis. A conceptual framework of breast cancer organotropism is emerging and will be instrumental in guiding future efforts in this exciting research field.     

Gingival Metastasis from Rectal Cancer

We report a 51-year-old woman who had undergone surgical resection of Dukes’B rectal cancer. On postoperative day 30, she noticed a dark red swelling in the right upper gingival, for which immunohistochemical study of the biopsy specimen revealed metastasis from the rectal cancer.     

结直肠癌肝转移的治疗分析

目的总结多种方法治疗结直肠癌肝转移的效果. 方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2003年12月收治的120例结直肠癌肝转移患者的治疗及生存情况. 结果 1、3年生存率,手术切除组分别为83.3%和33.3%,经动脉化疗栓塞组分别为50.0%和15.2%,肝动脉插管皮下埋泵术组分别为47.1%和5.9%,冷冻治疗组分别为55.5%和11.1%,综合治疗组分别为86.7%和40.0%. 结论手术是治疗结直肠癌肝转移的最佳方法,以个体化为原则的术后综合治疗可以提高生存率,降低复发率.     

Metastasis of Vulvar Cancer in the Breast

Background : Several researchers have investigated how wound healing is effected by supplementation with each of the following amino acids: arginine (Arg), glutamine (Glu), and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB). This research investigates how a combination of these amino acids improves the wound healing associated with anastomoses. Methods : We tested the effects of a combination of Arg, Glu, and HMB on the healing of colon anastomoses in 50 male rats. We randomly divided the animals into two equal groups. In each animal, the cecum was transected from its midpoint to create an end-to end anastomosis. During the first postoperative week, Group 1 (G1) animals were fed standard chow, and Group 2 (G2) animals were fed standard chow plus a ready-to-use supplement that contained a mixture of Arg, Glu, and HMB. At the end of the week, all of the rats were sacrificed, and a cecum segment containing the anastomosis line was resected. Bursting pressure and tissue hydroxyproline were measured for all animals.

Results : The mean values for hydroxyproline were 0.0013 ng/mg protein/ml (SD ± 0.00075) and 0.034 ng/mg protein/ml (SD ± 0.022) for G1 and G2, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean values for bursting pressure measurements were 122.8 mmHg (SD ± 9.4) and 192.8 mmHg (SD ± 31) for G1 and G2, respectively (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of both bursting pressure levels and tissue hydroxyproline levels were observed. Conclusion : In an animal model of colon surgery, supplementation with a combination of three amino acids seemingly benefits anastomosis healing.     

低位直肠癌直肠系膜淋巴结转移规律的临床探讨

目的探讨低位直肠癌直肠系膜淋巴结转移与临床病理特点的关系。方法对62例行直肠系膜全切除（total mesorectal excision,TME）的低位直肠癌采用大组织切片技术检测直肠系膜淋巴结转移情况,分析其转移规律。结果低位直肠癌系膜转移率为72.6%（45/62）（其中系膜淋巴结阳性29例,系膜癌巢阳性16例）。①不同临床病理类型的系膜转移率为：肿瘤直径≥5 cm者为90.5%（19/21）,明显高于肿瘤直径〈5 cm的63.4%（26/41）（P〈0.05）。②T1、T2和T3期者分别为22.2%（2/9）、68.0%（17/25）和92.9%（26/28）,组内两两比较具有显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。③高、中、低分化者为14.3%（1/7）7、9.5%（31/39）和81.3%（13/16）,高分化者明显低于中、低分化者（P〈0.05）。④Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期者分别为11.1%（1/9）、63.6%（14/22）和96.8%（30/31）,Ⅰ期者明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期者（P〈0.05）。⑤环周切缘阳性者为93.3%（14/15）,明显高于环周切缘阴性者66.0%（31/47）（P〈0.05）。直肠系膜转移率与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤侵袭肠壁周径、Ming分型无关（P〉0.05）。结论低位直肠癌直肠系膜淋巴结转移与肿瘤直径、浸润深度、分化程度和肿瘤分期密切相关;环周切缘阳性者,其直肠系膜淋巴结转移的可能性越高。因此,低位直肠癌应遵循彻底TME原则。     

新生淋巴管与肺癌转移相关性研究进展

新生淋巴管形成对肺癌的转移起着积极的促进作用。目前，新生淋巴管形成是肿瘤转移研究中的一个热点，在肿瘤转移中所起的作用正受到越来越多的关注。肺癌淋巴结转移是肺癌患者预后不良的重要因素，新生淋巴管与肺癌转移之间的关系现还有许多不明之处。现对其研究进展进行综述。     

Solitary Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

The feasibility and diagnostic reliability of sentinel node (SN) biopsy for gastric cancer are still controversial. We studied the clinicopathological features and localization of solitary lymph node metastasis (SLM) in gastric cancer to provide useful information for use of the SN concept in gastric cancer. From 2000 to 2004, 3,267 patients with gastric cancer underwent D2 radical gastrectomy. The clinicopathological features of 195 patients with histologically proven SLM and the distribution of metastasized nodes were assessed. The incidence of SLM was 6.0% in all cases. Compared with the node-negative patients, significant differences were observed in age, tumor size, depth of invasion, and surgical type. The cumulative 5-year survival rate of patients with SLM was 80.5%, which was significantly lower than 90.2% for node-negative patients (P < 0.001). Of patients with SLM, 82.6% had it in the perigastric node area (N1), and the other 17.4% patients had skip metastasis in the N2-N3 nodes. Perigastric nodes were the most common first sites of drainage from the tumor, making them the main targets of the operative SN mapping procedure. Due to the higher than expected incidence of skip metastasis in gastric cancer, D2 lymphadenectomy should be performed until the reliability of SN navigation surgery is validated in multicenter prospective clinical trials.