2型糖尿病患者体位性低血压的临床因素分析

目的 研究2型糖尿病患者体位性低血压的临床因素.方法 分析168例2型糖尿病患者静息状态下以及站立后1~10 min内的每分钟血压.结果 体位性低血压组与非体位性低血压组两组比较,前者年龄较大、卧位收缩压较高、糖化血红蛋白水平较高、合并高血压的比率较高;Logistic回归分析提示体位性低血压的发生与年龄、卧位收缩压、糖化血红蛋白水平、合并高血压病独立正相关.结论 合并高血压病的2型糖尿病患者应加强血压、血糖的管理,减少体位性低血压的发生.     

糖尿病体位性低血压与肾上腺素的关系

本文糖尿病伴直立性低血压(OH)组尿儿茶酚胺(CA)低于无OH组(P<0.02),但将17例OH患者CA水平与正常对照比较,发现有7例、6例和4例分别为降低、正常和增高,三组间CA差异显著(P<0.001)。说明除低肾上腺素型OH外,尚有正常和高肾上腺素型。本组患者卧立位收缩压差与尿蛋白呈等级相关(r_s=0.495,P<0.005);4例OH患者用麻黄素后。CA和心率增高(P<0.05)而血压无明显变化。提示肾损害和血管对CA反应不良参与部分糖尿病性OH的发病。     

体位性低血压的两种分型

体位性低血压是老年人中常见的体征,也是心脑血管疾病和跌倒的独立危险因素,并增加全因死亡率。目前在研究体位性低血压时,越来越多采用连续无创血压测量设备,且常结合直立倾斜试验,并根据血流动力学参数进行分型。本综述将重点介绍公认的两种分型,即形态学分型及生理学分型。     

老年高血压患者体位性低血压影响因素分析

目的:分析老年高血压患者体位性低血压(OH)的影响因素。方法:病例对照研究,入选65岁及以上因高血压住院的老年患者224例,对其进行卧位和站立位0 min、1 min、2 min和3 min的血压测量。OH定义为直立3 min内收缩压下降≥20 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)和(或)舒张压下降≥10 mm...     

糖尿病伴体位性低血压15例临床分析

糖尿病自主神经病变（DAN）是糖尿病常见的并发症之一。DAN起病隐匿,临床表现复杂,包括静息心动过速,不能耐受活动,体位性低血压,便秘,胃轻瘫,勃起功能障碍,出汗异常等,一旦发现多为不可逆,严重影响患者生活质量。其中相对少见的体位性低血压易被漏诊,误诊。此时若患者正在使用降压药治疗,可使立位血压显著下降,严重者引起死亡。因此对此疾患早期诊治非常重要。现将我院2005年6月至2009年6月收治的糖尿病伴体位性低血压15例患者进行临床分析,报告如下.     

如何治疗体位性低血压？

我是一名糖尿病患者,血压不高,但患有体位性低血压已多年,我应该如何治疗体位性低血压？     

问：何谓体位性低血压？

答：体位性低血压，又称直立性低血压。诊断标准是体位变换为直立后3min内SBP下降幅度大于20mmHg，或DBP下降幅度大于10mmHg。体位性低血压可见于各年龄段，常见于老年患者，特别是同时服用多种降压药的老年患者。体位性低血压可由多种原因造成，血压调节过程中任何环节障碍，均可能造成体位性低血压，最常见的原因是自主神经调节障碍。     

老年人体位性低血压的诊治进展

<正>体位性低血压(OH)是老年人常见问题之一,但起病隐匿,不被关注。随着人口老龄化加剧,高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中、心肌梗死疾病的增多,老年人OH的发生呈增多趋势,且容易误诊、漏诊,若不能做出正确的诊断以指导进一步治疗,患者将面临非必要的检验、检查,增加经济费用,影响生活质量。1 OH的发病机制当患者由卧位到立位时,机体的大部分血液积聚于内脏与下肢部位,引起回心血量减少,心输出量降低,导致血压下降。     

老年高血压病患者体位性低血压发生及影响因素分析

为了解老年高血压病患者服用降压药后体位性低血压发生情况及影响因素 ,我们对 82例老年高血压患者服用降压药后 1.5 h及 4 h分别进行了卧立位血压及心率的测量 ,观察其血压变化情况。1　对象及方法1.1　 对象　老年高血压患者 82例 ,男 6 0例 ,女 2 2例 ,年龄 6 0～ 85岁 (平均 71.6± 5 .4岁 )。按“中国高血压防治指南”中诊断标准诊断并进行 3级分级。对照组 37例 ,男 16例 ,女 2 1例。年龄 6 0～ 78岁 (平均 6 8.1± 5 .0岁 ) ,无高血压、糖尿病病史。1.2 　 方法1.2 .1　 分组　按年龄分为≤ 70岁、≥ 70岁两组 ;按疾病分为糖尿病及非…     

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Aspirin Resistance in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Background

Aspirin resistance in patients with diabetes is recognized. However, the prevalence and related risk factors for aspirin resistance in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes have not been reported, which is why we undertook this study.

Methods

One hundred and forty elderly patients (age, 73.84 ± 8.02 years) with Type 2 diabetes receiving daily aspirin therapy (≥75 mg) over 1 month were recruited. Platelet aggregation was measured by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and thrombelastography (TEG) platelet mapping assay. The definitions of aspirin resistance were 20% or greater arachidonic acid-induced and 70% or greater adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation by LTA. Aspirin semiresponders were defined as meeting one (but not both) of these criteria. Aspirin resistance by TEG was defined as 50% or greater aggregation induced by arachidonic acid.

Results

By LTA, 6 (4.3%) patients with Type 2 diabetes were found to be resistant to aspirin therapy; 44 (31.4%) patients were semiresponders. By TEG, 31 patients (22.1%) were aspirin resistant. Of the 31 patients who were aspirin-resistant by TEG, 3 were aspirin-resistant by LTA. Eight of 44 semiresponders by LTA were aspirin-resistant by TEG. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, being female (odds ratio: 5.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–27.47, p = 0.036) and homocysteine levels (odds ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.31, p = 0.043) were significant risk factors for aspirin resistance by TEG.

Conclusion

The prevalence of aspirin resistance in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes was considerably higher in female patients and in patients with higher serum levels of homocysteine.     

Risk Factors for Early Failure of Arteriovenous Vascular Access Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The aim of the study was to identify the potential risk factors for early arteriovenous access failure in a diabetic population. The data of 223 end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with type 2 diabetes who had an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG) placed as their initial vascular accesses were retrospectively reviewed. The association between clinical factors and risk for early failure was then analyzed. In multivariate analysis, the predictors associated with early failure were female gender (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.52 (1.32–4.81); P = 0.005), AVF with prior peritoneal dialysis (3.26 (1.05‐10.11); P = 0.039), and lower hemoglobin level (P = 0.015). The results of significant predictors in the AVF group remained similar to the entire study population. In conclusion, there was an association of female gender, AVF with prior peritoneal dialysis and lower hemoglobin level with early arteriovenous access failure in a diabetic ESRD population.     

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increase the Risks of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Taiwan Diabetes Study

This study aimed to examine whether poor glycemic control, measured by glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and other cardiovascular risk factors, can predict diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Patients aged ≥30 years with type 2 DM, enrolled in the National Diabetes Care Management Program, and free of DPN (n = 37,375) in the period 2002 to 2004 were included and followed up until 2011. The related factors were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.For an average follow-up of 7.00 years, 8379 cases of DPN were identified, with a crude incidence rate of 32.04/1000 person-years. After multivariate adjustment, patients with HbA1c levels 7 to 8%, 8 to 9%, 9 to 10%, and ≥10% exhibited higher risk of DPN (adjusted HR: 1.11 [1.04–1.20], 1.30 [1.21–1.40], 1.32 [1.22–1.43], and 1.62 [1.51–1.74], respectively) compared with patients with HbA1c level 6 to 7%. There was a significant linear trend in DPN incidence with increasing HbA1c (P < 0.001) and significant HRs of DPN for patients with HbA1c level ≥7%, blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides (TG) ≥150 mg/dL, high density of lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL in males and <50 mg/dL in females, low density of lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥100 mg/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m².Patients with type 2 DM and HbA1c ≥7.0% exhibit increased risk of DPN, demonstrating a linear relationship. The incidence of DPN is also associated with poor glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, hyper-triglyceridemia, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, and decreased eGFR.     

Diabetes Mellitus in Egypt: Risk Factors and Prevalence

Major sociodemographic changes have occurred in Egypt to promote the development of noncommunicable diseases. We have performed a cross-sectional, population-based survey of persons ≥ 20 years of age in Cairo and surrounding rural villages to describe the prevalence of diabetes risk factors, diagnosed diabetes, previously undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance by age, sex, rural and urban residence, and socioeconomic status (SES). In the survey, we identified 6052 eligible households: 76% of household respondents completed a household examination and 72% of selected household respondents subsequently completed a medical examination. Exercise was assessed by questionnaire; adiposity by measurement of height, weight, and girths; and diabetes by history and 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. In rural areas, 52% of persons ≥ 20 years of age were sedentary, 16% were obese, and 4.9% had diabetes. In lower SES urban areas, 73% were sedentary, 37% were obese, and 13.5% had diabetes. In higher SES urban areas, 89% were sedentary, 49% were obese, and 20% had diabetes. The combined prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes in the Egyptian population ≥ 20 years of age was estimated to be 9.3%. Approximately half the diabetes was diagnosed and the other half was previously undiagnosed. The prevalence of diabetes in Egypt is high, and the gradient in risk factors and disease from rural to urban areas and in urban areas from lower to higher SES suggest that diabetes is a major, emerging clinical and public health problem in Egypt.     

2型糖尿病患者慢性并发症的患病率及相关因素分析

<正>糖尿病是一组呈全球流行趋势的慢性代谢性疾病。随着经济的发展和人民生活方式的改变以及人口老龄化,糖尿病患病率逐年增加是全球范围内的共同趋势。美国国家糖尿病委员会报道糖尿病病人患     

老年2型糖尿病患者轻度认知功能障碍及危险因素研究

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2-DM)患者轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的特点及相关危险因素分析。方法选取智能精神状态检查量表筛查>25分者,其中单纯T2-DM老年患者(DM组)62例,年龄、性别和教育程度相匹配的健康体检者(N组)35例。选用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表作为认知功能的测评工具。检测入选病例的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(PBG)及血脂水平。结果 DM组与N组相比,HbA1c、FBG、PBG、三酰甘油(TG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著降低(P<0.01)。DM组的MoCA总分明显低于N组(P<0.01)。DM组MoCA评分与HbA1c、PBG、TG、年龄、受教育年限及LDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.40、-0.37、-0.34、-0.32、-0.29、-0.26,P<0.01或P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示,HbA1c是影响MoCA评分的风险因素。结论老年T2-DM患者认知功能减退,血糖控制不良、血脂紊乱、年龄和受教育程度等因素与MCI相关。