SPECT脑血流灌注显像在精神分裂症患者的初步应用

为评价＾９９ｍＴｃ－乙撑双半胱氨酸二乙酯ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像在精神分裂症患者中的临床价值，对３２例精神分裂症患者和２１例正常对照者９９＾Ｔｃ－ＥＣＤ ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像。结果：患者组脑血流减低发生率为９３．８％，正常对照组未发现脑血流异常；患者组双侧额叶、左侧颞叶及右侧基底节脑血流显著低于正常对照组；患者组左颞叶脑血流显著低于右侧；其脑血流减低与治疗及病程无关。     

~(99m)Tc-ECD SPECT断层影像采血法和非采血法定量测定rCBF和CBF的对照研究

目的：应用９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ断层影像采血和非采血法定量测定ｒＣＢＦ和ＣＢＦ。材料和方法：正常对照组１５例,疾病组１０例。采血法用动脉化静脉血样求得血中９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ的浓度;非采血法用头颈平面像求得血中９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ浓度。结果：正常对照组采血法ｒＣＢＦ２５０±４０～５９１±７６ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１,ＣＢＦ４３０±３６ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１;非采血法ｒＣＢＦ２６１±３２～６０３±６８ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１,ＣＢＦ４３５±４４ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１。和其他方法测得的正常值很接近。疾病组两法测定的结果基本一致。结论：用９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ断层影像测定ｒＣＢＦ和ＣＢＦ是可行的,可作为评价脑血流灌注的定量指标。     

~（99m）Tc－ECDSPECT脑血流灌注显像的临床应用

￣（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像的临床应用王信辉，侯治河，候庆田，王长生，陈勇，郝秋香，王雪清，李红对１２６例９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像结果进行分析，探讨了正常人及各脑疾病的显像特征．资料与方法正常组７例．脑疾病组１１...     

SPECT脑血流灌注显像在老年人脑梗塞中的应用

目的：评价ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像在老年病中的临床应用价值。材料和方法：４６例脑梗塞患者行９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤ脑血流灌注显像，并与ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、对照。其中４例行Ｄｉａｍｏｘ脑血流负荷检查。结果：４６例脑梗塞患者４５例脑血流灌注异常，占９７．８％．３３例同时做过ＣＴ，其灵敏度９６．７％．２５例做过ＭＲＩ，灵敏度９６％。ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流显像灵敏度与ＣＴ及与ＭＲＩ间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。７例ＳＰＥＣＴ图像上出现＂交叉性小脑神经失联络征＂。４例行Ｄｉａｍｏｘ脑血流负荷检查，１例原梗塞灶血流明显改善；两例显示病灶范围更广泛；另１例除小脑血流分布改善外．余处未见明显改变。４例中３例有＂交叉性小脑神经失联络征＂，使用Ｄｉａｍｏｘ后小脑血流改善。结论：本组病例ＳＰＥＣＴ灵敏度与ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ无显著差异；ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像可探测梗塞后存活的脑组织，为临床治疗提供客观依据；结合Ｄｉａｍｏｘ脑血流负荷检查有望进一步提高诊断的阳性率     

抑郁症的基础与认知激活脑SPECT显像

目的通过抑郁症患者基础和认知激活局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）灌注显像的半定量分析，评估抑郁症患者的脑血流灌注异常。方法选择２７例未经抗抑郁治疗、ＩＣＤ１０分类为中度抑郁发作伴躯体症状的患者，１５例年龄匹配的健康人作正常对照。２７例患者中２１例、１５例健康人中１３例行双日法基础与认知激活脑ｒＣＢＦ显像；另６例患者及２例健康人仅行基础脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。认知激活采用Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验。半定量分析在横断面图像７～１１帧上进行，将各ＲＯＩ的平均计数与同侧小脑的最高计数相除，得到各ＲＯＩ的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果抑郁症左额叶和左颞叶的基础ｒＣＢＦ值均为０７２０，明显低于对照组（０７６４和０７５０，Ｐ＜００５）；左额、左颞、左顶叶的认知激活ｒＣＢＦ值分别为０７１９、０６９０及０７０１，明显低于对照组（０７８２、０７５２和０７６６，Ｐ＜００１和Ｐ＜００５）。结论①抑郁症患者存在左额叶、左颞叶的局部血流低灌注。②额叶、颞叶皮层低灌注可能是引起抑郁症认知障碍、心境低落的原因。③Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验认知激活脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像有助于提高抑郁症的诊断准确性     

帕罗西汀与多虑平治疗抑郁症的疗效比较

目的：比较帕罗西汀与多虑平治疗抑郁症的疗效及不良反应。方法：６０例符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ及ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ诊断标准抑郁症患,ＨＡＭＤ≥１８,经６周随机、双盲对照研究,并予ＨＡＭＤ、ＣＧＩ、ＴＥＳＳ量表及临床疗效评估。结果：帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效肯定,显效率７３．３％,比多产６３．３％略高,两无显性差异。帕罗西汀不良反应较多虑平少而轻。结论：帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效确切,不良反应轻微。     

亚低温对重型颅脑损伤后脑循环动力学的影响

目的 研究亚低温对重型颅脑损伤（ＳＨＩ）后脑循环动力学的影响及其临床意义。方法 ３６例ＳＨＩ患者,随机分为常规治疗组和亚低温组,各１８例,用脑循环动力学检测仪检测后０,１,３,７,１０,１４,２１天的脑循环动力学份析两组ＣＶＤＩ变化规律,伤灶脑水肿大小和预后,选２４名正常人为正常对照组中心结果 与正常组要比较,常规治疗伤后ＣＶＤＩ可划分为４期,即低灌注期（０天）高灌注期（１－３天）脑血管痉挛期（４     

绞股蓝及运动训练对中年大鼠主动脉壁脂质氧化水平和血脂含量的影响

测定了中年大鼠主动脉壁脂质过氧化水平和抗氧化酶活性以及血脂的变化。２４只１２月龄的雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分为４组：对照组、服药组、训练组和服药＋训练组。后二组在跑台上训练８周（５天／周，每天训练２０～３０分钟，速度１５～２０米／分，坡度５％）。结果如下：（１）服药、训练组体重明显下降。（２）与对照组比，服药组和训练组ＭＤＡ含量明显下降，ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；服药＋训练组与对照组比较，ＭＤＡ含量以及ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；服药＋训练组ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性高于服药组和训练组，差异有显著性。（３）与对照组比较，后三组血清ＨＤＬ－Ｃ以及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ明显增加，服药组与服药＋训练组ＴＧ和ＴＣ含量下降明显，而训练组ＴＧ和ＴＣ变化不显著。提示绞股蓝及运动训练在抗脂质过氧化和调节脂代谢方面有显著作用。文章探讨了绞股蓝和运动训练抗动脉粥样硬化的可能机制。     

帕金森病模型大鼠脑D2受体与血流灌注的对比研究

目的 对偏侧帕金森病（ＰＤ）模型大鼠脑多巴胺（ＤＡ）Ｄ２受体改变与脑血流灌注进行对比研究。方法 立体定位脑黑质、腹侧被盖区、以６－羟基多巴胺定向损毁制作偏侧ＰＤ大白鼠模型，通过阿朴吗啡诱发其向健侧旋转的转数筛选模型，并用高效液相－电化学检测器（ＨＰＬＣ－ＥＣＤ）检测ＰＤ模型及对照组大鼠脑纹状体ＤＡ含量；彩用＾１２５Ｉ－左旋－３－碘－２－羟基－６－甲氧基－Ｎ（１－乙基－２－吡咯烷）甲基）苯酰胺（ＩＢ     

曲唑酮治疗老年期抑郁症的研究

目的探讨曲唑酮治疗老年期抑郁症的疗效。方法 60例符合诊断标准的老年期抑郁症患者随机分为曲唑酮组和文拉法辛组,疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMA）,评定疗效。采用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定安全性。结果在第1周末研究组（曲唑酮组）有效率为30.00%;对照组（文拉法辛组）有效率为10.00%。两组有效率有显著性差异（χ2=3.85、P〈0.05）。治疗8周末研究组总有效率93.33%,对照组总有效率86.67%,两组总有效率无显著性差异（χ2=0.187、P〉0.05）,说明两者总体疗效相当。两组TESS评分在治疗后1、2、4及8周末差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论曲唑酮治疗老年期抑郁症起效快,安全性好,副作用少。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.