糖耐量减低患者纤溶受抑的临床观察

目的探讨糖耐量减低(IGT)及IGT合并急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者纤溶受抑状态。方法97例患者随机分成3组,IGT组33例,IGT+ACS组32例,ACS组32例;正常对照组20例。检测血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA),纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)及D-二聚体的水平,并计算出PAI-1/D-二聚体的比值。结果IGT组、IGT+ACS组和ACS组血浆t-PA、PAI-1和D-二聚体浓度均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);IGT组和IGT+ACS组血浆D-二聚体水平增高幅度则显著低于ACS组(P<0.05,P<0.01);IGT组和IGT+ACS组的PAI-1/D-二聚体比值分别比正常对照组及ACS组明显增高(P<0.01)。结论IGT患者存在纤溶受抑状态,血浆D-二聚体的水平结合PAI-1/D-二聚体比值能反映患者纤溶受抑的状态及预后。     

急性脑梗死患者血栓前状态特异性综合诊断指标探讨

目的 对急性脑梗死患者血栓前状态实验室诊断指标进行探讨。方法 收集120例急性脑梗死患者发病24h内及60例健康对照者的血浆，用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法（ELISA）检测血浆D-二聚体、血管性血友病因子（vWF）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI—1）含量；用发色底物法检测蛋白C（PC）活性、抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）活性；并予以组间比较。结果 急性脑梗死患者血栓前状态血浆D-二聚体、vWF含量明显增高；PC、AT-Ⅲ活性明显减低；t-PA含量减低，PAI-1含量增高；与健康对照组比较差异均有显著性（均P〈0．01）。结论 急性脑梗死患者血栓前状态存在着明显的高凝状态，可将其分子标志物血浆D-二聚体、vWF、PC、AT-Ⅲ、t-PA、PAI-1的检测，作为急性脑梗死患者血栓前状态特异而敏感的诊断指标，为临床早期诊断、早期治疗提供可靠依据。     

急性心肌梗死患者血栓前状态特异性综合诊断指标的临床意义

急性心肌梗死是临床常见病,也是造成目前人类死亡疾病中名列前茅的三大疾病之一,是最常见的血栓栓塞性疾病之一.在其发生前存在着不同程度的血栓前状态,它是止血、凝血、抗凝和纤溶系统失调的十分复杂的病理过程.患者冠状动脉血管有血栓形成,其形成机制十分复杂.本研究通过对80例急性心肌梗死患者发病24小时内及60例健康对照组血浆D二聚体、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)含量及抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性(AT-Ⅲ)的检测,来探讨这些指标对急性心肌梗死患者血栓前状态的诊断价值.     

血浆t-PA与PAI-1与血流变测定对诊断急性脑梗死的意义

目的研究急性脑梗死患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-I(PAI-1)的水平及意义。方法应用ELISA法测定急性脑梗死患者血浆t-PA和PAI-1的水平,常规方法测定血流动力学指标。结果①脑梗死患者急性期血浆t-PA含量明显低于对照组(P0.01),而PAI-1则明显高于对照组(P0.01),恢复期PAI-1水平趋于正常,而t-PA水平与对照组比较仍存在一定差异(P0.05)。②t-PA和PAI-1的水平与多项血流变指标相关。结论急性脑死塞患者存在不同程度的凝血纤溶系统失平衡,并与血流动力学指标异常密切相关。     

D-二聚体在颅内静脉窦血栓形成中的临床意义

目的 检测颅内静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)患者的血浆D-二聚体水平,并探讨其临床意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测20例CVST患者血浆D-二聚体含量,并与正常对照组比较.结果 CVST患者血浆D-二聚体水平明显增高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；CVST组80％患者血浆D-二聚体水平＞0.5 mg/L,即阳性.结论 血浆D-二聚体可以反映颅内静脉窦血栓形成后继发的纤溶亢进,可能会成为CVST患者有意义的实验室检测指标.     

急性脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸及凝血纤溶相关指标的检验分析

目的分析急性脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及凝血纤溶相关指标,以期对急性脑梗死疾病的诊疗提供借鉴。方法选取2012年4月至2014年6月入住该院脑梗死患者为研究对象,将急性脑梗死患组和非急性脑梗死患组按1∶1配对,测量两组患者的Hcy及凝血纤溶相关指标。结果非急性脑梗死组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、D-二聚体、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)水平明显低于急性脑梗死组;非急性脑梗死组国际标准化比值(INR)、明显高于急性脑梗死组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);急性脑梗死组经治疗后,进展组Hcy、D-二聚体、t-PA、PAI-1明显高于非进展组;进展组国际标准化比值(INR)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)明显低于非进展组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);预后良好组D-二聚体、tPA、PAI-1明显低于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论检测Hcy及凝血纤溶相关指标水平可有效判断急性脑梗死患者病情、预后和进展,D-二聚体水平与患者的预后相关。     

心绞痛患者介入术后血小板活化及纤溶功能的变化

目的 研究冠心病不稳定心绞痛患者经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）和冠状动脉内支架术（stent)后外周循环中血小板活化及纤溶功能的变化。方法 由外周静脉采血，采用ELISA检测PTCA和stent术前后血浆血小板表面α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140），血管性假血友病因子（VWF），组织纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA)，纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1（PAI-1），D-二聚体（D-D）的含量。结果 31例不稳定型心绞痛患者PTCA术后10min血浆血小板膜表面GMP-140及D-二聚体明显增高。术后24h虽明显下降，但血小板膜表面GMP-140尚未降至正常，PAI-1术后24h亦明显增高。结论 冠心病不稳定型迟缓绞痛患者PTCA和stent术后确有血小板活化和纤溶活性受损。     

老年人院内重症感染时凝血及纤溶指标的变化

目的了解老年人院内重症感染患者凝血和纤溶指标的变化,从而为临床预防性应用抗凝药物提供理论依据。方法对46例老年院内重症感染患者进行血管性血友病因子(vWF),P选择素(GMP-140),抗凝血酶(AT)活性,D-二聚体, 组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA),纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)等多项指标进行检测,并与老年非感染患者比较。结果老年院内重症感染患者vWF、GMP-140、D-二聚体、PAI-1明显高于非感染患者,而AT、t-PA低于非感染患者。结论老年院内重症感染患者血液处于高凝状态,易于形成DIC或血栓,使病情恶化。因此,对其预防应用抗凝药物将有利于疾病的恢复。     

心肌梗死患者介入术前后血小板活化及纤溶功能的变化

目的 观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者冠状动脉介入术后外周循环血中血小板活化及凝血-纤溶功能的变化。方法 采用ELISA检测PTCA和冠状动脉内支架术前后血小板表面α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140），血管性假血友病因子（vWF)，组织纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA)，纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1（PAI-1），D-二聚体（D-D）的含量。结果 35例急性心肌梗死患者PTCA术后10分钟，GMP-140，tPA和vWF明显增高，术后24小时vWF仍显著增高，结论 AMI患者介入术后血小板活化和纤溶功能均出现改变。     

冠心病临床表型与凝血纤溶指标的关系

目的观察不同临床表型冠心病患者血清纤维蛋白原水平和血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性及血浆D-二聚体水平变化分析其意义。方法选择2001—07／2004—04沈阳医学院沈洲医院心五科收治的急性心肌梗死患者28例；不稳定型心绞痛患者24例，稳定型心绞痛患者30例。选择同期辽宁省血液中心沈阳中心血站体检健康献血者20名为对照组。用发色底物法测定各组对象血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性，反映人体纤溶功能；用酶联免疫吸附双抗夹心法测定血浆D-二聚体水平，用凝固法测定血清纤维蛋白原水平，反映机体血液是否处于高凝状态。结果急性心肌梗死患者28例、不稳定型心绞痛患者24例、稳定型心绞痛患者30例、健康人20名均进入结果分析。①血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性：急性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛患者均明显低于稳定型心绞痛和对照组(t=2．88～3．41．P&;lt;0．01)。②血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性：急性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛患者均明显高于稳定型心绞痛和对照组(t=23．65～28．54，P&;lt;0．01)。③血浆D-二聚体水平：急性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛患者均明显高于稳定型心绞痛与对照组(t=4．24～35．01，P&;lt;0．01)。④血清纤维蛋白原水平：急性心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛患者均明显高于稳定型心绞痛和对照组(t=2．96～8．01，P&;lt;0．01)。结论组织型纤溶酶原激活物、组织型纤溶酶原激活物、血清纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体的测定有助于了解冠心病患者的病情变化和判断预后。     

脑梗死患者止凝血系统功能改变的研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者治疗前后D-二聚体（D-Dimer）、抗凝血酶活性（AT1A）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）及血管性血友病因子（vWF）的变化趋势,评估上述指标在脑梗死治疗监测中的临床价值。方法采用SYSMEXCA7000型血液凝固仪测定血浆D-Dimer、tPA、PAI-1和AT1A;采用ELISA法测定vWF。结果与健康对照组比较,脑梗死患者组治疗前D-Dimer、PAI-1、vWF显著增高（P〈0．01）,t-PA显著降低（P〈0．01）,AT：A无显著性改变（P〉0．05）。脑梗死患者治疗后血浆D-Dimer、PAI-1、vWF较治疗前显著降低（P〈0．01）,tPA显著增高（P〈0．01）,AT：A在治疗前后无明显改变（P〉0．05）;GCS〉8分组和GCS≤8分组血浆胁Dimer、PAI-1、vWF明显下降（P〈0．01）,t-PA显著增高（P〈0．01）,而AT：A无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论纤溶系统指标和vWF在脑梗死患者治疗前后发生显著改变且与病程发展相关。     

慢性心力衰竭患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1含量变化及其临床意义

目的　研究慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1(PAI 1)含量的变化及其临床意义。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测 6 0例CHF患者 (CHF组 )和 2 0例健康体检者 (正常对照组 )血浆t PA及PAI 1抗原含量。结果　CHF组血浆t PA和PAI 1平均含量都明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。CHF患者血浆PAI 1含量增高随心功能恶化而愈加明显。结论　CHF患者纤溶功能明显下降 ,可用血浆t PA、PAI 1含量作为判断病情的参考指标之一。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1、TM及GMP-140的变化及意义

目的 :探讨血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t -PA)及其抑制物 (PAI -1)、血栓调节蛋白 (TM )和血小板α颗粒膜蛋白 -14 0 (GMP -14 0 )在急性脑梗死发病中的意义。方法 :对 5 7例急性脑梗死患者进行血浆t -PA、PAI -1、TM及GMP -14 0的检测 ,并与对照组进行比较。结果 :急性脑梗死患者较正常对照组t -PA水平明显降低 ,PAI -1、TM及GMP -14 0水平明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :急性期脑梗死患者内皮细胞损伤、血小板活化及纤溶活性的变化可能参与了疾病的发生发展过程 ,为脑梗死的治疗提供了理论依据     

静脉低剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的临床对照研究

目的研究和分析静脉低剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)治疗短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的临床效果。方法选取86例TIA患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方式将其分为观察组41例(应用低剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗联合阿司匹林抗血小板治疗)和对照组45例(应用阿司匹林抗血小板治疗)。比较2组患者入院时、治疗第1、3、7、14天时组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平。比较2组患者治疗各时段的TIA控制率,对2组患者进行为期1年的随访,比较患者转为急性脑梗死的比例。结果治疗第1、3天,观察组患者的血浆t-PA水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在治疗前、后各时点,2组患者的血浆PAI-1水平的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者各时段TIA控制率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组和对照组分别有2例和4例患者于随访期内转为急性脑梗死,2组患者转为急性脑梗死比例的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在阿司匹林抗血小板治疗的基础上采用静脉滴注低剂量rt-PA进行溶栓治疗,能够提高TIA初期患者的血浆t-PA水平,有助于降低血栓形成风险,但对于患者的血浆PAI-1水平、近期疗效和远期预后的作用并不显著。     

Relationship between fibrinolytic and metabolic variables: a study in patients attending a lipid clinic

We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of metabolic and fibrinolytic variables in 163 fasted patients attending a lipid clinic. Of these patients, 118 had hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and 45 had normotriglyceridaemia (NTG). In HTG, basal fibrinolytic activity, ie tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, was impaired as a result of high plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified insulin and triglyceride levels as independent determinants of plasma PAI-1 levels (R2 = 0.18; P = 0.0001). When the patients were stratified into tertiles according to their levels of triglyceride and insulin, PAI-1 antigen levels were found to increase with rising levels of triglyceride in each insulin tertile. In contrast, the increase of PAI-1 with rising insulin levels was evident in the highest triglyceride tertile. In addition, subjects in the lowest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the lowest PAI-1 antigen levels, and subjects in the highest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the highest levels of PAI-1. Both basal and stimulated levels of t-PA antigen were significantly higher in HTG than in NTG. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified triglyceride level as the sole major determinant of t-PA antigen levels (R2 = 0.13; P = 0.00003). The observation that both insulin and triglycerides correlate with PAI-1, whereas triglycerides were involved only in the increased secretion of t-PA, suggests that these two proteins are regulated by different mechanisms.     

The hyperfibrinolytic state of liver cirrhosis: possible pathogenetic role of ascites

We evaluated coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters in both plasma and ascitic fluid of 39 patients with ascites secondary to liver cirrhosis and in 14 cirrhotic patients without ascites, in order to verify if the peritoneal compartment could be involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperfibrinolytic state of the disease. An activation of fibrinolysis, as suggested by increased levels of FDP, D-dimer and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was demonstrated in both ascitic fluid and to a lesser extent in plasma. A positive correlation was also observed between plasma and ascitic fluid plasminogen, antiplasmin and fibrinogen, while a negative correlation was found between plasma and ascitic fluid plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Moreover, plasma PAI-1 was significantly lower in patients with ascites than in those without ascites and among ascitic patients in those who had bleeding into soft tissues when compared to those who did not present haemorrhagic events. Finally, a significant association was also shown between positivity for plasma D-dimer (> 200 ng/ml) and the presence of ascites. Taken together, our data suggest an exchange of some coagulation and fibrinolytic proteins between plasma and ascitic fluid and point out the key role of PAI-1 in regulating plasma fibrinolytic potential and in bleeding complications in cirrhotic patients.     

Relationship between fibrinolytic and metabolic variables: a study in patients attending a lipid clinic

We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of metabolic and fibrinolytic variables in 163 fasted patients attending a lipid clinic. Of these patients, 118 had hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and 45 had normotriglyceridaemia (NTG). In HTG, basal fibrinolytic activity, ie tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, was impaired as a result of high plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified insulin and triglyceride levels as independent determinants of plasma PAI-1 levels (R² = 0.18; P = 0.0001). When the patients were stratified into tertiles according to their levels of triglyceride and insulin, PAI-1 antigen levels were found to increase with rising levels of triglyceride in each insulin tertile. In contrast, the increase of PAI-1 with rising insulin levels was evident in the highest triglyceride tertile. In addition, subjects in the lowest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the lowest PAI-1 antigen levels, and subjects in the highest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the highest levels of PAI-1. Both basal and stimulated levels of t-PA antigen were significantly higher in HTG than in NTG. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified triglyceride level as the sole major determinant of t-PA antigen levels (R² = 0.13; P = 0.00003). The observation that both insulin and triglycerides correlate with PAI-1, whereas triglycerides were involved only in the increased secretion of t-PA, suggests that these two proteins are regulated by different mechanisms.     

吡格列酮对老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人纤溶系统的影响

目的评价吡格列酮对老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人纤溶功能的影响。方法24例老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人口服吡格列酮15mg／d,共16周．服药前后分别测定血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAO-1）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物、二聚体和纤维蛋白原含量,同时测定空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖和24h动态血压。结果吡格列酮治疗后血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、二聚体抗原水平明显下降（P〈0．01）,组织型纤溶酶原激活物抗原水平明显增加（P〈0．01）,胰岛素敏感指数显著提高（P〈0、01）,空腹胰岛素和纤维蛋白原明显降低（P〈0．01）;24h平均收缩压和舒张压均降低（P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果表明治疗前空腹胰岛素水平对PAI-1的降低影响最大（P〈0．01）。结论吡格列酮能有效改善老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人纤溶系统功能,提高胰岛素敏感性,降低收缩压和舒张压;空腹胰岛素水平是影响病人纤溶功能的主要因素。