含氟纳米氟磷灰石糊剂修复人工釉质缺损

背景：纳米氟磷灰石糊剂涂敷法可在人牙齿表面生长出类似牙釉质的柱状晶体。目的：观察1mg/L人体安全浓度的氟离子对纳米氟磷灰石糊剂修复人工釉质缺损的影响。方法：将人工早期釉质缺损样本随机分成两组,分别在样本表面涂敷添加含氟的纳米氟磷灰石糊剂（实验组）与不加氟的纳米氟磷灰石糊剂（对照组）,置于37℃水浴孵箱中修复。反应前后对牙齿表面行扫描电镜观察,晶体结构分析,化学成分鉴定和韦氏显微硬度测试。结果与结论：经处理后,两组样品表面都可见有一层与牙釉质化学组成和晶体结构类似的晶体生成,但实验组牙釉质样品表面结晶度、韦氏显微硬度明显高于对照组样品（P〈0.05）,且实验组牙釉质样品表面更光滑。结果表明,人体安全浓度含氟纳米氟磷灰石糊剂可明显提高人工釉质龋显微硬度、结晶度和表面光滑度。     

生物活性玻璃对早期人工釉质龋的再矿化*

背景:生物活性玻璃具有良好的生物相容性,且具有抑制口腔致龋细菌和牙周相关细菌及抗牙本质过敏的作用.目的:评价生物活性玻璃促进早期人工釉质龋再矿化的作用.方法:将新鲜拔除的30颗牛切牙制成人工龋模型,将标本在37℃人工脱矿液内脱矿72 h,用扫描电镜观察脱矿后釉质表面的平滑情况,用显微硬度仪测量脱矿后釉质的显微硬度.然后随机分为3组,每组10个.采用pH循环法模拟人口腔环境,将3组标本分别浸泡在生物活性玻璃溶液、氟化钠溶液及人工唾液内,3次/d,10 min/次,循环浸泡20 d,扫描电镜检测标本脱矿及再矿化情况,用显微硬度计检查牙釉质显微硬度.结果与结论:浸泡在生物活性玻璃溶液中的牙釉质表面较浸泡在其他两溶液中的牙釉质表面光滑平整,无空隙存在;浸泡在生物活性玻璃溶液中的牙釉质表面显微硬度高于浸泡在其他两溶液中的牙釉质表面显微硬度(P <0.05).说明生物活性玻璃在体外实验中能促进早期釉质龋的再矿化.     

多乐氟氟保护漆对乳牙釉质脱矿和再矿化效果的实验研究

目的体外评价多乐氟氟保护漆对乳牙早期龋的脱矿和再矿化效果。方法离体乳牙标本80例,分为多乐氟组、5%氟化钠溶液组及人工唾液对照组,利用p H-循环模型在乳牙标本上形成人工龋,然后进行脱矿-再矿化循环处理,比较三组釉质表面钙释出率、乳牙牙釉质显微硬度及牙釉质表面氟含量的变化。结果多乐氟组乳牙釉质表面钙释出率明显低于5%氟化钠溶液组及人工唾液组,再矿化后的显微硬度、表面氟含量明显高于5%氟化钠溶液组及人工唾液对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多乐氟可明显抑制乳牙早期龋脱矿,促进其再矿化。     

氟化钠、茶多酚对牙釉质再矿化效果分析

目的 探讨氟化钠、茶多酚对牙釉质再矿化效果。方法 选人体离体牙24颗,随机均分为4组。A组电镜观察未脱矿釉质表层,B、C、D组脱矿后分别涂抹去离子水、NaF溶液、茶多酚溶液。再矿化完成后,用肉眼、电镜观察样本并记录脱矿指标,同时用显微硬度计测量各样本表面的硬度。结果 氟化钠组和茶多酚组均可见釉质有多边形不规则沉积物覆盖于釉面微孔隙表面,但茶多酚组能观察到明显微孔隙。再矿化后各组釉质块的显微硬度平均值均有所上升,氟化钠组升高最多,茶多酚组次之,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 氟化钠与茶多酚均能促进再矿化的形成、恢复牙釉质,氟化钠的效果更佳。     

不同邻面去釉厚度对釉质再矿化影响的体外研究

目的通过离体牙的体外实验,比较不同邻面去釉厚度对釉质再矿化效果的影响。方法收集正畸减数拔除的双尖牙50颗,以邻面去釉机分别对每一牙行近远中邻面去釉,并将牙体正中劈开后共100例样本,分为两组:人工唾液对照组(对照组)和氟化泡沫(含氟6‰)处理组实验组。每组中根据去釉量的不同(0.1mm,0.2mm,0.3mm,0.4mm,0.5mm)再分为五个亚组,每亚组10个样本。实验组在邻面去釉后经氟化泡沫处理3次,处理间隔为4周。应用显微硬度仪测量每一样本处理前后去釉面的显微硬度值,应用SPSS19.0进行统计学检验。结果 (1)各组在邻面去釉后、再矿化处理前,显微硬度均值的差异均无统计学意义。(2)两组在再矿化处理后,任一区组内,不同去釉量对牙釉质的显微硬度值影响仍无统计学意义。在区组间,即相同的去釉厚度不同的氟处理,均有统计学差异(均P<0.0001)。结论牙冠邻面去釉厚度在0.1～0.5mm时,对去釉后牙釉质的再矿化效果没有影响。邻面去釉后的氟化处理对釉质的再矿化具有良好的促进作用。     

原子力显微镜对牙体硬组织的纳米结构分析

目的:运用原子力显微镜观察牙冠部的牙釉质、牙本质和釉牙本质界纳米水平结构,分析其结构与功能的关系。方法:实验于2006-10/12在暨南大学纳米技术实验室完成。实验材料:选取暨南大学附属第一医院口腔外科拔除的健康第三恒磨牙30颗,患者知情同意并自愿捐献。受试牙为健康的、需拔除的第三恒磨牙,牙体完整无损坏,拔除后置于含有麝香草酚的水中冻存。实验方法:沿髓腔的上方横切牙齿,切的方向与平面平行,使牙齿一分为二,保留上半部分,抛弃髓腔及牙根部分。用SiC砂纸抛光,然后用1.00,0.30,0.05μm的氧化铝浆水抛光,超声水中振荡清洗,样品在乙醇液中超声浴5min,然后再次在乙醇中漂洗。实验评估:在成像前,所有样品在超纯水中漂洗,室温下干燥后用原子力显微镜观测,每一样品取5个不同位置成像,观察牙釉质、牙本质、釉牙本质界的表面形貌。结果:①牙釉质的表面形貌:在纳米尺度下,组成牙釉质的羟基磷灰石晶体是由大小较均匀一致的颗粒组成,颗粒的大小为(767.05±76.71)nm,颗粒之间排列得非常致密、有序,具有一定的方向性,形成长条索状结构,即釉柱。釉质表面的平均粗糙度是(16.88±0.18)nm。②牙本质的表面形貌:在纳米尺度下,组成牙本质的羟基磷灰石晶体是呈球形的颗粒,大小较均匀,颗粒较大,为(1120.24±162.34)nm,颗粒排列紧密。可见到牙本质小管的开口,其边缘为管周牙本质,其余部分为管间牙本质,牙本质小管的直径是(1471.13±182.03)nm,牙本质表面平均粗糙度是(20.14±0.16)nm。③釉牙本质界的表面形貌:成束状排列的釉柱,与釉牙本质界垂直,组成釉牙本质界的牙釉质和牙本质的羟基磷灰石晶体相互渗透、彼此重叠,它们之间的连接并非完全致密,而是有一定地腔隙,呈扇贝状的波浪外形,凹面朝向牙釉质,凸面朝向牙本质,牙釉质和牙本质相互交替有规律镶嵌。结论:纳米尺度下,牙釉质的羟基磷灰石晶体排列致密、有序,平均粗糙度小,是其硬度大、脆性高,表面光滑的结构基础;牙本质的羟基磷灰石晶体排列较疏松,有机基质含量多,这样的结构赋予其一定的韧性;釉牙本质界在阻止釉质裂扩散的过程中起到关键的阻挡作用,这种优异的生物学结构和机械特性为研究与牙体硬组织生物学特性相似的充填材料的结构提供一种纳米量级的可视化平台。     

氟保护漆预防牙釉质脱矿的效果评价

背景:近年来在正畸治疗中产生牙釉质脱矿的副作用受到了越来越多的关注.尽管采取了各种方法和试剂,治疗效果尚不统一.目的:观察在牙齿正畸治疗过程中氟保护漆对牙釉质脱矿的保护效果.设计、时间及地点:对比观察,病例来自2006-01/2009-01解放军济南军区青岛第二疗养院口腔中心正畸科.对象:入选固定矫治患者132例(856颗牙),男56例,女76例,年龄7～18岁,平均年龄10.5岁.所有参与者牙体硬组织均发育良好,无四环素牙、氟斑牙、无牙体充填物,对治疗签订知情同意书,接受牙面处理和定期复查.方法:将实验对象随机分成实验组和对照组.实验组的牙齿安装粘托槽是使用氟保护漆,并每3个月重涂1层,而对照组和实验组操作基本相同,只是不使用氟保护漆.正畸治疗结束后,拆除矫治装置,对所有牙齿进行清洁抛光,观察记录数据.主要观察指标:两组正畸治疗后牙釉质脱矿的检出率.结果:实验组牙釉质脱矿发生率为5.51%,对照组釉质脱矿发生率为15.1%,使用氟保护漆后牙釉质脱矿发生率明显降低.结论:牙齿正畸治疗过程中使用氟保护漆对牙釉质脱矿有较好的保护效果.     

酪蛋白磷酸多肽对牙釉质龋再矿化作用的初步研究

目的 :检测酪蛋白磷酸多肽 (CPP)否具有促进牙釉质龋再矿化的作用。方法 :选择无龋离体牙制成人工龋标本 ,用含 0 2 %CPP的再矿化液处理。借助显微硬度计、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜观察 0 2 %CPP的再矿化液对牙釉质龋的再矿化效果。结果 :与对照组相比 ,0 2 %CPP的再矿化液处理后显微硬度明显增加 ,有显著的统计学意义。扫描电镜观察釉质表面有不规则的矿化物沉积 ,偏光显微镜下表现为以矿化为主的负性双折射区变宽。结论 :CPP在牙釉质龋的再矿化过程中具有重要的促进作用     

Varnish XT和ICON渗透树脂对釉质龋白斑微硬度的影响

背景：早期龋的治疗方法中,可以采用氟化物对龋白斑进行再矿化处理。长效释氟玻璃离子保护膜（Varnish XT）和ICON渗透树脂是两种新型的材料,Varnish XT是一种新型的树脂加强型玻璃离子,可以作为再矿化材料的新选择。ICON渗透树脂是一种流动性较好的高渗透系数树脂,借助毛细作用渗入到脱矿釉质的微孔中,利用低黏性的渗透树脂取代由于脱矿而丧失的硬组织并占据微孔的空间,填补釉质脱矿区并阻止病损的进一步发展。目的：观察Varnish XT和ICON渗透树脂两种微创治疗材料对釉质龋白斑微硬度的影响。方法：选择牛门齿100颗,将唇面向下作为观察面,环氧树脂包埋,打磨。暴露至少6 mm×10 mm的釉质牙面,由切端至颈部依次分A,B,C,D,E 5个区,E区用抗酸指甲油封闭。分别采用人工龋脱矿液后,A区不做处理,B区经Varnish XT处理,C区经ICON渗透树脂处理,D区经氟化物处理后,用韦氏硬度仪测量表面显微硬度值。结果与结论：脱矿样本经处理后A,B,C,D区的表面显微硬度值较E区均明显降低（P 〈0.05）, B,C,D区样本表面显微硬度值均较A区升高,且表面显微硬度值C区〉B区、D区（P 〈0.05）;B区的表面显微硬度值与D区相比,差异无显著性意义（P 〉0.05）。说明ICON渗透树脂、Varnish XT和氟化物对龋白斑的微硬度都有明显的改善,ICON渗透树脂的改善较Varnish XT和氟化物明显,Varnish XT和氟化物之间无明显差异。     

纳米羟基磷灰石复合树脂材料修复牙体缺损的疗效观察

正牙体缺损临床比较常见,临床须通过人工材料填充以修复牙齿形态,促咀嚼功能恢复,同时对美观度提出高要求[1-2]。目前多倾向选择性能(物理、化学、机械)良好、生物相容性良好、美观性高、安全可靠填充材料[3]。羟基磷灰石主要源于脊椎动物骨骼肌牙齿中,在口腔科治疗中应用较多,安全可行,且其晶体结构成分与牙体硬组织类似。复合树脂[4-6]在各牙体缺损修复中广泛使用。本院对50例牙体缺损患者行纳米羟基磷灰     

H+ coupled transport of p.o. cephalosporins via dipeptide carriers in rabbit intestinal brush-border membranes: difference of transport characteristics between cefixime and cephradine

We demonstrated previously that aminocephalosporins, such as cephradine, possessing a alpha-amino group and a carboxyl group, are transported via H+/dipeptide carrier system in the intestinal brush-border membranes. The present study examined the transport characteristics of cefixime, a new p.o. cephalosporin with two carboxyl groups, by the rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles in comparison with those of cephradine. With an intravesicular pH of 7.5, apparent optimum extravesicular pH was 6.0 for cephradine uptake and more acidic (pH 4.5-5.0) for cefixime uptake. An inward H+ gradient [( pH]i = 7.5, [pH]o = 5.0) induced overshoot uptake of cefixime, and this uptake was reduced in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, a protonophore. Cefixime uptake at pH 5.0 was trans-stimulated (countertransport effect) and cis-inhibited by dipeptides and aminocephalosporins but not at pH 7.5. Cephradine uptake at pH 7.5 was stimulated by the countertransport effect of dipeptide but not by cefixime. Cefixime and cephradine uptake at pH 5.0 was greatly inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene. These findings indicate that cefixime is transported by an inward H+ gradient via dipeptide carrier only in an acidic pH region, whereas cephradine is transported via dipeptide carrier in both neutral and acidic pH regions, suggesting the existence of multiple transport systems for dipeptides; a neutral pH preferring system (Type I) and an acidic pH preferring system (Type II).     

Studies on cholesterol esterase in cultured rabbit smooth muscle cells

Acid and neutral cholesterol esterases (CEases) in cultured rabbit smooth muscle cells (SMC) were examined. The optimal pH of acid CEase was 4.5 and its apparent Km was 83 microM. The optimal pH of neutral CEase was 7.5 and its apparent Km was 38 microM. CEases were most active with substrate vesicles prepared with phosphatidylcholine. Acid CEase hydrolyzed cholesteryl [1-14C]oleate labeled LDL (LDL-CE), but neutral CEase did not. Incubation with LDL increased the acid and neutral CEase activities of SMC, but incubation with acetylated-LDL did not increase their activities.     

Stability of the Combination of Ceftazidime and Cephazolin in Icodextrin or pH Neutral Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

♦ Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution.♦ Methods: Ceftazidime and cephazolin were injected into either a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bag to obtain the concentration of 125 mg/L of each antibiotic. A total of nine 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bags containing ceftazidime and cephazolin were prepared and stored at 1 of 3 different temperatures: 4°C in a domestic refrigerator; 25°C at room temperature; or 37°C (body temperature) in an incubator. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (0 hour) or after 12, 24, 48, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 336 hours of storage. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for the concentration of ceftazidime and cephazolin using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Ceftazidime and cephazolin were considered stable if they retained more than 90% of their initial concentration. Samples were also assessed for pH, colour changes and evidence of precipitation immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis.♦ Results: Ceftazidime and cephazolin in both types of PD solution retained more than 90% of their initial concentration for 168 and 336 hours respectively when stored at 4°C. Both of the antibiotics lost more than 10% of the initial concentration after 24 hours of storage at 25 or 37°C. There was no evidence of precipitation at any time under the tested storage conditions. Change in the pH and color was observed at 25 and 37°C, but not at 4°C.♦ Conclusion: Premixed ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD solution is stable for at least 168 hours when refrigerated. This allows the preparation of PD bags in advance, avoiding the necessity for daily preparation. Both the antibiotics are stable for at least 24 hours at 25 and 37°C, permitting storage at room temperature and pre-warming of PD bags to body temperature prior to its administration.     

Delivery of plasmid DNA to articular chondrocytes via novel collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices

Our primary objective was to fabricate a porous gene-supplemented collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GSCG) matrix for sustained delivery (over a period of several weeks) of plasmid DNA to articular chondrocytes when implanted into cartilage lesions. The specific aims of this in vitro study were to determine the release kinetics profiles of plasmid DNA from the GSCG matrices, and to determine the ability of the released plasmid DNA to transfect adult canine articular chondrocytes. In particular, we evaluated the effects of two variables, cross-linking treatment and the pH at which the DNA was incorporated into the matrices, on the amount of the plasmid DNA that remained bound to the GSCG matrices after passive (nonenzymatic) leaching and on the expression of a reporter gene in articular chondrocytes grown in the GSCG matrices. Collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices were synthesized without cross-linking, and by three cross-linking treatments: dehydrothermal (DHT) treatment, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) treatment, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The plasmid DNA was incorporated into the collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices in solutions at pH 2.5 or 7.5. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed plasmid DNA bound to the walls of the porous GSCG matrices. In general, the GSCG matrices fabricated at pH 2.5 retained a larger fraction of the initial DNA load after 28 days of incubation in Tris-EDTA buffer. The passive, solvent-mediated release of the plasmid DNA from the GSCG matrices showed a biphasic pattern consisting of a faster, early release rate over the initial 8 hr of leaching followed by a slower, late release rate that was relatively constant over the subsequent 28 days of leaching. Electrophoretic analyses revealed that the plasmid DNA released from the GSCG matrices fabricated at pH 2.5 had been linearized and/or degraded; whereas the plasmid DNA leached from the GSCG matrices prepared with a DNA solution at pH 7.5 was primarily supercoiled and linear. Plasmid DNA released from all GSCG matrix formulations was able to generate luciferase reporter gene expression in monolayer-cultured chondrocytes transfected with the aid of a commercial lipid reagent, and in chondrocytes cultured in the GSCG matrices without the aid of a supplemental transfection reagent. Luciferase expression in chondrocyte-seeded GSCG constructs was evident throughout the culture period (28 days), with the EDC and UV cross-linked matrices prepared at pH 7.5 providing the highest transgene expression levels. We conclude that released plasmid DNA continually transfected canine articular chondrocytes seeded into GSCG matrices in vitro for a 4-week period as evidenced by luciferase reporter gene expression. Thus, GSCG matrices can be fabricated to provide sustained release of plasmid DNA carrying a potential therapeutic gene.     

Potentiation of susceptibility to aminoglycosides by salicylate in Escherichia coli.

Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to kanamycin and seven other aminoglycosides has been found to be strongly potentiated by salicylate. At pH 7.5, in the presence of 15 mM salicylate and 0.5 micrograms of kanamycin per ml, the efficiency of plating of the bacteria was 2 x 10(-5), whereas there was no significant killing in the presence of kanamycin or salicylate alone. With 0.75 micrograms of kanamycin per ml, the addition of 2.5 mM salicylate was sufficient to reduce the efficiency of plating by more than 10(4)-fold. Synergistic effects were found also at pHs 6.5 and 8.5. To determine whether the action of salicylate resulted from its behavior as a weak acid or its salicyl structure, similar experiments were carried out with acetate and salicyl alcohol. Acetate, a membrane-permeating weak acid, showed a synergistic effect on kanamycin susceptibility at pH 6.5 that was comparable to the effect seen with salicylate at pH 6.5. However, acetate had no synergistic effect with kanamycin at pH 7.5 or 8.5. This is consistent with the ability of acetate to increase the membrane potential of cells and the dependence of susceptibility to kanamycin and other aminoglycosides on the membrane potential. Salicyl alcohol, which has a hydroxyl group in the place of the carboxyl group that is present in salicylate, was an effective synergist with kanamycin. It was equally effective at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 and somewhat more effective at pH 8.5. These results support the hypothesis that two effects are involved in the synergy between aminoglycosides and salicylate: a weak acid effect, possibly to increase the membrane potential, and an uncharacterized effect related to the salicyl structure.     

不同pH值纳米羟基磷灰石复合根充糊剂的体外抑菌性

背景：目前临床应用的根管充填糊剂抗菌作用有限,仃仵组织刺激性强、成形困难、根管封闭性较差及易降解等缺点。目的：比较不同pH值纳米羟基磷灰石复合根充糊刺对感染根臀常见菌的体外抑菌作用。方法：建立体外根管粪肠球菌、白色念球荫感染模型,评价pH8纳米羟基磷灰石糊剂、pH9纳米羟幕磷扶“糊剂、pH10纳米黔基磷灰钉糊刑存离体牙根管内的抗菌作用,并以氧化锌丁香油做对照。结果与结论：所有根充糊剂均其有抑荫作用。各pH值纳米砼基磷灰石糊剂对粪肠球菌抑制作用实验组优于氧化锌丁香油组（P〈0．05）,不同pH值纳米羟慕磷灰石纰组间比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。而对白色念珠芮抑制作用各pH值纳米羟基磷灰石组不及氧化锌丁香油组（P〈0．05）,各pH值纳米羟基磷灰石组组间比较,pH10纳米羟基磷灰石组〉pH9纳米羟堆磷灰秆组〉pH8纳米羟基磷灰石组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,感染根管模型中,纳米羟基磷灰石根充糊剂对粪肠球菌的抑制作用好于氧化锌丁香油（P〈0．05）,而对白色念珠菌的抑制作用不及氧化锌丁香油（P〈0．05）。pH=10纳米胫基磷灰石复合根充糊剂的抑菌作用最佳。     

Engineering a recombination neutral protease I from Aspergillus oryzae to improve enzyme activity at acidic pH

Extracellular neutral proteases (NPs) in Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) play a role in hydrolyzing soybean proteins into smaller peptides at pH about 7.5. The optimum pH of moromi fermentation (The second stage of soy sauce fermentation.) is 4.5–5.5. NPI is acid sensitive. To decrease the pH optimum of NPI, we got a mutant NPI-Y122FK246ID382V from the error-prone PCR library that showed optimal activity at pH 5.5. The specific activity at 40 °C of the NPI-Y122FK246ID382V mutant was 1383.50 U mg⁻¹, which was 2.75-fold that of wild-type (503.09 U mg⁻¹). The Michaelis constants of the mutant decreased from 22.13 mM (wild-type) to 19.98 mM (NPI-Y122FK246ID382V). The residues at positions 122 and 246 are important in influencing hydrolytic activity at pH 5.5 through site-directed mutagenesis. And the pH optimum of double amino acid mutants (Y122FK246I) shifted dramatically to an acidic pH compared to those of single amino acid substitution. Molecular models and structural comparisons of native and mutant provided further insight on the basis to improve catalytic efficiency at acidic pH. These results indicated that we modified the neutral protease I of Aspergillus oryzae, which can effectively improve the application of the neutral protease in industrial production, and finally lay the foundation for improving the utilization rate of raw protein.

Extracellular neutral proteases (NPs) in Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) play a role in hydrolyzing soybean proteins into smaller peptides at pH about 7.5.     

青鹏膏剂治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效观察

目的:观察青鹏膏剂对膝骨性关节炎治疗的有效性及安全性。方法:膝骨关节炎患者80例,随机分为试验和对照两组,各40例。试验组为青鹏膏剂,对照组选用双氯芬酸二乙胺乳剂,两药均每日2次局部外用,涂布于患侧膝关节,疗程4w,评估治疗前后膝骨性关节炎的临床总积分和有效率,并纪录不良反应。结果:治疗4w后,试验组和对照组的临床总积分与治疗前相比,分别下降至(9.22±7.58)和(11.25±7.22),总有效率分别为92.5%、87.5%,但两组比较差异无统计学意义。均无明显不良反应。结论:青鹏膏剂治疗膝骨关节炎的近期疗效肯定,安全性好。     

Evidence for less irritation to the peritoneal membrane in rats dialyzed with solutions low in glucose degradation products.

BACKGROUND: Acidic pH and the presence of glucose degradation products (GDP) are believed to compromise the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF).The present study examines the effects of long-term exposure to GDP and low pH by comparing conventional PDF and a new, neutral pH, low GDP solution. METHODS: All experiments were performed using a chronic infusion model of dialysis in nonuremic rats. The animals were treated for 6 weeks with 2 daily injections of 4.25% glucose-containing PDF.The following PDF were tested: CAPD3 (single-chamber bag, low pH, high GDP), CAPD3 pH 7.4 (single-chamber bag, neutral pH, high GDP), CAPD3-Balance (double-chamber bag, neutral pH, low GDP). All test solutions were obtained from Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of exposure, peritoneal permeability to water, urea, creatinine, glucose, and sodium, assessed by peritoneal equilibration test, was similar in all groups. However, compared to other PDF, dialysis with CAPD3-Balance was associated with reduced concentrations of protein and hyaluronan in the dialysate, decreased peritoneal eosinophilia, and reduced dialysate levels of chemokines CCL2/MCP-1 and CCL5/RANTES. Morphologic changes in the peritoneal membrane of CAPD3-Balance-treated animals were much less pronounced and included reduced vascular density, preservation of the mesothelial monolayer and intercellular junction, and no reduplication of the submesothelial basement membrane. CONCLUSIONS: A new generation of PDF with physiologic pH and low GDP level produce less irritation to the peritoneal membrane and better preserve its structural integrity. This effect seems to be related predominantly to minimized GDP concentrations.