碳／碳复合材料新基体—聚芳基乙炔研究：I.芳基乙炔的合成与表征

用溴化－脱溴化氢一步法合制备二乙炔基苯，研究碱，催化剂，反应温度及反应时间等因素对产率的影响，结果表明，以聚乙二醇－４００为相转移催化剂，二乙炔基苯的产率达６８．６％，用气相色谱，红外光谱，核磁共振和质谱对产物进行了分析表征。     

聚(间乙炔基-甲基氢苯基硅烷)树脂的合成及其耐热性能

以二氯甲基硅烷和间二乙炔基苯为原料,通过有机镁格氏试剂与卤代硅烷的缩合反应,合成得到了一种新结构的聚(间乙炔基 甲基氢苯基硅烷)树脂（PCS）。采用FT-IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR和GPC对树脂的结构进行了表征,采用DSC和TGA对树脂的固化反应和热稳定性能进行了研究。结果表明：PCS树脂在 160 °C及 240 °C处有固化反应放热峰;其固化产物具有优异的耐热及耐热氧化性能,在氮气与空气氛围下质量损失5%的温度（Td5）分别为644、595 °C,而1 000 °C的质量保留率分别为 89.0%、57.9%。     

碳/碳复合材料新基体—聚芳基乙炔研究Ⅰ.芳基乙炔的合成与表征

用溴化—脱溴化氢一步法制备二乙炔基苯，研究碱、催化剂、反应温度及反应时间等因素对产率的影响。结果表明，以聚乙二醇－４００为相转移催化剂，二乙炔基苯的产率达６８．６％。用气相色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱对产物进行了分析表征。     

芳基乙炔聚合物热分解动力学研究

利用ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ方法研究了聚（ｐ－ＤＥＢ）在氮气和空气气氛中的热分解过程和动力学。实验发现,在氮气中其热分解反应为一步反应,热分解速率较低,热分解４温度随升温速率β的增加而线性增加,在７３０℃下残碳率高达８７％;而在空气中其热分解反应则由多步组成,热分解速率较快,热分解温度低,升温速率对热分解温度影响不大,在６００℃下聚合物已完全分解。在氦气和空气中聚合物的热分解反应均为一级速率对热分解温度不大,     

改性甲基二苯乙炔基硅烷的固化及其复合材料

制备了双（N-间乙炔基苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺）醚（BE）改性甲基二苯乙炔基硅烷（MDPES）（BE／MDPES）。研究表明，选择BE／MDPES的固化温度时，必须同时考虑网络的形成反应和BE中醚键的断裂反应。当最终固化温度控制在300℃时，mBE／mMDPES=4／5的玻璃纤维复合材料的弯曲强度高达275MPa，235℃时的高温弯曲强度为241MPa，保留率达88．5％，且优异的耐热性能与介电性能保持不变。     

侧链对聚对苯撑乙炔溶解性和光谱性能的影响

利用钯催化反应合成了一类侧链含不同烷氧取代基(甲氧基，辛烷氧基，十二烷氧基)的聚时苯撑乙炔，讨论了侧链烷氧取代基对聚对苯撑乙炔的分子量和溶解性的影响，比较了聚合物的紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱特征。     

聚(2-甲氧基-5-壬氧基)对苯乙炔的合成及其电致发光性质

以对甲氧基苯酚和溴代正壬烷为原料，通过醚化、氯甲基化和脱氯化氢反应得到可溶性的聚（２－甲氧基－５－壬氧基）对苯乙炔，以其为发光层装配了聚合物单层电致发光器件，研究了它的电致发光和光致发光性质；电致发光器件具有良好的稳定性，其起亮电压为７Ｖ。聚合物的结构由ＩＲ、＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ及ＵＶ／Ｖｉｓ光谱得到确认。     

乙炔基封端氢化超支化聚碳硅烷的合成、表征及性能

以氯甲基三氯硅烷（Cl₃SiCH₂Cl）和乙炔基溴化镁（HC≡CMgBr）为原料,经过Grignard偶合反应和还原反应制备得到乙炔基封端的氢化超支化聚碳硅烷（EHBP）。通过红外光谱、核磁共振（碳谱、氢谱、硅谱）、差示扫描量热、流变分析和热重分析等方法研究了EHBP聚合物的结构、固化行为以及热性能;采用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和高倍透射电镜分析了EHBP聚合物的陶瓷化过程。结果表明,在分子链末端引入Si-H和乙炔基,使EHBP聚合物具有优良的耐热性和耐热氧化性。氮气氛围下EHBP失重5%时的温度（T_d5）为578.8℃,1 000℃时的质量保留率为82.3%;空气氛围下T_d5为549.6℃,1 000℃时的质量保留率为69.2%。1 600℃下EHBP的裂解产物中存在α-SiC和β-SiC晶体,结晶完善,晶粒分布均匀,晶粒尺寸为15~20 nm。     

热塑性聚醚酰亚胺改性四官能度环氧树脂的相分离研究Ⅳ.聚醚酰亚胺用量的影响

研究了不同用量新型苯端基聚醚酰亚胺（Ｐ－ＰＥＩ）对其改性４，４’－二氨基二苯甲烷四缩水甘油醚环氧树脂（ＴＧＤＤＭ）／４，４’－二氨基二苯砜（ＤＤＳ）体系的固化速率及相结构的影响。结果表明，随着ＰＥＩ用量的增加，固化反应速率增大，形成了不同的相结构。解释了ＰＥＩ用量对粘接剪切强度的影响。     

双（N-间乙炔基苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺）醚改性苯乙炔基硅氧硼烷

用双（N-间乙炔基苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺）醚（DAIE）改性苯乙炔基硅氧硼烷（PESB）制得复合材料基体树脂(PESBDAIE)。通过FT-IR、DSC和TG研究了PESBDAIE的固化反应及耐热性。将PESBDAIE与纤维复合制得复合材料,研究了该材料的耐热性、弯曲强度及断面形貌。研究结果表明,固化物在氮气气氛下质量损失5%时的温度(T5%)为576 °C,空气气氛下T5%为507 °C。复合材料在500 °C下放置10 min后质量保留率为97.0%,弯曲强度为176 MPa。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.