某院住院药房药品盘点数据分析与讨论

目的提高药品盘点数据的准确率,搞好药品管理。方法抽取广西壮族自治区龙潭医院住院药房2009年3月至2010年12月的药品盘点数据,从账物相符率、药品库存误差率等方面对药品盘点数据进行统计分析。结果找出账物不符原因及其解决方法,提高帐物相符率。结论加强药品盘点工作,规范药品管理,促进帐物相符。     

加强药房药品有效期和数量的管理方法研究

目的:研究有效管理药房药品有效期和数量的方法。资料:选取2007～2012年我院药房药品有效期和数量管理资料。方法:2010～2012年药房工作流程信息化管理方法引入与2007～2009年全线人工管理的盘点效率及盘点误差率、药物报废率、药品账物相符率的比较。结果:信息化管理的引入使药品请领计划更加合理,库存药物管理中有效期、近效期及拆零发放药品的管理更加科学,盘点时间减少了2小时,盘点误差率从0.04%降至0.02%,药物报废由7301元降至4563元,药品账物相符率由80%提高至98%。结论:信息化管理保证了药房药品有效期内的合理使用,保证药品数量请领符合临床使用规律,提高了药品账物相符率。     

浅谈药品实库存管理模式在门诊药房管理的必要性

目的:探究在门诊药房管理中药品实库存管理模式的使用情况.方法:将20名药房工作人员随机分配为实库存管理组和常规组各10名.实库存管理组采用药品实库存管理模式,常规组采取常规管理模式,比较两组账物相符率、复审准确率、平均盘点时间和误差率.结果:实库存管理组账物相符率、复审准确率高于常规组,平均盘点时间和误差率低于常规组(...     

我院药品进销存系统的应用及相关药品管理措施改进探讨

目的:提高门诊药房药品账物相符率,促进药品管理水平的提高。方法:介绍我院的药品进销存系统,同时分析引起药品账物不符的原因,采取有效措施加强相关药品管理。通过统计我院门诊药房2011年4～10月的药品月盘点的进、销、存数据总结系统应用及措施改进后的效果。结果:采取了完善各项制度、账物同步、加强药品拆零管理、改进盘点方法等措施加强相关的药品管理;门诊药房2011年4月、10月药品帐物相符率分别为60.25%、65.53%,其中儿科和妇科药房的盘点准确率分别升高6.52%、5.51%。结论:通过药品进销存系统应用以及一系列药品账目优化管理措施的实施,提高了药品账物相符率及药品管理水平。     

PDCA循环在提高药品盘点帐物相符率中的应用分析

为探讨PDCA循环管理法提高药品盘点帐物相符率的效果.由药学部门负责人、各部门组长及药品会计组成管理小组,按照PDCA循环,即通过质量管理计划的制订、实施、检查及处置,提高各药房药品使用的管理,并对2014年7月至2015年6月的药品盘点帐物相符率进行统计分析.通过开展PDCA循环,门诊药房、分院门诊药房的帐物相符率分别由83.62％、86.87％上升至91.18％和92.51％,差异均有显著的统计学意义(P＜0.01);分院专科药房由91.23％上升至95.23％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而住院药房由92.43％上升至93.98％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PDCA循环管理法,有利于及时发现医院药品管理中存在的问题,完善药品管理制度,及时解决药品、人为及信息系统等方面的问题,显著提升药品盘点帐物相符率.     

医院病房药房药品数量化管理模式的探讨

目的加强药品规范化管理,使药品管理符合财务要求,提高药品账物相符率。方法利用医院信息系统对病房药房药品进行数量化管理,评价药品账物相符率、盘点效率、盘点误差率等指标,对比数量化管理前后这些指标的变化情况。结果数量化管理后药品的账物核算得到简化,盘点效率提高了1倍,盘点花费时间由原来3-4 h缩短为1.5-2 h,药品账物相符率从72%提高到96%,盘点误差率从0.05%下降到0.04%。结论实施药品数量化管理,使药品管理模式发生了＂质＂的转变,为全面提升药学服务质量,规范药品管理提供了有利条件。     

通过加强药房管理降低我院中心药房盘点帐物不符率

目的：分析我院中心药房盘点帐物不符的原因,提出整改措施,降低盘点帐物不符率。方法：收集中心药房2015年第一季度盘点原始数据,从药品流通和盘点的各个环节查找原因。结果：通过加强药房管理,中心药房的盘点帐物不符率明显降低。结论：加强药房管理能降低我院中心药房盘点帐物不符率。     

药品实库存管理模式在门诊药房中的作用

目的：探讨药品实库存管理模式在门诊药房中的作用。方法利用医院信息系统（ HIS）,实行药品实库存管理,对比管理前后在工作效率、药品周转率、盘点误差率以及账物相符率等方面的差异。结果实施实库存管理模式后,药房的工作效率、药品周转率、账物相符率等均明显改善。结论利用 HIS 实施药品实库存管理可全面提升药房管理质量,有助于药房管理规范化的实施。     

把握好药品运行环节，做好药品实库存管理

科学严格的管理是提高药品帐物相符率的前提和重要手段。药品实库存管理既为现代药房管理带来了新的挑战，同时也促进了药房管理水平不断提高。本文对药房管理中药品的领退、基数药的管理、调剂差错管理、盘点管理等几个方面进行了阐述。     

医院药房计算机管理帐物经验探讨

目的总结提高医院药房计算机管理账物相符率的经验。方法从药房盘点帐物符合率结果和药品流通管理的各个环节进行分析,找寻影响因素。结果针对账物不符原因提出解决措施,改进帐物管理模式,提高了药品管理的质量。结论通过完善工作制度,加强对药品流通管理,可显著提高药房计算机管理的账物相符率。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.