脾血管瘤18例诊断及外科治疗

目的 探讨脾血管瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法 对2003年11月至2012年1月手术治疗的18例脾血管瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 18例患者仅3例有临床症状,其余均为体检发现。术前7例行B超检查,13例行CT检查,4例行MRI检查,提示脾血管瘤分别为1例、4例、2例。15例患者行开放脾切除术,3例行腹腔镜脾切除术,术后无并发症及死亡。结论 脾血管瘤无特异的症状和体征,发现脾血管瘤主要依赖B超、CT和MRI等影像学检查,确诊脾血管瘤有赖于病理检查,直径大于3 cm的脾血管瘤主张行脾切术治疗。     

脾动脉瘤的手术及微创治疗

目的 探讨脾动脉瘤的治疗方法及中远期疗效.方法 1999-2011年收治18例脾动脉瘤患者,对18例的治疗方法及预后等临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 18例患者中男7例,女11例.平均年龄53.8±7.3岁.8例患者无临床症状于体检中发现,7例表现为左上腹疼痛,3例因动脉瘤破裂于急诊首诊.14例经三维血管造影(3DCTA)、3例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)、1例经磁共振血管造影(MRA)确诊.手术治疗11例,其中脾动脉瘤破裂行急诊手术3例,择期性手术8例.手术包括脾动脉瘤及脾切除4例,同时切除胰尾5例,脾动脉瘤切除、断端吻合1例,脾动脉瘤切除加脾及结肠脾区切除1例.另外,行脾动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗3例.本组中,4例无临床症状、且瘤体直径＜2 cm者行随访观察中.围手术期无死亡.随访16例平均3.2年.失访2例,1例于术后4年死于脑溢血.结论 脾动脉瘤发病率低,症状多隐匿,脾动脉瘤破裂多有致死的危险.开腹手术及腔内微创治疗预后良好.     

脾脏肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的　总结脾脏肿瘤的临床诊治经验。方法　回顾分析 1 977至 2 0 0 4年收治的 4 0例脾脏肿瘤的临床病例资料。结果　 4 0例中有 34例术前诊为脾脏肿瘤。B超检出率为 94 %(32 . 34) ,CT检出率为 96 %(2 3 .2 4 ) ,CT鉴别良恶性正确率为 84 %(2 1. 2 5 )。恶性肿瘤AKP和γ GT多明显增高。良性肿瘤 2 2例中 1 7例行脾切除 ,5例行肿瘤切除或脾部分切除 ;1 8例恶性肿瘤中 1 5例行脾切除 ,2例活检术 ,1例未手术。术后病检结果 :良性肿瘤中各类囊肿 1 3例 ,海绵状血管瘤 4例 ,炎性假瘤 3例 ,平滑肌瘤囊性变和海绵状淋巴管瘤各 1例 ;恶性肿瘤中恶性淋巴瘤和淋巴肉瘤 9例 ,血管肉瘤 3例 ,纤维肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各 1例。肝癌脾转移 2例 ,胃癌术后肝脾转移 1例。恶性肿瘤中术后生存 5年以上 3例 ,均为早期且联用放疗或化疗、免疫治疗。结论　脾脏肿瘤的诊断主要靠临床表现及影像学检查 ,良恶性鉴别可根据CT、血管造影和血清AKP、γ GT。根治手术和综合治疗是改善脾脏恶性肿瘤预后的重要措施。     

脾血管肉瘤1例报道

通过分析既往文献报道,结合我院收治的1例脾血管肉瘤患者的临床资料,整理出脾血管肉瘤的临床病理特点及临床诊治经验,以提高脾血管肉瘤的疗效。由于脾血管肉瘤缺乏特异性症状,诊断主要依靠影像学检查,多数病变在影像学上酷似海绵状血管瘤,确诊主要依靠病理及免疫组化检查,提示血管分化的免疫组化检测指标,如CD34、CD31、SMA、Vim、F8、UEA-1、CDl05、VEGFR3等至少两项为阳性;提示组织细胞分化的免疫组化检测指标,如CD68、CD8和S100蛋白等至少有一项为阳性。本病首选的治疗方法是脾脏切除,术后是否需要放化疗目前尚未有统一意见。     

大肠海绵状血管瘤的诊治(附8例报告)

目的探讨大肠海绵状血管瘤的临床特点、诊治原则和疗效。方法回顾1997年至2004年收治的8例大肠海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料。结果8例患者平均年龄18岁,其中直肠海绵状血管瘤4例,直肠和乙状结肠海绵状血管瘤3例,全大肠海绵状血管瘤1例。临床表现为反复发作的无痛性便血和贫血。术前行电子结肠镜、腹部X线平片、气钡双重对比造影、CT和MRI等检查明确诊断。所有患者均行手术治疗,平均随访36月(10~96月),全部治愈。结论增强对本病的认识,重视电子结肠镜在大肠海绵状血管瘤的首诊作用,影像学检查进一步确定病变部位和血管瘤的范围,手术治疗是有效的治疗手段。     

脾脏肿瘤的诊断和治疗

回顾性分析近10年来收治的脾脏肿瘤14例的临床资料。14例中良性病变6例，包括：单纯性囊肿3例、脾脏多发性海绵状血管瘤2例、脾梗塞后血管瘤样增生1例。恶性病变8例，包括：恶性淋巴瘤3例、结肠脾曲癌脾转移2例（其中1例合并脾脓肿）、脾肉瘤2例，另1例术前临床诊断为脾脏恶性肿瘤，CT检查发现脾脏实质性占位，肝左右叶及后腹膜多发性转移，未手术。手术方式：单纯脾脏切除10例、脾脏切除加胰尾切除1例、脾脏切除加左半结肠切除2例，3例恶性淋巴瘤患者及2例结肠癌脾转移患者术后接受了化疗。对8例恶性肿瘤患者进行了随访，生存5年以上1例、2年以上2例、1年以上1例、不足1年3例、1例失访。提示：凡不能明确脾脏占位性病变性质的，应当尽早手术探查。     

肝脏巨大海绵状血管瘤的外科治疗

目的:探讨肝脏巨大海绵状血管瘤(cavernous haemangioma of liver,CHL)的外科治疗适应证并总结治疗经验.方法:对15例特大CHL患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:9例患者接受血管瘤剥离术治疗,术后恢复顺利;6例患者行肝动脉栓塞治疗,其中2例患者接受了择期根治性切除手术.结论:巨大CHL可能引起严重的临床症状,可以结合肝功能分级和全身情况选择包括剥离术、肝动脉栓塞在内的综合性方法.     

脊髓海绵状血管瘤的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨脊髓海绵状血管瘤的诊断和治疗方法以指导临床。　方法　回顾分析 2 3例脊髓髓内海绵状血管瘤患者的临床特征、诊断和治疗方法 ,并采用Aminoff&Logue评分标准评价患者术前术后的脊髓功能。　结果　 2例患者拒绝手术而保守治疗 ,2 1例手术治疗 ,术后病理证实为海绵状血管瘤。血管瘤全切除 18例 ,次全切除 3例。术后患者症状好转 15例 ,无变化 4例 ,加重 2例 ,无手术死亡。　结论　MRI对脊髓海绵状血管瘤诊断的特异性高 ,手术治疗效果好 ,有症状者应积极手术。     

外伤性脾破裂微波凝固保脾手术的疗效观察

目的 探讨微波凝固保脾手术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床疗效和安全性.方法 对2010年1月-2013年6月45例外伤性脾破裂行微波固化保脾手术患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期采用脾切除手术治疗的45例患者进行比较.结果 两组患者均治愈,微波组住院时间较脾切除组明显缩短(P =0.007),并发症发病率(4.44％)低于对照脾切除组(20.00％).但手术时间及术中出血量微波组大于脾切除组.结论 微波固化保脾手术治疗外伤性脾破裂是安全可行的,且能缩短住院时间,减少并发症,值得临床推广.     

彩超辅助下的皮下深部软组织内海绵状血管瘤的诊治

目的　准确、有效地对皮下深部软组织内海绵状血管瘤进行诊治。方法　 1996年以来对 15例海绵状血管瘤患者采用彩色多普勒超声仪 (CD)确定血管瘤的诊断、定位 ;并在直接引导下行铜针栓塞治疗或者手术切除治疗。术后 2周～ 1年再以 CD对治疗效果进行判定与监测。结果　 10例患者行直接引导下铜针穿刺 ,2例在 CD引导下直接铜针穿刺进行栓塞治疗 ,3例患者经手术切除 ,均取得满意效果。结论　在非创伤性的 CD辅助下 ,皮下深部软组织内的海绵状血管瘤可以明确诊断 ,采用铜针栓塞治疗或切除术可以达到更准确而有效的治疗效果     

CT鉴别诊断脾原发血管性肿瘤的研究

目的评价CT检查对脾原发血管性肿瘤的临床诊断及鉴别诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析1989年12月至2018年11月经病理学证实的59例原发血管性肿瘤CT资料。 结果20例脾血管瘤增强扫描后可有3种强化方式;6例错构瘤表现与血管瘤类似;6例淋巴管瘤CT增强后无强化;17例血管淋巴管瘤依其淋巴管和血管构成比例不同而表现不一;8例窦岸细胞血管瘤表现为脾内多发低密度结节,呈渐进性强化或轻度强化;2例血管肉瘤表现为不均匀性强化,瘤内出现坏死和（或）异常肿瘤血管,常伴发转移。 结论脾原发血管性肿瘤影像学表现虽然各具特征,但部分征象相互重叠,CT检查有助于对其进行鉴别与诊断。     

脾血管瘤的诊断及治疗进展

脾血管瘤是脾肿瘤中最常见的病理类型,其诊断主要依赖影像学检查,随着仪器的进步,脾血管瘤的检出率日益提升,但其诊断精度仍有待提升,增强MR、超声造影、病理活检等检查手段在病灶鉴别方面具有优势。脾血管瘤的手术指征和治疗手段一直存在争议,既往只有开腹脾切除术一种治疗方式。近年来“保脾”、“微创”的理念逐渐成为主流,并出现了脾部分切除术、脾血管瘤消融术等新的治疗手段,但不同手段的选择尚未形成统一的标准,现就脾血管瘤的诊断和治疗进展予以综述。     

Hemangioma of the spleen: Presentation, diagnosis, and management

Splenic hemangioma is a rare disorder but remains the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen. It often has a latent clinical picture; however, spontaneous rapture has been reported to occur in as many as 25% of this patient population.1 Treatment most often consists of splenectomy. This report reviews an 8-year experience with splenic hemangioma at Mayo Clinic. Thirty-two patients were identified with SH during the 8-year study period. The average age was 63 years (range 23 to 94 years) with 17 women and 15 men. Six patients presented with symptoms potentially related to the SH. The remainder (80%) were asymptomatic, and the SH was discovered incidentally during evaluation for other disorders. A mass or palpable spleen was appreciated in only four patients (12.5%). SHs ranged in size from 0.3 to 7 cm maximum diameter. A diagnosis of SH was made in 11 patients based on the findings of a splenic mass on computed tomography or ultrasound. Each of these SHs was ≤4 cm. Three of the 11 patients had multiple SHs. All 11 patients were managed successfully with observation. All but one of the patients remains asymptomatic, and no complications have developed during follow-up (range 0.6 to 7 years, mean 2.9 years). The diagnosis of splenic hemangioma was made at the time of surgery in the remaining 21 patients (65%). Splenectomy was performed for suspicion of primary or secondary splenic pathology. There were no instances of spontaneous rupture of the SH. Small splenic lesions, which meet the radiologie criteria for hemangiomas, may be safely observed.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for splenic vascular tumors: report of two cases

We report 2 cases of splenic vascular tumors that were successfully treated by hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy. Two patients, a 41-year-old woman and a 33-year-old man, were admitted to our department for investigation of a splenic tumor. After ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, we suspected that the masses were hemangioma or inflammatory pseudotumor in the spleen. However, we preoperatively could not rule out the possibility of a malignant neoplasm because they each had previously undergone surgical treatment, one for cervical cancer of the uterus and the other for testicular seminoma. Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy was safely performed for the diagnosis and treatment of the splenic tumors. A histologic diagnosis was venous hemangioma and littoral cell angioma, respectively. Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy may be a good indication for splenic vascular tumors that are difficult to diagnose preoperatively whether they are malignant or benign.     

脾脏肿瘤35例的临床诊治体会

目的：探讨原发性脾肿瘤和脾转移癌（metastatic carcinoma of the spleen, MCS）的临床诊断与治疗。方法：对35例经外科治疗并经病理证实的脾肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：增强CT检查对术前良恶性肿瘤鉴别准确率为85．7％，B超误诊率达20％。34例行手术探查，33例行脾切除或部分脾切除。术后病理显示，21例属原发性恶性肿瘤，其中以恶性淋巴瘤最常见，占80．9％；恶性淋巴瘤术后化疗，1年存活率为90．5％（19／21），3年存活率52．4％（11／21），1例术后9年仍存活。原发性血管内皮肉瘤和脾纤维肉瘤合并肝转移者各1例，手术介入治疗术后分别存活13个月和18个月。11例原发性良性肿瘤以血管瘤和淋巴管瘤为多见，分别占45．5％和27．3％，本组脾转移癌3例占8．5％（3／35），分别为胃癌脾转移、结肠癌脾转移和卵巢癌脾转移；2例于术后半年内死亡，1例术后14个月死亡。结论：原发性肿瘤以手术治疗为主．恶性淋巴瘤常需辅助性化疗。良性肿瘤术后无须特殊处理，瘤体小者行部分脾切除。早期发现、早期治疗才能提高脾脏原发性恶性淋巴肿瘤的生存率，对于MCS采取加强临床探查、结合影像学和病理检查可望提高检出率。     

Intraventricular cavernous hemangioma: report of three cases and review of the literature

The clinical and radiographic presentations of 3 patients with intraventricular cavernous hemangioma are described. The accumulated total of 19 cases from the literature are compared to determine whether there is a common clinical and radiographic presentation for this benign intraventricular lesion. The differential diagnosis of intraventricular cavernous hemangioma includes intraventricular meningioma, choroid plexus papilloma, arteriovenous malformation, low grade astrocytoma, and ependymoma.     

脾肿瘤56例诊治分析

目的探讨脾肿瘤的临床特点、诊断方法和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析34年间56例经手术治疗并病理证实的脾肿瘤患者的临床资料。 结果良性39例，其中确诊为脾囊肿25例，血管瘤9例，错构瘤3例，血管淋巴管瘤1例，炎性假瘤1例，其中4例脾囊肿、1例脾血管瘤和1例脾错构瘤行脾部分切除术，其余均行脾切除术；除5例失访外预后均良好。原发性恶性肿瘤12例，其中淋巴瘤2例，血管肉瘤2例，网织细胞肉瘤2例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例，平滑肌肉瘤1例，恶性神经鞘瘤1例，肌纤维母细胞瘤1例，未分型1例；其中1例行坏死感染引流术，1例行脾胰体尾联合切除，其余均行脾切除或加脾门淋巴结清扫术；获随访者8例中生存5年以上者3例，3年存活1例，4例手术后1年内死亡。脾脏转移癌5例，行脾切除或联合脏器切除术。结论影像学检查是诊断脾肿瘤的主要方法。脾良性肿瘤主张行脾部分切除术。脾恶性肿瘤应采用以手术为主的综合治疗。     

Epidermoid cyst of the spleen,a case report

IntroductionSplenic tumors are rare and are either primary or secondary, benign or malignant. Most have none to minimal symptomatology and are found incidentally. Splenic cysts can be infectious, congenital, or traumatic. Epidermoid cysts and parasitic cysts are examples of primary cysts and usually have a classic presentation on imaging. Despite advanced imaging modalities and patient's clinical presentation, it can be difficult to diagnose an epidermoid cyst without histological examination. The purpose of this paper is to discuss typical findings of primary splenic cysts on imaging, but how they may differ in appearance.Presentation of case51 year old female who presented with vague abdominal discomfort and was found to have a large splenic mass with cystic components on imaging which did not demonstrate a typical primary splenic cyst appearance. Patient underwent an uneventful hand-assisted laparoscopic total splenectomy and had an uneventful recovery with histopathology revealing an epidermoid splenic cyst.ConclusionPrimary splenic cysts are difficult to diagnose and differentiate with imaging alone. They have a variable presentation and can present like as a cystic mass. It is important to include them in the differential diagnosis of splenic masses since histopathology is the final determinant of the diagnosis.