Overweight and obesity prevalence rates among youth in the Carolinas

Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns in the United States, reaching epidemic proportions among adults and children in recent years. According to the most recent national surveys, American adults have experienced a 50% increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Moreover, an alarming 100% increase has been observed among children and adolescents since the 1970s. To assess the status of overweight and obesity prevalence among youth in the Carolinas, weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences were monitored during routine cholesterol screenings among 11- to 14-year-olds in two school districts. Of the twelve hundred students screened, 32.4% percent were overweight and 16.4% were obese, exceeding national averages of 22% and 11%, respectively. The overweight and obesity prevalence rates were even more dramatic when broken down by gender and ethnic/racial groups. For instance, 54% of black girls and 45% of black boys were overweight, and better than half of these students were obese. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates among black girls were nearly twice the rates observed for white girls. Ethnic differences in percentage of overweight and obese boys were not as great as those observed among girls. A number of factors may contribute to the unprecedented levels of overweight and obesity observed among American youth, including physical inactivity, poor nutritional habits (i.e., high-fat meals and snacks, and super-sizing), economic, and social factors. Consequently, the coordinated efforts of physicians, school nurses, teachers, parents, and students will be necessary to effectively address the growing problem of childhood obesity.     

重庆市城区3～18岁儿童青少年肥胖症及相关疾病的流行病学调查

目的为掌握重庆市儿童青少年超重肥胖的发病情况,并对心血管疾病相关的高危指标进行观察。方法对重庆市城区23293名3~18岁儿童青少年进行了流行病学调查。测量指标包括身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压。结果(1)总体检出超重12.44%,肥胖为3.72%,其中男孩分别为14.38%、4.99%,女孩为10.37%、2.35%。(2)肥胖组及超重组男女儿童的收缩压及舒张压高于90百分位及95百分位者均多于正常体重组,χ2值分别为404.535、618.486,115.912、131.641,P值均<0.005。(3)腰-臀围比值肥胖男孩中有10.89%腰-臀围比值>1.0,肥胖女孩中有75.00%腰-臀围比值>0.85。结论重庆市城区儿童青少年超重检出率为12.44%,肥胖检出率为3.72%。肥胖儿童中的血压升高者明显的多于同年龄同性别正常体重儿童。女孩中心性肥胖高于男孩。     

Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt

BACKGROUND: Obesity is on the rise among adults, adolescents and children worldwide, including populations living in developing countries. This study aimed to describe body mass index of adolescents from Mexico and Egypt and to evaluate non-nutritional correlates from two cohort studies. METHODS: Questionnaire data and weight and height measurements were collected in two large baseline studies in adolescents between 11 and 19 years old attending public school during the 1998-1999 school year in Mexico (n = 10,537) and the 1997 school year in Egypt (n = 1,502). The authors compared body mass index and correlates stratified by sex and country through multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.8 and 7.9%, respectively, among the Mexican adolescents and 12.1 and 6.2%, respectively, among the Egyptian adolescents. Based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition growth charts, for Mexico 18% of boys and 21% of girls were overweight and 11% of boys and 9% of girls were obese. In the Egyptian sample, 7% of boys and 18% of girls were overweight and 6% of boys and 8% of girls were obese. The most consistent correlates of body mass index in the Mexican population were age, years of education, smoking, vitamin intake and participating in sports, whereas the factors correlated among Egyptian adolescents were age and rural residence. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and overweight are becoming a problem among Mexican and Egyptian youth. Information about the risk factors associated with excessive weight gain during the adolescent period is a first step towards proposing prevention strategies.     

The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7%among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.     

Report on Childhood Obesity in China （5） Body Weight, Body Dissatisfaction, and Depression Symptoms of Chinese Children Aged 9-10 Years

Objective To investigate the relationship between body weight, body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms among Chinese children. Methods The fasting body weight and height of the third and fourth grade students (n=3886, aged 9 or 10 years) from 20 schools in Beijing, China, were measured, and the students were asked to choose the figures of body image and to complete the self-reported children’s depression inventory (CDI) questionnaire. Results The CDI Cronbach’s alpha was 0.81. The total CDI score was 9.60±7.50, 13.2% of children (boys 16.7% vs girls 9.5%) were at risk of developing depression symptoms. Overweight girls, but not boys, had significantly higher total CDI score than their normal weight counteparts. Both obese girls and boys showed a higher negative self-esteem score. More than one fifth underweight girls still wanted to be thinner while more than one third obese boys still wanted to be heavier. Children who wanted to be thinner showed slightly higher scores of ineffectiveness and negative self-esteem. After introducing the body dissatisfaction into the model, overweight was still associated with total CDI score among girls and obesity was still associated with negative self-esteem among both boys and girls. Conclusion Overweight girls show a significantly higher depression symptom score than their normal weight counterparts, which maybe partially explained by body dissatisfaction. Obese boys and girls are both more likely to suffer from low self-esteem, which is partially explained by body dissatisfaction.     

Report on childhood obesity in China (7). Comparison of NCHS and WGOC

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) reference in screening childhood obesity using obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components as disease risk evidence. METHODS: A total of 2020 adolescents (1007 boys and 1013 girls) aged 14-16 years were sampled in Beijing, China. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, as well as blood pressure parameters were available. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and related MS risk factors were analyzed across different body mass index (BMI) categories. The sensitivity and specificity of the WGOC cut-offs were compared with those of National Central Health Statistics (NCHS). RESULTS: Significantly high prevalence of MS and its components were found both in the obesity and overweight groups, which were classified by the WGOC and NCHS references. Similar distribution pattern of MS risk factors existed among different BMI categories, but the frequency and clustering of these factors in the obesity group classified by the NCHS were much higher. Owing to its irrelevant high cut-offs for overweight/obesity (especially for girls since the mid- adolescence), the NCHS reference had a high specificity but a low sensitivity. By contrast, the WGOC reference with a high sensitivity (90.1% for boys and 89.2% for girls) and a relative high specificity (96.4% and 92.8% for obese boys and girls, 78.1% and 68.9% for overweight boys and girls respectively) was more suitable to support the need for early screening, intervention, and treatment of childhood obesity in China. CONCLUSION: High sensitivity is more important than specificity in choosing appropriate screening tools for childhood obesity. Validity test demonstrates that it is rational to use the WGOC reference, established on the basis of the Chinese own reference population as a uniform screening tool for childhood obesity, which can effectively overcome the unnecessary treatment and psychosocial implications of stigmatization caused by misclassification.     

广州市海珠区10～14岁小学生肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解小学生肥胖现状及影响因素。方法 在海珠区随机抽取3所小学,对1100名学生进行体格检查,并对调查对象发放有关肥胖影响因素的调查问卷。结果 本次调查肥胖检出率为5．82％,其中男生533人,肥胖检出率为6．57％;女生567人,肥胖检出率为5．11％,男女间肥胖检出率差异无统计学意义;各年龄组肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义,其中11岁组的肥胖检出率最高;对相关影响因素进行logistic回归分析,进食速度OR=1．615,家长肥胖OR=1．808。结论 不良的生活方式与肥胖的发生密切相关,进食速度、家长肥胖是肥胖的危险因素。     

吉林省延吉市儿童和青少年超重/肥胖现况调查及其影响因素分析

目的：调查2016年吉林省延吉市城区儿童和青少年超重/肥胖现状及相关的生活方式,阐明超重/肥胖的影响因素。方法：采用普查方法对吉林省延吉市城区6~17岁的儿童和青少年42 132人进行身高和体质量测量,计算体质量指数（BMI）。采用问卷调查、分层整群随机抽样方法,在参加体检调查对象中抽取10~14岁儿童和青少年1 523人,调查饮食习惯。采用中国肥胖工作组制定的标准筛查超重和肥胖,采用Logistic回归分析和中介效应分析方法筛选超重/肥胖影响因素。结果：2016年吉林省延吉市城区6~17岁儿童和青少年超重和肥胖总体检出率分别为16.7%和18.4%,超重+肥胖检出率为35.0%。男生超重和肥胖检出率（18.6%,22.0%）均高于女生（14.7%,14.4%）（P<0.01）。7~13岁男生各年龄组超重检出率均高于同年龄的女生（P<0.05或P<0.01）,男生各年龄组肥胖检出率均高于同年龄的女生（P<0.01）。男生超重检出率在12岁达到高峰,在6~10岁肥胖检出率（23.8%~25.6%）均较高,11~17岁肥胖检出率随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降。每周吃烧烤食物≥ 3次（男生OR=1.767,P=0.010,95% CI：1.148~2.719;女生OR=2.205,P=0.002,95% CI：1.327~3.664）和节食减肥（男生OR=2.113,P<0.001,95% CI：1.456~3.065;女生OR=2.128,P<0.001,95% CI：1.430~3.167）增加儿童和青少年超重/肥胖风险,每周吃甜点心≥ 3次（男生OR=0.359,P<0.001,95% CI：0.226~0.573;女生OR=0.324,P<0.001,95% CI：0.186~0.565）和按时吃三餐（男生OR=0.683,P=0.028,95% CI=0.486~0.960;女生OR=0.624,P=0.016,95% CI=0.424~0.916）可降低超重/肥胖风险。自我评价体型在超重肥胖和每天按时吃三餐之间具有完全中介效应。结论：吉林省延吉市6~17岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖检出率处于较高水平,日常饮食习惯和节食减肥是超重/肥胖的主要影响因素。     

儿童青少年超重及肥胖与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨儿童青少年超重肥胖与代谢综合征(MS)的相关性,为MS的早期干预提供参考。方法回顾性分析2007-2010年本院小儿内分泌门诊就诊的57例超重及155例肥胖儿童青少年的临床资料[血压、腰围、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹血胰岛素(FINS)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)],以国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)的青少年MS定义为诊断标准计算MS检出率,并与同期常规体检的年龄性别匹配的228例非超重肥胖健康者进行比较。结果 (1)超重组、肥胖组与对照组比较,腰围、血压及FPG、TG、TC、LDL-C等多项糖脂代谢指标差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),但HDL-C各组间差别无统计学意义。(2)超重组、肥胖组与对照组比较,除HDL-C外其余MS各组分检出率升高,差别有统计学意义,检出率随体质量指数升高逐渐增加(趋势检验P<0.01)。(3)对照组未检出MS患者,超重组检出MS 3名(5.3%),肥胖组检出MS 56名(36.1%),MS检出率随体质量指数升高而增加(趋势检验P<0.01)。(4)超重组、肥胖组Lg HOMA-IR和Lg HOMA-β均较对照组升高(P<0.01)。(5)胰岛素抵抗指数与MS各单项指标显著相关(P均<0.01)。结论超重肥胖儿童青少年MS发生率较正常体质量者显著升高。儿童青少年超重肥胖与MS的发生密切相关,应重视并积极防治。     

广州市肥胖及超重儿童青少年代谢综合征患病情况调查

目的了解广州超重和肥胖儿童、青少年代谢综合征（MS）和代谢异常的患病情况。方法对439名6～18岁儿童、青少年（肥胖者129名,超重者115名,正常对照者195名）行身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压测量,检测空腹血糖、血脂,并行121服葡萄糖耐量试验。结果①肥胖、超重者MS患病率分别为20．9％（27／129）、10．4％（12／115）;胰岛素抵抗者、非胰岛素抵抗者MS患病率分别为17．9％（35／195）、1．6％（4／244）。MS、各代谢异常患病率和多个代谢异常的聚集均随着体重指数（BMI）的增加及胰岛素抵抗的发生呈增加趋势。②BMI与各代谢指标的相关性更强,可独立预测MS风险。结论广州市肥胖及超重儿童、青少年MS患病率较高;BMI可作为儿童、青少年MS肥胖的评估指标。     

The Association of Overweight and Obesity with Blood Pressure among Chinese Children and Adolescents

ObjectiveTo examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsBody mass index (BMI) and blood pressure measurements of 197 191 children aged 7–17 years were obtained from a Chinese national survey in 2010. Obesity and high BP were defined according to the reference values for Chinese children. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different BMI categories for high BP, as well as the population attributable risk percent (PAR%), were also calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of high BP was 16.1% for boys and 12.9% for girls in 2010. Overweight and obese children had a significantly higher prevalence of high BP than non-overweight children in both boys and girls in each age group. ORs (95% CI) for high BP were 4.1 (3.9, 4.4) in obese boys and 4.0 (3.7, 4.3) in obese girls. The overall PAR% for high BP due to overweight and obesity was 14.4%.ConclusionOverweight and obese children have a significantly higher risk of high BP than non-overweight children. Eliminating overweight and obesity could reduce 14.4% of high BP cases.     

家族史及体重指数在儿童血脂紊乱筛查中的意义

目的:探讨将家族史联合肥胖用于筛查儿童血脂紊乱的意义.方法:通过整群抽样方法对北京地区6～18岁儿童青少年进行横断面流行病学调查.有效调查对象19 037例,其中男童9 495人,女童9 542人,根据年龄及性别分为学龄期男童、青春期男童、学龄期女童和青春期女童.检测受试儿童空腹末梢血总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)以及身高、体重并计算体重指数.结果:在总受试儿童中,有家族史儿童占38%,肥胖儿童占4.9%,有家族史并肥胖儿童占2.5%,有家族史或肥胖儿童占40.4%.无肥胖且无家族史儿童、无肥胖但有家族史儿童、肥胖但无家族史儿童及肥胖且有家族史儿童各种血脂异常发生率分别为:高脂血症[7.9%]、9.6%、30.1%及31.5%;高胆固醇血症0.9%、1.5%、 3.3%及2.9%;高甘油三酯血症7.1%、8.6%、29.2%及31.3%;混合型高脂血症0.2%、0.5%、0.4%及2.7%.肥胖儿童发生血脂紊乱的危险性与非肥胖儿童相比各性别年龄分组OR值(95%可信区间)分别为:学龄期男童6.439 (4.178～9.925)、青春期男童6.287 (4.153～[9.518)、]学龄期女童5.063 (3.041～8.427)、青春期女童3.665 (2.536～5.296) (P均=0.000).有家族史儿童发生血脂紊乱的危险性与无家族史儿童相比各性别年龄分组OR值(95%可信区间)分别为:学龄期男童1.204[ (0.952～1.522)] (P =0.121)、青春期男童1.331 (1.047～1.692) (P=0.020)、学龄期女童1.095 (0.847～[1.416)] (P=0.490)、青春期女童1.260 (1.070～1.483)(P=0.005).在血脂紊乱儿童中,有家族史儿童占[43.8%,]肥胖儿童占15.8%,有家族史并肥胖儿童占8.2%,有家族史或肥胖儿童占51.3%.结论:家族史联合肥胖对于筛查儿童血脂紊乱有重要意义.     

Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey

OBJECTIVE: To examine overweight and obesity in Australian children followed through to adulthood. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort study of 8498 children aged 7-15 years who participated in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey; of these, 2208 men and 2363 women completed a follow-up questionnaire at age 24-34 years in 2001-2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height and weight were measured in 1985, and self-reported at follow-up. The accuracy of self-reported data was checked in 1185 participants. Overweight and obesity in childhood were defined according to international standard definitions for body mass index (BMI), and, in adulthood, as a BMI of 25-29.9 and > or =30 kg/m2, respectively, after correcting for self-report error. RESULTS: In those with baseline and follow-up data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood was 8.3% and 1.5% in boys and 9.7% and 1.4% in girls, respectively. At follow-up, the prevalence was 40.1% and 13.0% in men and 19.7% and 11.7% in women. The relative risk (RR) of becoming an obese adult was significantly greater for those who had been obese as children compared with those who had been a healthy weight (RR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0-7.2 for boys and RR = 9.2; 95% CI, 6.9-12.3 for girls). The proportion of adult obesity attributable to childhood obesity was 6.4% in males and 12.6% in females. CONCLUSION: Obesity in childhood was strongly predictive of obesity in early adulthood, but most obese young adults were a healthy weight as children.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions.

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents in two national samples, 10 years apart, using the new standard international definitions of the International Obesity Task Force Childhood Obesity Working Group. DESIGN: Body mass index (BMI) cut-off points defining overweight and obesity were applied to the individual BMI values in the two cross-sectional samples. SETTING: Australian community. PARTICIPANTS: 8,492 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years (Australian Health and Fitness Survey, 1985) and 2,962 children aged 2-18 years (National Nutrition Survey, 1995). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: In the 1985 sample, 9.3% of boys and 10.6% of girls were overweight and a further 1.7% [corrected] of boys and 1.6% [corrected] of girls were obese. In the 1995 sample, overall 15.0% of boys (varied with age from 10.4% to 20.0%) and 15.8% of girls (varied with age from 14.5% to 17.2%) were overweight, and a further 4.5% of boys (2.4%-6.8%) and 5.3% of girls (4.2%-6.3%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 1995 sample peaked at 12-15 years in boys and 7-11 years in girls. In schoolchildren aged 7-15 years, the rates represent a relative risk of overweight in 1995 compared with 1985 of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.59-2.00) and of obesity of 3.28 (95% CI, 2.51-4.29). Compared with previous estimates from these samples, the revised prevalence data are slightly higher for the 1985 data and considerably higher for the 1995 data. CONCLUSION: The secular trend of increasing overweight and obesity in the decade from 1985 and the high prevalence rates in Australian children and adolescents are a major public health concern.     

Report on Childhood Obesity in China （2） Verification of BMI Classification Reference for Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To verify Working Group for Obesity in China （WGOC） recommended body mass index （BMI） classification reference for overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents using the data of 2002 China Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey. Methods PediaWic metabolic syndrome （MetS） and abnormality of each risk factor for MetS were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. Definition of hyper-TC, LDL, and dyslipidemia in adults was applied as well. The average level and abnormality rate of the metabolic indicators were described by BMI percentiles and compared with general linear model analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to summarize the potential of BMI to discriminate between the presence and absence of the abnormality of these indicators. Results There was neither significantly increasing nor significantly decreasing trend of biochemical parameter levels in low BMI percentile range （〈65th）. Slight increasing trend from the 75th and a significant increase were found when BMI≥85th percentile. In general, the prevalence of the examined risk factors varied slightly when BMI percentile〈75th, and substantial increases were consistently seen when BMI percentile≥75th. As an indicator of hyper-TG, hypertension and MetS, the sensitivity and specificity were equal at the point of BMI〈75th percentile, and the Youden＇s index of risk factors also reached peak point before 75th percentile except for MetS. When the BMI percentile was used as the screening indicator of MetS, Youden＇s index reached peak point at 85th percentile, just the point in the ROC graph that was nearest to the upper left comer. Conclusion The BMI classification reference for overweight and obesity recommended by WGOC is rational to predict and prevent health risks in Chinese children and adolescents. Lower screening cut-off points, such as 83th percentile or 80th percentile, should not be excluded when they are considered as overweight criteria in future intervention or prevention studies.     

深圳市某小学青少年超重及肥胖现况调查分析

目的：了解深圳市儿童青少年超重、肥胖流行现状和影响因素,为青少年肥胖的预防提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法抽取深圳市某小学311名7～13岁青少年作为调查对象,通过问卷和体格检查资料,计算体重指数,利用中国肥胖问题工作组标准（WGOC标准）对不同性别和年龄段的体重指数、超重率和肥胖率进行分析。结果按WGOC标准分析,本次调查的青少年总体超重率为17.68%,肥胖率为9.32%。男生超重率为21.71%,肥胖率为12.00%;女生超重率为12.50%,肥胖率为5.88%。结论本次调查显示深圳市青少年总体超重和肥胖率较其他地区高,青少年的超重、肥胖现象男生比女生严重。不良的饮食习惯、缺乏运动和长时间静坐是主要的危险因素,学校、家长等有关方面应该对此引起注意并采取有效防治措施。     

2004年西安市11～17岁青少年超重和肥胖现状及其相关因素

目的 了解西安市11～17岁青少年超重和肥胖的现状及其相关因素.方法 通过多阶段整群抽样方法抽取西安市6城区30所中学1 804名学生（11～17岁）,测量其身高、体重并计算体质指数（BMI）,采用2000美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）低体重标准及中国肥胖工作组（WGOC）推荐的超重和肥胖判定标准计算低体重率、超重和肥胖率.出生体重、家庭住址、经济状况、家长学历、职业和身高、体重等信息通过家长填写问卷采集.结果 西安市青少年总超重肥胖率为17.4%（超重率11.2%、肥胖率6.2%）,其中男性总超重肥胖率为20.2%,女性为14.4%.低体重率为2.7%.多元logistic回归显示：性别、年龄、家庭居住地、家庭经济状况及父母体重与青少年超重和肥胖显著相关（P＜0.05）.经性别、年龄调整后,城区青少年超重和肥胖的风险是郊区的2.7倍（95%可信区间1.8～4.0）;家庭富裕青少年的超重和肥胖风险是不富裕家庭的1.6倍（95%可信区间1.04～2.5）;父母超重或肥胖的青少年超重肥胖发病风险是父母体重正常的1.8倍（95%可信区间1.3～2.5）.结论 超重和肥胖已经成为影响西安市青少年健康的一个主要公共卫生问题,多发于城区、经济富裕或父母肥胖的家庭,以男性居多.     

足月母乳喂养学龄前儿童超重肥胖与出生体重关系的性别差异

目的 探讨足月母乳喂养学龄前4 岁~5 岁儿童超重肥胖与出生体重之间的关系有无性别差异,为预防和减少儿童单纯性肥胖提供科学依据.方法 随机抽取扬泰地区60 所幼儿园4 000 名4 岁~5 岁足月母乳喂养学龄前儿童,采用1∶1 匹配的病例对照研究方法,对筛查出的645 名超重肥胖儿童和匹配的645 名正常体重儿童进行现场问卷调查,分析其出生体重与儿童肥胖关系有无性别差异.结果 无论是男童（OR=3.289,P=0.000） 还是女童（OR=2.622,P=0.000）,高出生体重是学龄前儿童肥胖发生的危险因素.对于男童（OR=3.229,P=0.002）而言,低出生体重是学龄前儿童超重、肥胖的危险因素;对于女童（OR=2.011,P=0.094）而言则不然.曲线拟合分析结果表明,男童BMI与出生体重之间呈现＂U＂形分布（P〈0.05）,女童BMI与出生体重之间呈现＂半U＂形分布（P〈0.05）.结论 出生体重与学龄前儿童超重肥胖之间的关系存在性别差异,在儿童肥胖的干预和预防工作中需要考虑到性别差异.     

中国9～11岁小学生体育锻炼、静态行为和超重与肥胖的关系

目的：研究全国9~11岁小学生体育锻炼、静态行为和超重与肥胖的关系,并探索是否存在性别差异以及各省的异质性,为预防和控制超重与肥胖提供科学依据。方法： 选取2010年全国学生体质健康调研资料中40 692名9~11岁汉族小学生,利用学生的身高、体重数据以及体育锻炼、视屏行为以及做家庭作业的时间数据,在不同性别的学生中分析体育锻炼、静态行为与超重与肥胖的关系,并采用Meta分析检验这些相关性在各省之间的异质性。结果： 男生的超重与肥胖检出率高于女生（分别为27.1%和12.9%）,城市学生的超重与肥胖检出率高于农村学生（分别为23.8%和15.6%）,学生超重与肥胖检出率在“好”、“中”、“差”3类经济片区中分别为22.6%,19.2%和17.5%。男生每天体育锻炼时间≤1 h的学生的超重与肥胖率高于每天体育锻炼时间>1 h的学生,OR值为1.09（95%CI：1.02, 1.17）。女生每天视屏行为时间＞1 h、每天做家庭作业的时间＞2 h是超重与肥胖的危险因素,OR值分别为1.13（95%CI：1.02, 1.26）、1.18（95%CI：1.03, 1.35）,女生每天静态行为时间＞135 min的学生超重与肥胖率较高,OR值为1.19（95%CI：1.08, 1.33）。男生每天体育锻炼时间≤1 h、女生每天静态行为时间＞135 min对超重与肥胖的OR值在各省之间的异质性差异均没有统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论：小学生体育锻炼、静态行为时间和超重与肥胖有关,其关联存在性别差异,没有发现各省之间的异质性,未来应该针对不同性别的特点开展肥胖防控工作。     

广州市7~14岁学龄儿童营养状况与贫血相关性分析

目的分析广州市学龄儿童的营养状况和贫血状况及两者之间的关系,为进一步探究中国城市儿童超重/肥胖与缺铁性贫血的关系提供初步的参考依据。方法随机整群抽取参加2013~2014年广州市学生体质健康检查的7~14岁学龄儿童,检测身高、体重和血红蛋白指标,依据身高体重指数(BMI)把学龄儿童的营养状况划分为消瘦、超重、体重正常和肥胖等四组。分析学龄儿童不同营养状况下的血红蛋白及贫血的分布规律,探讨消瘦、超重和肥胖等的营养状况与血红蛋白和贫血的关系。结果广州市区的3 187名7~14岁学龄儿童参与了本次调查,其消瘦、超重和肥胖率分别为6.3%、10.8%和8.0%。其中,男生超重和肥胖率明显高于女生(P值均0.01)。学龄儿童贫血率为2.2%,其中男生贫血率为2.3%,女生贫血率为2.2%,贫血率男女之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。学龄儿童的年龄与血红蛋白浓度均呈正相关关系(P0.01),并且消瘦者发生贫血的危险性较正常体重大(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.05~1.41,P0.05)。按性别分组后,男生BMI与血红蛋白浓度呈负相关关系(P0.01);与正常体重组比较,消瘦男生更易于发生贫血(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07~1.53,P0.01)。女生中不同营养状况与贫血则未见明显相关。结论广州市7~14岁学龄儿童中消瘦男生发生贫血的危险性较大,但超重、肥胖与贫血之间未见明显相关性;而女生营养状况与贫血之间未见明显相关。