巢湖市新发现涂阳肺结核病人就诊延迟相关因素调查分析

目的 了解巢湖市新发肺结核病人就诊延迟情况,通过分析病人的社会经济学特征及影响就诊延迟的因素,确定就诊延迟的高危人群,为早期发现涂阳肺结核病人,采取有效的预防措施提供依据.方法 使用专门设计的结构式问卷对新发现的539例涂阳肺结核病人进行调查,采用定量研究的方法对病人的就诊延迟进行单因素分析.结果 539例新发现的涂阳肺结核病人中,有243例就诊延迟,延迟率为45.1%;不同性别、年龄、文化程度之间延迟率的差异有统计学意义,不同职业之间延迟率的差异无统计学意义.女性、老年人、文盲是就诊延迟的高危人群.病人经济困难、缺乏对结核病的了解、防范意识淡薄、怕被别人歧视、工作忙以及交通不便是导致病人就诊延迟的主要原因.结论 涂阳肺结核病人就诊延迟率较高,应明确就诊延迟的高危人群并针对影响就诊延迟的因素开展积极有效的预防干预措施.     

云南省2005年与2013年涂阳肺结核患者就诊延迟变化分析

目的评价并探讨云南省自2005年以来的涂阳肺结核患者就诊延迟情况,为制定针对云南省减少延迟发生的干预措施提供依据。方法分析和比较2005年和2013年涂阳肺结核患者的就诊延迟情况,并探索其影响因素。结果 2005年涂阳患者12 695例,2013年7 256例,就诊延迟天数差异有统计学意义(P0.001);少数民族、职业为农民以及治疗类型为初治的患者是发生就诊延迟的高危人群。结论经过近10年的防控,患者就诊延迟有了很大改善,特别是老年患者和外地户籍的患者,仍需提高患者就诊意识;今后应针对农民和少数民族,增大卫生服务半径,以发现肺结核患者,减少患者就诊延迟,特别是初治肺结核患者就诊延迟。     

415例冀北山区初治肺结核病人就诊延迟原因分析

目的分析山区初治肺结核病人主动就诊延迟的影响因素,为提高病人发现率提供依据。方法对两个山区县2010年登记的全部初治活动性肺结核病人415例进行问卷调查。结果山区患者就诊总延迟率为67.47%,不同性别就诊延迟差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,青壮年（15~44岁组）与老年人（≥65岁组）就诊延迟率之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不同职业、不同社会文化差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,88.21%的就诊延迟者知道结核病免费治疗政策,全部参加各种医疗保险。结论农民和农民工、文化程度低、老年人是影响就诊延迟的主要因素,要大力宣传早期就诊的重要性,建议国家侧重解决贫困地区肺结核病人就诊、复查的交通费用和食宿补助。     

济宁市农村初治涂阳肺结核病人发现延迟情况及就诊延迟影响因素分析

[目的]探讨农村初治涂阳肺结核病人发现延迟情况,分析影响就诊延迟的因素.[方法]2001年在济宁市4个县(市)抽取200例农村初治涂阳肺结核病人进行调查,并应用多元逐步回归模型分析影响就诊延迟的因素.[结果]200例病人的就诊延迟时间(中位数)为51.62 d,诊断延迟时间(中位数)为34.13 d,发现延迟时间(中位数)为82.67 d.影响初治涂阳肺结核病人就诊延迟的主要因素是对结核病严重性的看法、病人家庭经济状况、是否知道结核病防治所.[结论]济宁市农村初治涂阳肺结核病人延迟发现时间较长,对结核病严重性认识不足,家庭经济状况较差,不知道结核病防治所的病人就诊延迟时间较长.     

涂阳肺结核病人诊断延迟相关因素调查与分析

目的研究传染性肺结核病人诊断延迟有关影响因素,为提高涂阳病人发现率,控制结核病传播提供依据。方法设计肺结核流行病学个案调查表,选择5个县的结核病防治专科门诊,对门诊就诊的涂阳肺结核病人进行个案调查,并进行流行病学统计分析。结果148例涂阳病人,就诊延迟117例,就诊延迟率79.1%;确诊延迟84例,确诊延迟率56.8%;发现延迟101例,发现延迟率68.2%。年龄因素中,>60岁年龄组病人,诊断延迟率高于其他年龄组病人。性别因素中,女性高于男性;文化程度因素中,文盲高于其他学历。病人自己不在乎是未就诊的主要原因,乡镇卫生院结核病诊治水平是确诊延迟的重要原因。结论加强政府承诺,改善医疗卫生服务,加大结核病防治宣传力度,增强群体自我保健意识,是降低就诊延迟率的关键。规范和提高结核病诊治能力,落实结核病归口管理,是降低确诊延迟率和发现延迟率的关键。     

肺结核病人就诊延迟影响因素分析

目的:调查肺结核病人就诊延迟现状,探讨其影响因素,为改善结核病人就诊延迟提供政策依据。方法:随机抽取山东省6个县(区)819名肺结核病人进行问卷调查,对就诊延迟的肺结核病人进行影响因素分析。结果:参与调查的819名肺结核病人中,就诊延迟者277人,占33.8%;就诊未延迟者542人,占66.2%。地区分布、职业是肺结核病人就诊延迟的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:对肺结核就诊延迟比例高的地区、职业人群采取综合干预措施,减小肺结核病人就诊延迟率。     

邵东县2007-2008年肺结核病人发现及治疗转归

目的分析邵东县涂阳肺结核病人的发现及治疗转归特征,为制定相应的防治对策提供科学依据。方法依据2007-2008年邵东县肺结核病人登记和管治的相关资料进行描述和统计分析。结果邵东县实现了肺结核病人高发现率,涂阳病人新登记率为41.8/10万,新登记涂阳病人以男性居多;获得了结核病人高治愈率,涂阳病人治愈率为90.8%。不同类型涂阳肺结核病人治愈率差异有统计学意义,初治涂阳病人治愈率高于复治涂阳病人;6岁～和25岁～年龄组治愈率分别高于45岁～和65岁～年龄组;不同职业和性别之间治愈率差异无统计学意义。结论复治、男性涂阳肺结核病人及45岁以上年龄组人群治愈率低,应作为重点管治人群,推行现代结核病控制策略,加强督导管理,并采取有针对性的治疗方案,提高治愈率,有效控制结核病。     

重庆市结核病患者发现延迟情况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解肺结核患者发现延迟的影响因素,为制定结核病防治的有效措施提供科学依据.方法 从结核病信息管理系统导出重庆市40个区县2008～2009年涂阳肺结核患者的个案资料,分析就诊延迟、发现延迟与相关因素之间的关系.结果 在30 845名涂阳肺结核患者中,就诊延迟时间中位数为38.0 d,其中超过2周23 895人(占77.47％);发现延迟时间中位数为46.0 d,其中超过4周21930人(占71.10％).涂阳病人的发现延迟与职业、年龄显著相关.相较于其他职业,农民发现延迟时间更可能大于4周,OR=1.474 (P＜ 0.05);相较于年龄小于65岁的患者,年龄大于65岁的患者发现延迟时间更可能大于4周,OR=1.234 (P＜ 0.05).结论 重庆市涂阳肺结核病人的就诊延误、发现延误情况较严重,特别是农村老年结核患者尤其严重.     

136例初治肺结核患者就诊延迟的影响因素分析

目的分析136例初治肺结核患者就诊延迟情况及影响因素,为肺结核患者早发现、早诊断提供依据。方法以2015—2016年在金华市某医院就诊的813例初治肺结核患者为研究对象,对患者就诊延迟情况、结核病防治知识知晓情况及延迟就诊的影响因素进行问卷调查。结果 813例初治肺结核患者中,有136例就诊延迟,延迟率为16.73%。男性和女性患者就诊延迟率分别为15.41%和19.41%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);≥65岁患者就诊延迟率为25.82%,高于65岁患者的12.83%;外地户籍患者就诊延迟率为23.16%,高于本地户籍患者的11.85%;初中及以下文化程度患者就诊延迟率为18.87%,高于高中及以上患者的12.21%;农民及农民工患者就诊延迟率为19.33%,高于其他职业患者的10.84%(均P0.05)。136例就诊延迟患者中,结核病免费治疗政策、结核病相关症状和疑似肺结核判定标准的知晓率分别为35.29%、55.88%和4.41%,分别低于就诊及时患者的51.11%、69.13%和11.96%(均P0.01)。延迟就诊原因主要为出现症状自我服药后再就诊(31.62%)和自感病情轻或不在乎(19.85%)。结论流动人口、文化程度低、老年人和农民及农民工为结核病就诊延迟的主要人群,应针对上述人群加强结核病防治知识宣传。     

2012-2015年辉县市涂阳肺结核密切接触者筛查报告分析

目的了解全市2012-2015年四年来涂阳肺结核密切接触者检查出活动性肺结核的检出率以及有关影响因素。方法对涂阳病人的密切接触者筛查,采用PPD试验、胸部X线检查、痰涂片检查和痰培养检查。结果我市涂阳肺结核密切接触者中活动性肺结核的检出率是3.54%,其中涂阳肺结核的检出率是1.23%,60岁年龄组活动性肺结核检出率高于其他年龄组,经统计学处理,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);排菌量3+的病人与排菌量2+的病人密切接触者活动性肺结核检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论涂阳肺结核密切接触者筛查是早期发现活动性肺结核的有效手段。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.