A hospital-based study on pulmonary function tests and exercise tolerance in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases

A total of 105 male and 60 female patients were screened in the respiratory medicine outpatients' department, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata between December, 2002 and January, 2005. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were diagnosed on the basis of history and clinical examination while patients with body mass index > or =25 and otherwise disease-free were grouped as overweights. Patients suffering from other diseases like systemic hypertension, etc, were referred from other departments after proper evaluation. The patients and controls (n=10) each for male and female groups were subjected to spirometry using computerised electronic spirometer while exercise tolerance was evaluated by modified Harvard step test. Thirty-nine male and 21 female patients were diagnosed and grouped in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group. Both purely obstructive [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)% pred<70 and reduced FEV1% pred] and mixed (both obstructive and restrictive pattern ie, FEV1/FVC% pred normal or supernormal, FVC% pred <80 indicating restrictive pattern and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) pred or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)% pred <70 indicating early small airway obstruction pattern were seen in both sexes. Although the exercise tolerance values were non-significant in both sexes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease obstructive pattern group, in mixed pattern group it was seen significant reduction compared to control. Hypertensives (21 males and 7 females) showed obstructive spirometric pattern. Exercise tolerance values were significantly reduced compared to controls. Male overweights (n=13) showed restrictive pattern while female overweights (n=8) showed obstructive pattern in spirometry. Exercise tolerance values were non-significant compared to control in both the groups. In ischaemic heart disease patients (n=6) FEV1%pred showed significant reduction in spirometry. In patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=4), post-tuberculous group (n=7), hypothyroid (n=6), collagen vascular disease group (n=6) showed restrictive spirometric pattern and the above groups including IHD patients showed significant reduction in exercise tolerance values. Some authors have stated that mixed ventilatory defect is characterised by low FEV1/FVC% pred in spirometry and low lung volumes where the lung volumes have to be ascertained by other methods but in the present investigation it was observed that mixed ventilatory defect can be estimated by spirometry; PEFR and/or FEF(25-75%). pred <70% whereas FEV1/FVC% pred is normal or supernormal. This finding is completely new one to predict mixed ventilatory defect.     

成都地区COPD患病危险因素的城乡对比研究

目的 对比分析成都地区城市和农村慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）患病情况及其危险因素差异。方法 采取整群随机抽样方法,于2010年2～12月选取成都市城市和农村共4个社区,对被选人群中所有40～70岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和便携式肺功能检查。对气流受限者使用支气管扩张剂后再次测定一秒钟用力呼气量／用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）小于70%者确诊为COPD。结果 在1931个样本人群中1579人完成了调查表和肺功能检查,应答率81.77%。成都地区COPD总患病率8.35%,城市患病率7.69%低于农村12.37%（\P\P\P\P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,吸烟量、文化程度、年龄和BMI是男性COPD危险因素。厨房烹饪燃料用煤、经济收入和BMI是女性COPD危险因素。结论 成都地区COPD患病率高,农村高于城市,主要危险因素有吸烟量、厨房烹饪燃料、BMI。     

Nebuhaler versus wet aerosol for domiciliary bronchodilator therapy. A multi-centre clinical comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effectiveness and patient acceptance of a large spacer device (Nebuhaler) for delivery of metered dose aerosol (MDI) terbutaline with nebulised wet aerosol terbutaline. DESIGN: Randomised open crossover study over two sequential four week treatment periods, following a two week run-in. SETTING: Multi-centre including five adult thoracic units and three paediatric centres throughout Australia. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight adults and 23 children with clinical asthma and reversible airflow obstruction (increase in forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] of greater than or equal to 15% in response to inhaled bronchodilator) entered the study proper. Six adults and one child withdrew. INTERVENTIONS: Terbutaline was administered four times daily via Nebuhaler/MDI or nebuliser. Clinical assessment with spirometry and peak flow readings was made after run-in and at the end of each treatment period. Patients recorded on diary cards daily peak expiratory flow rates and symptom scores and comparisons of these results for each treatment period were made. At the completion of the study patients answered a treatment preference questionnaire. RESULTS: No differences were found between the two treatment periods in diary card peak flow recordings and symptom score data, and in clinical assessment of spirometry and peak expiratory flow rates. There were also no differences between spirometry and peak flow values recorded at the clinic at randomisation and at the end of each treatment period, suggesting stable basal airflow obstruction over the period of the study. Thirty-two per cent of adults and 52% of children preferred the Nebuhaler/MDI combination, mainly because of convenience of use. Treatment preference was not related to any measured index of lung function. CONCLUSIONS: MDI terbutaline delivered via Nebuhaler provides clinical benefit similar to that of wet aerosol terbutaline in the long-term domiciliary management of patients with stable airflow obstruction.     

动态肺量测定在支气管哮喘中的应用

目的探讨动态肺量测定技术在支气管哮喘中的应用.方法建立动态肺量测定技术,对20例支气管哮喘患者每天清晨、下午和入睡前连续14 d动态监测气道功能、症状和情绪.结果白天标准肺功能检查结果正常的支气管哮喘患者,第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)和最大呼气峰流量(PEF)在夜间和凌晨可出现明显下降.肺功能指标与支气管哮喘症状的相关分析发现,只有7例患者(35%)支气管哮喘症状与FEV1和PEF存在相关关系.4例患者(20%)肺功能基本正常,但有很多症状,症状与FEV1和PEF无相关关系,但与负面情绪相关.另外2例患者(10%)肺功能损害严重,但几乎没有症状.结论动态肺量测定技术能客观反映支气管哮喘患者气道功能的昼夜自然变化,因此可以更准确地反映支气管哮喘的严重程度.动态肺量测定技术结合症状和情绪的同步监测,可以帮助识别出特殊症状感觉类型的支气管哮喘患者.     

轻-中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者左心室功能的变化

目的研究轻-中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者左心室功能变化情况。方法纳入2009年3月至2010年10月于苏州大学附属第二医院呼吸科门诊就诊的慢性支气管炎患者31例,轻-中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病42例,将16例肺功能正常的中老年体检者作为对照。均检测左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左心室每搏量（LVsV）和左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心率、心输出量、心脏指数。分析患者左心室功能与肺通气功能指标的相关性。结果健康对照者LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、心率、心输出量、心脏指数均值分别为（142±10）ml、（50±7）ml、（92±6）ml、（66±5）次／min、（6．0±0．5）L／min和3．7±0．3,与慢性支气管炎患者比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。慢性支气管炎患者LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、心输出量、心脏指数分别为（137±14）ml、（49±6）ml、（89±9）ml、（6．0±0．5）L／min和3．7±0．4,高于轻-中度COPD患者的（120±16）ml、（44±7）ml、（76±12）ml、（5．5±0．8）L／min和3．3±0．6（P〈0．01）,心率比轻一中度COPD患者低,分别为（68±6）次／min与（72±6）次／min（P=0．003）。慢性支气管炎患者与轻-中度COPD患者比较,LVEF均值差异无统计学意义（P=0．130）。在慢性支气管炎和轻．中度COPD患者中,LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、心输出量、心脏指数与第一秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量、第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比呈正相关;心率与第一秒用力呼气容积、第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比呈负相关;LVEF与用力肺活量呈正相关,但与第一秒用力呼气容积、第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比无显著相关。LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV、心率、心输出量、心脏指数与第一秒用力呼气容积符合线性关系。结论单纯慢性支气管炎患者左心室功能受损不明显,轻-中度COPD患者已经存在左心室功能减低,主要表现为左心室舒张末期充盈受损。COPD患者气道阻塞程度可以在一定程度上反映出患者左心室功能的受损情况。     

肺结核病史者第一秒用力呼气容积的结果分析

目的 通过测定第一秒用力呼气容积（ FEV1 ）,分析肺结核病史者的肺功能特点.方法 对潍坊市部分农村地区40 岁以上的居民进行问卷调查、胸片和肺通气功能检测,取资料完整的1052例进行分析.结果 肺结核病史者的FVC%,FEV1%,FEV1/FVC,吸入支气管舒张剂后FEV1%改善及FEV1/FVC等指标均低于非肺结核病史者,差异均有统计学意义.有慢性气流受限不可逆的肺结核病史者吸入支气管舒张剂后FEV1%改善及FEV1/FVC等指标均显著低于无肺结核病史的COPD者,FEV1/FVC指标无明显差异.有吸烟史肺结核病史者吸入支气管舒张剂后FEV1%改善及FEV1/FVC等指标均低于无吸烟史的肺结核病史者,仅FEV1/FVC差异有统计学意义.结论 肺结核病史者的第一秒呼气容积各项指标均较无肺结核病史者差.与COPD者比较,慢性气流受限不可逆的肺结核病史者的气道阻力及受限程度较高,对支气管舒张剂的反应性较差;吸烟使气流受限不可逆的风险性增高.     

常规肺通气功能检测在儿童支气管哮喘规范化管理中的应用

目的 通过对比支气管哮喘患儿规范化治疗前后肺功能指标的变化,为本地区儿童哮喘规范化管理提供依据。方法 采用肺功能测定系统对33 例哮喘儿童在急性发作期、缓解期3、6 个月及1 年分别进行常规肺通气功能测定,比较各期实测值,以及异常比例的差异。结果 哮喘患儿急性发作期用力肺活量（FVC）、1 秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、最大呼气流量（PEF）及75%、50%、25%肺活量时用力呼气流速（FEF25~75）等实测值与预计值比较均下降,规范化治疗后3个月开始相关指标逐渐恢复,6个月后反映大气道功能相关指标（FVC、FEV1等）基本恢复。1年时反映小气道功能相关指标FEF25~75 恢复。结论 通过对支气管哮喘儿童肺功能的监测,可以动态观察患儿气道功能恢复情况,为儿童支气管哮喘规范化管理提供客观依据。     

哮喘样表现的支气管腺样囊性癌1例

哮喘是呼吸科常见病,典型表现为慢性咳嗽、喘息,夜间症状为著,以及可逆性气流阻塞。腺样囊性癌是一种少见的特殊类型的气道恶性肿瘤,常见于气管中下段,临床上以慢性咳嗽、喘鸣、进行性呼吸困难、固定性中心气道狭窄为主要表现［1］。现将北京大学第三医院2015年收治的1例发生于左主支气管,肺功能表现为可逆性气流阻塞,被误诊为难治性哮喘的支气管腺样囊性癌报告如下,并进行临床分析和文献复习。     

Adequacy of management and severity of asthma in children attending a summer camp

To assess the adequacy of therapy in asthma, 46 children with asthma attending a summer camp were asked to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms and the treatment that they had received. Each child's height, weight, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. According to defined criteria of symptom severity the children were categorized as suffering from severe (48%) or mild (52%) asthma. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio (P less than 0.05) and the mean FEV1 were lower (P less than 0.02) in the children with severe asthma compared with those with mild asthma. In the group with severe asthma, 68% of the children were considered to be receiving suboptimal therapy; 45% had never had their FEV1 or FVC measured. Among those who were receiving suboptimal therapy, 40% had measurable airflow obstruction compared with 17% of children with mild asthma. Because poor management of asthma remains common in children, the need to make doctors and parents aware of the fact that suboptimal therapy may contribute significantly to the morbidity of the condition is emphasized.     

Asymptomatic patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） has a variable natural history and not all individuals follow the same course. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic COPD patients from a population-based survey in China.Methods A multistage cluster sampling strategy was used in a population from seven different provinces/cities. All residents （over 40 years old） were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire and spirometry.Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1）/forced vital capacity （FVC） of less than 70% was defined as the diagnostic criterion of COPD. All COPD patients screened were divided into symptomatic group and asymptomatic group according to the presence or absence of chronic respiratory symptoms. Socio-demographic,personal and exposure variables were collected and analyzed.Results Among the 1668 patients who were diagnosed with COPD from the 25 627 sampling subjects, 589 （35.3%）were asymptomatic. The age, sex, body mass index （BMI）,rural and urban distributions, smoking habit and education levels were similar in the two groups. A total of 64.7% of the asymptomatic patients had no comorbidities. Cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer were more common among symptomatic COPD patients than asymptomatic group.Asymptomatic COPD group were less likely to present with poor ventilation in the kitchen, a family history of respiratory disease and recurrent childhood cough. Asymptomatic COPD patients had significantly higher FEV1 （73.1% vs. 61.0%）, FVC （91.9% vs. 82.0%）, and a higher ratio of FEV1/FVC （62.9% vs.58.7%） （all P 〈0.001） than symptomatic group. More asymptomatic patients were underdiagnosed （91.9% vs.54.3%, P〈0.001） than symptomatic patients.Conclusions This large population-based survey confirmed a high prevalence of asymptomatic COPD patients in China. More use of spirometry screening test may be important to the early detection of COPD.     

The influence of peritoneal dialysis on the pulmonary function of patients with end-stage renal disease]

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the change of pulmonary function in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD) before and after peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: In this study were measured the forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum breathing capacity (MBC), the forced expiratory volume of the first second (FEV1), maximal expiratory flow (MEF), maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF), 25% of maximal expiratory flow (V25), and the diffusion of co in lung (DLco) for 50 patients with end-stage renal disease and 20 normal subjects. All the indexes were determined again in 30 ESRD patients two months after peritoneal dialysis. RESULTS: The indexes of pulmonary ventilation (FVC, MBC, FEV1, PEF, MMEF, V25) and the pulmonary diffusion DLco were lower in the ESRD patients than in the controls. FEV1, PEF, MMEF and V25 were improved markedly after peritoneal dialysis in ESRD patients (P < 0.05); FVC, MBC, and DLco were of no change (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The function of pulmonary ventilation and diffusion are decreased in patients with ESRD accompanied with airways obstruction. Peritoneal dialysis can improve airways obstruction remarkably, but it has no effect on the function of pulmonary ventilation and diffusion.     

The bronchodilator effects of aerosolized terbutaline. A controlled, double-blind study.

The bronchodilator effects of aerosols of a high-dose of terbutaline sulfate (1.5 mg), a low-dose of terbutaline sulfate (0.75 mg), isoproterenol (0.3 mg), and placebo were compared using forced expiratory spirometry, flow-volume curves, and body plethysmography in a double-blind, six-hour, controlled study in 25 patients with reversible airflow obstruction. After isoproterenol therapy, the values peaked at 15 minutes, and none were significantly different (P less than .05) from placebo after the 30-minute observation point. The values for high-dose terbutaline peaked at one hour at a level that exceeded responses to isoproterenol. All values except the forced vital capacity at five and six hours and functional residual capacity at six hours were significantly greater than placebo (P less than .05) at all observation points. The low-dose terbutaline values peaked earlier and at a lower value than the high-dose terbutaline values, and several indexes were significantly greater (P less than .05) than after isoproterenol therapy beyond the two-hour point.     

Comparison of two chamber devices in patients using a metered-dose inhaler with satisfactory technique.

A randomized clinical crossover trial was carried out to compare the use in the home, during 1-week periods, of two commercially available chamber devices (the Aerochamber and the Spacer) and a standard metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in 24 patients with reversible bronchospasm and satisfactory inhaler technique. Measurements of peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of FEV1 to FVC and forced midexpiratory flow rate were made immediately before and 15 minutes after inhalation of terbutaline sulfate. No difference was noted in results of spirometry, peak flow readings or side effects between the devices. The results of spirometry were better during the trial than immediately before it (p less than 0.01). The mean score for inhaler technique was significantly lower at follow-up than during the trial (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that in this population there is no advantage to using either a chamber device rather than an MDI or one chamber device rather than the other.     

白细胞介素6在慢性阻塞性疾病患者痰和血清中的浓度变化

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者痰和血清中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的浓度变化及其与气流受限之间的关系.方法采集54例COPD患者和10例正常健康对照者的痰标本及同期血标本,并做肺功能检查,用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定痰和血清中IL-6浓度,分析它们与气流阻塞相关指标第一秒用力呼气容积与预计值百分比(FEV1%pre)、第一秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC%)、肺残气量(RV)的相关性.结果COPD各极患者痰中IL-6浓度均高于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);COPD患者血清IL-6浓度仅在Ⅱb级、Ⅲ级时高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).COPD患者痰中IL-6浓度明显高于自身血清中IL-6浓度(P＜0.01),且与FEV1%pre负相关(r=-0.752,P＜0.01),与FEV1/FVC%负相关(r=-0.693,P＜0.01),与RV正相关(r=-0.558,P＜0.01);而血清IL-6浓度与FEV1%pre、FEV1/FVC%亦存在负相关(r=-0.561,P＜0.01;r=-0.473,P＜0.01),与RV正相关(r=0.342,P＜0.01).结论COPD患者呼吸道局部IL-6浓度高于外周血IL-6浓度;痰IL-6可更好地反映COPD患者支气管肺泡局部的病理生理变化及气流阻塞的程度;IL-6可能参与了COPD的慢性气道炎症过程及气道重塑过程.     

肺结核与慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床分析

目的 评价在新疆地区由肺结核病引起的胸部影像学改变与气流受限的关系。 方法 对于笔者医院1600例患者进行了慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的流行病学调查,并对于有肺结核病史并引起胸部影像学改变并且出现慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患者进行分析。 结果 笔者分析了参与调查的1600例患者,所有患者年龄在40岁以上,并进行了肺功能检查及胸部CT检查,明确气流受限的标准为扩张后FEV₁/FVC<70%;480例患者有既往肺结核感染的影像学改变,480例患者中156例患者有气流受限;在无肺结核所致胸部影像学改变的患者的气流受限的患病率只有9.1%;根据胸部影像学变化造成的气流受限的未校正的比值比为3.788(95%CI:2.544~5.762)。 结论 肺结核所致的胸部影像学改变与气道阻塞有关。     

Prevalence of previously undiagnosed airflow limitation in patients who underwent preoperative pulmonary function test

Although being a rapidly expanding socioeconomical burden worldwide, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often overlooked because of its insidious progression. Since spirometry is the primary tool for the diagnosis of COPD, physicians should be aware of the disease in any situation where interpreting spirometry. This study was to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed COPD among patients who underwent spirometry as a preoperative evaluation for elective surgeries. Patients aged 40 years or older who completed routine spirometry as a preoperative evaluation for elective surgeries between January to December, 2000. Medical records were reviewed for medical history, clinical findings, smoking status, and discharge diagnoses for patients who demonstrated airflow limitation (AL), defined as FEV(1)/FVC<70% on spirometry. Of the 1031 patients who qualified for the study, 263 (26%) presented AL. Sixty-nine of these patients with AL (26%) had underlying conditions that could account for AL, such as asthma and previously diagnosed COPD. The remaining 194 patients with AL (74%) were suspected to have undiagnosed COPD, 90% of which was mild in severity. Only 30 (15%) of these patients appeared to be diagnosed have received a diagnosed as COPD by physician on this occasion. This study testifies that COPD is often unnoticed, and demonstrates that every spirometry, such as in preoperative evaluation, gives a clue to identify affected individuals, for which awareness of the disease is essential.     

Lung function abnormalities and decline of spirometry in scleroderma: an overrated danger?

To document the prevalence and progression of pulmonary involvement in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis including the CREST syndrome), the clinical notes and lung function records of 113 cases were reviewed. Lung function was normal in 39 cases, isolated impairment of DLCO was found in 38 patients, a restrictive defect was present in 27 cases and there was evidence of airflow obstruction in 9 cases. The median duration of symptoms was 10 years. Dyspnoea and an interstitial pattern on chest X-ray were associated with impaired lung function. Death during the period of review was significantly related to initial impairment of the DLCO. Sixty-six patients (53 women and 13 men) underwent repeat spirometry at least 1 year after initial testing. The rates of change in VC and FEV1 were no more rapid than would be expected for normal subjects. There was no significant difference in rates of change between men and women or between dyspnoeic patients and those who were asymptomatic. The extent of skin involvement and the presence of interstitial fibrosis on chest X-ray were unrelated to the rate of loss of lung function. It is concluded that most scleroderma patients in this study had abnormal lung function when first tested, but overall significant worsening of spirometry was not found.     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者支气管黏膜PPARγ、MMP9和iNOS的表达

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者支气管黏膜中过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体 γ(PPAR γ)、基质金属蛋白酶 9(MMP 9)和诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达及与气流阻塞的关系。方法根据吸烟史及肺功能检查将其受试者分为3组：吸烟伴COPD患者18例;吸烟肺功能正常组15例;不吸烟肺功能正常组15例。全部受试者经电子支气管镜取支气管黏膜标本,采用免疫组织化学法检测支气管黏膜中核转录因子PPAR γ、MMP 9和iNOS的表达,并进行相关性分析。结果①免疫组织化学染色结果：核转录因子PPAR γ在吸烟伴COPD组和吸烟肺功能正常组表达明显减少,MMP 9和iNOS在两组表达明显增多,与不吸烟肺功能正常组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;②相关性分析：核转录因子PPAR γ的表达与FEV1%、FEV1/FVC%呈直线正相关（P＜0.01）;MMP 9和iNOS的表达与肺功能指标呈直线负相关（P＜0.01）。COPD患者支气管黏膜中核转录因子PPAR γ的表达与MMP 9和iNOS的表达均呈直线负相关（P＜0.05）。结论COPD患者支气管黏膜中核转录因子PPAR γ表达减少导致气道的抗炎能力下降,气道内炎症细胞及炎症介质增多,导致肺组织损伤及重构,引起和加重COPD患者的气流阻塞。     

慢性支气管炎患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病影响因素的研究

目的 研究慢性支气管炎患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发病的影响。方法 1992年对≥15岁的67251名农民普查发现1999例未发生COPD的慢性支气管炎患者,收集吸烟、COPD家族史、炉灶情况、粉尘接触、肺功能等基线资料。整群随机分为干预区和对照组,对干预区实施戒烟宣传等干预措施。2000年采用分层随机抽样方法抽取1114例进行复查。结果 应答且资料完整者869例（占1114例的78．0％）。吸烟、基线COPD家族史阳性使第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和／或第1秒用力呼气量百分比（FEV1／FVC）随年龄下降速度加快,戒烟者与不吸烟者下降速度无显著差异。COPD8年累积发病与基线年龄、吸烟、COPD家族史阳性呈独立的正相关,而与基线FEV1和FEV1／FVC呈独立的负相关,戒烟与不吸烟者发病危险差异无显著意义。结论 衰老、吸烟、COPD家族史、肺功能低下且慢性支气管炎患者COPD发病独立的危险因素,特别不是独立的危险因素,戒烟可使吸烟者发病危险降低至近似于不吸烟者的水平。     

体描仪测定哮喘儿童和成人肺功能的临床意义

目的探讨人体体积描记仪(人体体描仪)测定哮喘儿童和成人肺功能的临床意义.方法采用人体体描仪测定哮喘发作期儿童及成人治疗前后的肺功能,比较第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力呼气肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力呼气肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)和用力呼气25%、50%肺活量时瞬间流量(FEF25%、FEF50%)等肺功能指标的变化幅度.结果治疗前儿童和成人组PEF异常率分别为92.58%和86.36%,治疗后上述指标均有不同程度提高,差异显著(均为P<0.001);两组间肺功能变化幅度除PEF(P>0.05)外,FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEF25%、FEF50%差异均有显著性(均为P<0.01).结论采用人体体描仪进行肺功能测定有利于哮喘诊断和发作期病情评估,更适合于年长儿童肺功能指标的监测.