人工耳蜗植入对耳鸣影响的问卷调查研究

目的通过问卷调查研究人工耳蜗植入对耳鸣的影响。方法随机调查人工耳蜗植入成年患者人工耳蜗植入术前是否伴有耳鸣以及术后耳鸣改变情况,通过联合应用"视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)"和"耳鸣致残量表(tinnitus handicap inventory,THI)中文版"对耳鸣进行评估。VAS用于评估耳鸣响度,双耳分别打分;THI用于量化耳鸣对日常生活的影响。要求受试者对术前和术后的耳鸣情况分别打分。结果随机调查人工耳蜗植入成人52例,术前伴有耳鸣30例(57.7%)。单侧人工耳蜗植入术后,自觉耳鸣减轻或消失者25例(83.3%),其中,植入耳同侧耳鸣消失5例,这5例患者中2例患者对侧的耳鸣也消失了,即双侧耳鸣均消失;自觉耳鸣较术前无明显变化3例(10.0%);自觉耳鸣加重2例(6.7%)。VAS耳鸣响度得分:耳蜗植入侧术前得分6.5±2.4,术后得分2.8±2.3(t=6.287,P<0.01);术前对侧得分6.2±1.8,术后对侧得分3.3±2.2(t=4.763,P<0.05)。THI得分:术前得分51.9±27.7,术后得分25.3±25.8(t=4.759,P<0.01)。结论耳鸣在人工耳蜗植入候选人群中具有较高的发生率。人工耳蜗植入术后能够显著缓解耳鸣响度,减少耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。     

人工耳蜗植入对成人语后聋患者植入侧耳鸣的影响

目的 探究成人语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后植入侧耳鸣的变化,并分析其影响因素。方法 2017年1月～2021年12月于郑州大学第一附属医院耳科进行单侧人工耳蜗植入的47例成人语后聋伴耳鸣患者,分别于术前和术后开机6个月进行耳鸣问卷评估,评估材料为耳鸣障碍量表(tinnitus handicap inventory, THI)和视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS),比较人工耳蜗植入术后患者耳鸣的变化,并分析其可能的影响因素。结果 47例患者人工耳蜗植入术前、术后开机6个月时THI评分别为36.94±13.337、14.48±12.726分,VAS评分分别为5.13±1.676、2.34±1.903分,术后评分均较术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中18例患者耳鸣完全消失,13例患者耳鸣减轻,14例患者耳鸣无变化,2例患者耳鸣加重,总体耳鸣有效率为66.0%(31/47);术前耳鸣病程与耳鸣严重程度对术后耳鸣预后有影响(P<0.05),术前耳鸣病程≤5年、中度及以上耳鸣组耳鸣有效率分别高于耳鸣病程>5年(P<0.05)、轻...     

23例儿童再次人工耳蜗植入手术的临床分析

目的分析23例人工耳蜗植入患儿再植入的原因、处理方法及预后。方法回顾性分析2013年9月—2019年6月行人工耳蜗再植入术患者的临床资料,分析再植入的原因、处理方法及预后。结果人工耳蜗植入后造成再植入的原因：外伤1例,手术固定电极不良1例,术区感染5例,排除言语处理器、手术植入及患者自身原因的助听效果差2例,不明原因植入体故障14例。5例感染患者均为一期行人工耳蜗取出,感染控制后行二期人工耳蜗手术,均为单耳再植入,2例同侧植入,3例对侧植入。23例患者首次均为右耳单侧植入,再次植入时2例患者行双侧人工耳蜗植入,3例患者改为对侧再次植入。再植入术后随访1个月至5年10个月,1例患者术中出现井喷,术后眩晕,3d后缓解;1例患者出现头皮下血肿,术后2周内自行吸收。所有患者术后人工耳蜗听声效果正常。结论人工耳蜗再植入的原因有外伤、手术原因、感染、助听效果差、植入体故障,其中植入体故障和感染是儿童人工耳蜗再次植入的主要原因。再植入手术不影响人工耳蜗的效果,并发症发生率较初次手术无明显提高。为了减少人工耳蜗再植入,提倡精准的微创人工耳蜗植入预防并发症发生,同时加强对患者家长的教育,减少外伤等造成的人工耳蜗故障。     

人工耳蜗植入对成人语后聋患者耳鸣的影响

目的 探讨人工耳蜗植入（CI）对成人语后聋患者耳鸣的影响。方法 回顾性分析88例于我院行人工耳蜗植入的语后聋患者资料,筛选术前有耳鸣的患者分别于术前、术后0.5、1及6个月行耳鸣残疾量表（tinnitus handicap inventory,THI）和视觉模拟评分法（visval analogue scale,VAS）评价患者耳鸣及转归情况。结果 80.7%(71/88)的成人语后聋患者术前伴有耳鸣症状,不同性别患者耳鸣严重程度无差异;THI评分在术后6个月时降低最明显,耳鸣严重程度从术前的重度（38.48±23.95）降至中度（20.59±18.38）,响度也较术前明显减小。青年组患者术后耳鸣改善情况较中年组及老年组更好。使用声音处理器时耳鸣响度明显减小。结论 人工耳蜗植入术可有效改善语后聋成人患者的耳鸣症状,术后耳鸣症状可随时间推移逐渐缓解。青年患者耳鸣症状在术后得到改善的效果更好,所需时间更短。人工耳蜗开机后,声音处理器的使用对耳鸣的抑制有显著而长期的作用。     

人工耳蜗植入对老年性聋伴耳鸣患者的疗效研究

目的　探讨老年性聋伴耳鸣患者人工耳蜗植入术后的听觉和耳鸣康复效果。方法　分析42例老年性聋患者资料,耳鸣组23例,对照组19例。记录人工耳蜗植入前、后患者听觉行为分级、言语可懂度分级、言语识别率和耳鸣组患者耳鸣残疾量表和视觉模拟评分法得分,分析可能影响耳鸣预后的因素。结果　两组比较,患者听觉行为分级（t =16.47,P <0.01）、言语可懂度分级（t =11.93,P <0.01）和言语识别率WRS均较术前有显著提高（t =25.60,P <0.01）。在相同治疗阶段,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;治疗前、后比较,耳鸣组患者耳鸣残疾量表（t =7.23,P <0.01）和视觉模拟评分法得分（t =5.53,P <0.01） 均较术前显著下降,耳鸣时间、重度耳聋时间及是否佩戴助听器对耳鸣预后无影响（P >0.05）。结论　人工耳蜗植入可有效提高老年性聋患者的听觉言语能力,改善老年性聋伴耳鸣患者的耳鸣症状。     

突发性聋致双耳重度聋的人工耳蜗植入术

目的 探讨突聋致全聋患者植入人工耳蜗的效果.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院1998年6月～2006年8月6例不明原因的突发性聋所致双耳语后重度感音神经性聋接受人工耳蜗植入术的患者的临床资料,并对患者及其家属进行了电话问卷调查,包括术后开机听力、耳鸣、语言情况等,综合比较术前、术后各项指标.结果 6例患者术中均成功植入人工耳蜗,术后均无感染、面瘫、电极脱出.术后全部患者进行了开机调试,5例患者进行了语言康复训练.术后言语分辨率和听力情况:除1例恢复较差外,其余5例都达到了满意的效果;5例患者术后耳鸣减轻或消失;言语交流及社会满意度都达到了术前预期的程度.综合各项效果评价,患者及患者家属表示满意的4例,表示基本满意的1例,表示不满意的1例.结论 突聋致双侧重度或极重度聋未恢复者应尽早行人工耳蜗植入手术,可获得良好的言语康复效果,并且对耳鸣也有较好的疗效.     

34例人工耳蜗植入术后再次手术患者的原因和处理方法分析

目的分析人工耳蜗植入术后再次手术患者的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2017年12月1 693例接受人工耳蜗植入术后再次手术的34例(2.01%,34/1 693)患者的临床资料,分析导致再次手术的原因及处理方法。结果 34例中,皮下积液、感染12例(0.71%,12/1 693),皮瓣感染坏死4例(0.24%,4/1 693),植入体移位7例(0.41%,17/1 693),人工耳蜗损坏、故障5例(0.30%,5/1 693),外耳道后壁穿孔2例(0.12%,2/1 693),脑脊液耳漏2例(0.12%,2/1 693),异位植入1例(0.06%,1/1 693),排异反应1例(0.06%,1/1 693)。12例皮下积液、感染的患者均行切开引流、清理病变后保留人工耳蜗;4例皮瓣感染坏死患者均行皮瓣转移修复术,3例取出人工耳蜗并于对侧植入新人工耳蜗,1例保留人工耳蜗;7例植入体移位的患者5例手术复位,2例取出人工耳蜗,其中1例同侧再次植入人工耳蜗;5例人工耳蜗损坏、故障的患者均取出损坏的人工耳蜗,同侧重新植入同型号新人工耳蜗;2例外耳道后壁穿孔的患者均行外耳道后壁修补术,1例取出人工耳蜗,1例保留,均于对侧植入新人工耳蜗;2例脑脊液耳漏的患者堵塞耳蜗造瘘口后均取出人工耳蜗;1例异位植入的患者重新植入新人工耳蜗;1例排异反应的患者清理病灶后保留人工耳蜗。结论人工耳蜗植入术后再次手术的原因有患者自身原因、植入体原因及人工耳蜗植入手术原因,需根据不同原因进行相应的处理。     

17例人工耳蜗再植入原因分析

目的总结17例人工耳蜗患者耳蜗再植入的原因，探讨降低耳蜗再植入风险的方法，提高患者手术治疗满意度及术后听力言语康复水平。方法回顾性分析2012年11月—2018年7月解放军总医院海南医院17例采用面隐窝入路圆窗再植入人工耳蜗患者的临床资料,分析其再植入原因。结果17例患者均顺利完成耳蜗再植入手术,再植入术后随访观察患者满意度高，人工耳蜗助听听阈大幅改善，言语分辨能力明显提高，患者听力言语康复效果提升。17例人工耳蜗再植入原因分别为:植入体故障6例；植入体不工作2例；植入体受撞击后损坏2例；植入体接收刺激器移位1例; 植入体接收刺激器部位破裂1例；皮瓣感染3例，其中1例为右侧感染后原植入体同侧再植入，皮瓣感染切口无法愈合后右侧植入体取出后行左侧人工耳蜗植入；电极未完全植入1例；应患者要求取出旧植入体同侧再植入新型植入体1例。结论人工耳蜗再植入原因复杂多样,选择合适材料的植入体、避免剧烈撞击、执行严格的无菌操作以及进行准确的人工耳蜗植入术前评估是避免人工耳蜗再植入的关键。     

人工耳蜗植入及其电刺激对不同频率残余听力的影响

目的 从听力学的角度评价人工耳蜗植入的安全性，并进一步探讨人工耳蜗植入及其电刺激对患者不同频率残余听力的影响。方法 筛选出手术前后能够良好配合纯音听力检查、中耳内耳无明显异常、测听条件基本相同的单侧Nucleus人工耳蜗植入者31例，了解并分析其耳蜗植入前后不同频率残余听力的变化情况。结果 经人工耳蜗植入手术及一段时间的耳蜗电刺激后，部分患者植入耳的残余听力会有所保留（66.67%）；植入侧1kHz以下频率段的残余听力较手术前有显著差别，损失最重的是500Hz或1kHz，其次是250Hz；植入侧2、4kHz较手术前无显著差别；非植入侧听力较手术前无显著差别。结论 人工耳蜗植入及耳蜗电刺激对植入耳的残余听力并非完全破坏，对不同的频率会造成不同程度的损害，且1kHz以下频率受损较重。     

EABR在人工耳蜗植入术前及术中应用研究

人工耳蜗通过在耳蜗鼓阶内植入电极,电刺激耳蜗螺旋神经节使双侧重度或极重度感音神经性聋患者获得或恢复听觉.自House植入第一例人工耳蜗以来,耳鼻喉科医生及听力师开始探索电刺激引发的神经电反应,促进了一系列电生理检查手段的临床应用.NRT以其快速、无需镇静的优势在人工耳蜗植入术后发挥了很大作用,但EABR技术在人工耳蜗植入术前选择、术中检测中仍有广泛的临床应用.近年来,对于特殊病例如听神经病、耳蜗畸形患者的EABR研究己成为热点.     

Tinnitus and cochlear implantation

Tinnitus is a common experience, but there is very marked heterogeneity of aetiology, perception and the extent of distress among individuals who experience tinnitus. In view of this, a modern approach to tinnitus should consider homogeneous groups of individuals. This review considers tinnitus experiences in patients undergoing cochlear implantation, this being of interest because the prevalence of tinnitus in this patient group prior to surgery may shed some light on the link between cochlear dysfunction and tinnitus. Second, any change in tinnitus experience as a result of electrode placement surgery or cochlear implant activation has relevance for patient counselling and informed consent. Finally, in recent tinnitus retraining therapy literature there has been the suggestion that unilateral sound therapy for tinnitus patients may set up an unhelpful asymmetry of input to the auditory system, with possible exacerbation of contralateral tinnitus. Unilateral cochlear implant use represents the most dramatic asymmetry possible and hence is a test of that hypothesis. Relevant papers (n = 32) were identified from literature databases. The standard of reporting tinnitus results was inconsistent. Tinnitus is experienced by up to 86% of adult cochlear implant candidates, but is not universal and is only troublesome in a small proportion (reported as 27% in one study). Electrode insertion may induce tinnitus in a small (up to 4%) number of patients, but this is rare. Cochlear implant device use is associated with reduction of tinnitus intensity and awareness in up to 86% of patients, and rarely with exacerbation (up to 9%). There are some indications in the literature that the more complex the simulation strategy, the larger that effect. Specifically, unilateral cochlear implant use was generally associated with reduction of contralateral tinnitus (in up to 67% of individuals) rather than exacerbation, and so the assertion that unilateral sound therapy for tinnitus is contraindicated is not proven.     

El implante coclear como tratamiento del acúfeno

Introduction and objectivesTinnitus is a symptom of high prevalence in patients with cochlear pathology. We studied the evolution of tinnitus in patients undergoing unilateral cochlear implantation for treatment of profound hearing loss.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, retrospective study of patients that underwent unilateral cochlear implantation and who had bilateral tinnitus. Tinnitus was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery.ResultsWe evaluated 20 patients that underwent unilateral cochlear implantation with a Nucleus^® CI24RE Contour Advance? electrode device. During the periods in which the device was in operation, improvement or disappearance of tinnitus was evidenced in the ipsilateral ear in 65% of patients, and in the contralateral ear, in 50%. In periods in which the device was disconnected, improvement or disappearance of tinnitus was found in the ipsilateral ear in 50% of patients, and in the ear contralateral to the implant in 45% of the patients. In 10% of the patients, a new tinnitus appeared in the ipsilateral ear.ConclusionsThe patients with profound hearing loss and bilateral tinnitus treated with unilateral cochlear implantation improved in a high percentage of cases, in the ipsilateral ear and in the contralateral ear.     

Tinnitus after cochlear implantation

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate properties of tinnitus which starts after cochlear implantation. Of the 17 adult patients in our cochlear implant group, four (23.5%) who had no pre-implantation tinnitus were eligible for the study.

Methods

Each patient was requested to complete a short questionnaire regarding his or her experience with tinnitus. Tinnitus match test was performed for each patient by using an Interacoustic Clinical Audiometer (model AC40; Assens, Denmark).

Results

Tinnitus match test revealed a tinnitus frequency of a 4 KHz for three and of a 6 KHz for one patient. Mean value of the loudness score was calculated as 17.5 dB SL.

Conclusions

The results of this study emphasize the importance of counseling patients regarding risks of tinnitus after cochlear implantation.     

Interaction of tinnitus suppression and hearing ability after cochlear implantation

Objectives: To study the postoperative impact of cochlear implants (CIs) on tinnitus, as well as the impact of tinnitus on speech recognition with CI switched on.

Methods: Fifty-two postlingual deafened CI recipients (21 males and 31 females) were assessed using an established Tinnitus Characteristics Questionnaire and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) before and after cochlear implantation. The tinnitus loudness was investigated when CI was switched on and off in CI recipients with persistent tinnitus. The relation between tinnitus loudness and recipients’ satisfaction of cochlear implantation was analyzed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) score.

Results: With CI ‘OFF’, 42?CI recipients experienced tinnitus postimplant ipsilaterally and 44 contralaterally. Tinnitus was totally suppressed ipsilateral to the CI with CI ‘ON’ in 42.9%, partially suppressed in 42.9%, unchanged in 11.9% and aggravated in 2.4%. Tinnitus was totally suppressed contralaterally with CI ‘ON’ in 31.8% of CI recipients, partially suppressed in 47.7%, unchanged in 20.5%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that tinnitus loudness and the results of cochlear implant patients satisfaction was negatively correlated (r?=?.674, p?Conclusion: The study suggests six-month CI activation can be effective for suppressing tinnitus. The tinnitus loudness may affect patients’ satisfaction with the use of CI.     

Tinnitus modifications after cochlear implantation

Tinnitus can be defined as a phantom sensation in the absence of an external sound. In our study, we evaluated the effect of cochlear implant on tinnitus evolution. Among adult, postlingually deaf patients who underwent cochlear implantation at our clinic, we selected 20 subjects with pre-implantation tinnitus (group A) and 10 subjects without pre-implantation tinnitus (group B). Pre- and post-surgery tinnitus was assessed through two questionnaires: the first one dealing with tinnitus characteristics and psychosocial impact, and the second one represented by THI, an internationally validated score of evaluation of the effects of tinnitus on patient’s emotions and activities of daily living. None of the patients belonging to group B developed tinnitus after surgery. As for group A, 40% of patients declared suppression of tinnitus, 30% attenuation of tinnitus after surgery, 25% reported tinnitus was unchanged and 5% reported worsening of tinnitus. In the nine patients with bilateral tinnitus (45%), after implantation tinnitus disappeared from both sides in four patients and attenuated bilaterally in four patients. A comparison between pre- and post-implantation THI scores showed decreased score in 65% of cases, unchanged score in 30% and increased score in 5%. The beneficial effect of cochlear implant on tinnitus, reported by a majority of patients, could be due to acoustic masking, to direct electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve, and above all to a possible cochlear implantation dependent reorganization of the central auditory pathways and associative cerebral areas. In the light of these results, the authors propose (1) to include tinnitus in the selection criteria of which ear to implant; (2) to consider implantation eligibility for patients with bilateral severe hearing loss associated with severe tinnitus; and (3) to inform patients about the small risk of post-operative tinnitus worsening.     

Cochlear implant and tinnitus–a meta-analysis

IntroductionTinnitus is a frequent symptom in cochlear implant patients, often reported as persistent and disabling in implant candidates. Tinnitus is rarely considered in the preoperative evaluation of patients who are eligible for cochlear implantation. Many studies have shown that a cochlear implant leads to a significant change in the perception of tinnitus.ObjectiveTo identify evidence in the scientific literature indicating that cochlear implant in eligible patients with tinnitus can improve tinnitus perception.MethodsOne hundred forty articles were found from nine databases, and 20 articles from the gray literature mentioned the relationship between cochlear implant and tinnitus perception in patients eligible for cochlear implant. The PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) strategy, was used to define the eligibility criteria. The studies that met the inclusion criteria for this second step were included in a qualitative synthesis, and each type of study was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for randomized clinical trials.ResultsThe full texts of 11 articles were read, and 6 studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The total sample size in the evaluated articles was 136 patients with tinnitus who were eligible for cochlear implantation.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings support the feasibility of cochlear implantation to reduce the perception of tinnitus, thus providing a new perspective in the treatment of tinnitus in patients with hearing loss who are candidates for cochlear implantation.     

Tinnitus and cochlear implants

Objective

Several published studies seem to confirm the clinical observation that cochlear implants (CI) have a suppressive effect on tinnitus in most CI users. The aim of this paper is to present our personal experiences on tinnitus improvement after cochlear implantation.

Methods

Before surgery, 51 post-lingually profoundly deaf adults, who underwent cochlear implantation between 2005 and 2007, filled out a questionnaire reporting tinnitus characteristics and the Italian version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-I). Moreover, they were asked to scale tinnitus loudness and annoyance. Six months after implant activation, patients repeated the same evaluations. Scores were statistically analysed by means of a Wilcoxon signed ranks test on the hypothesis that a CI could change the tinnitus magnitude and/or its annoyance.

Results

In our series of 36 patients, 36.10% reported total loudness suppression and another 41.6% reported a reduction. Annoyance scores reduced in 75% of patients. THI reduced in 72.2% of patients.

Conclusion

Tinnitus reduction after CI may manifest as several mechanisms, such as habituation, acoustic masking, direct electrical nerve stimulation and cortical reorganization. Nevertheless, it is our opinion that data on CI benefits on tinnitus should be interpreted with caution and it seems reasonable to admit that further data is still necessary before considering CI as a treatment of tinnitus especially in unilateral deafness.     

Electric-acoustic stimulation suppresses tinnitus in a subject with high-frequency single-sided deafness

Background: A suggested solution to suppress tinnitus is to restore the normal sensory input. This is based on the auditory deprivation hypothesis. It is known that hearing aids can provide sufficient activation of the auditory nervous system and reduce tinnitus in subjects with mild to moderate hearing loss and that cochlear implantation can reduce tinnitus in subjects with severe to profound hearing loss. This applies to subjects with single-sided deafness (SSD) or bilateral hearing loss.

Aim: To investigate if electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) can reduce severe tinnitus in a subject with residual hearing in the ipsilateral ear and contralateral normal hearing (high-frequency SSD) by restoring the auditory input.

Methods: Tinnitus reduction was investigated for 1 year after implantation in a subject with high-frequency SSD, who uses EAS, and was compared to 11 subjects with a cochlear implant (CI) with SSD. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) were administered pre-operatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation.

Results: Significant tinnitus reduction was observed 1 month after implantation on the VAS in the subjects with SSD using a CI. Tinnitus reduction was also observed in the subject with high-frequency SSD using EAS. A further decrease was observed 3 months after implantation. The TQ and VAS scores remained stable up to 1 year after implantation.

Conclusion: A CI can significantly reduce ipsilateral severe tinnitus in a subject with SSD. Ipsilateral severe tinnitus can also be reduced using EAS in subjects with high-frequency SSD.     

The effect of unilateral multichannel cochlear implant on bilaterally perceived tinnitus

CONCLUSIONS: Available multichannel cochlear implants (CIs) provide effective tinnitus suppression. More sophisticated speech strategies are more effective than analogue or slow strategies. The mechanisms by which tinnitus is suppressed by CIs are unclear; however, both acoustic masking and reorganization of the right auditory association cortex induced by the CI are possible mechanisms. CI significantly reduced the tinnitus-related Handicap as assessed by the Tinnitus handicap Inventory (THI). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of a unilateral CI on bilaterally perceived tinnitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one profoundly deaf patients implanted with a multichannel CI reporting bilateral tinnitus were evaluated. All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire that evaluated the presence, location and intensity of tinnitus before and after cochlear implantation. RESULTS: Seven patients (17%) reported the perception of a 'new tinnitus' after surgery. With the CI off tinnitus was abolished in 23 patients (56.1%) in the implanted ear and in 22 patients (53.6%) in the contralateral ear. With the CI on tinnitus was abolished in the ipsilateral ear in 27 patients (65.8%) and in the contralateral ear in 27 patients (65.8%). Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction of the total THI score and of each subscale score (p < 0.001).