Training of field professionals in Switzerland health prevention projects

Following various difficulties during prevention programs, an interdisciplinary training course in project management was set up for professionals working in the field. Sessions devoted to theoretical aspects alternated with workshops aimed at problem-solving strategies. The intention of the course was to equip the participants with relevant operational tools. The twenty-seven participants came from twelve different professional backgrounds. Fourty-two hours of training were given over a period of nine months. Two physicians specialized in public health accompanied the course throughout, seven invited speakers joined the group for occasional sessions. The evaluation was positive for the teaching methods used and the variety of subjects covered. The analysis of practical experiences has proved to be a powerful learning tool and a vehicle for interdisciplinary exchanges. The course has highlighted the isolation of the professionals in the field, the absence of common points of reference and the resulting difficulties in communication and collaboration. This experience has clearly shown the need for a well-defined standard model in project management and for intensive training of the professionals in the field.     

Training Chilean primary health care professionals in nutrition for noncommunicable disease prevention.

OBJECTIVES: To assess three related issues: (1) the need for training in nutrition and prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as perceived by primary health care (PHC) personnel in Chile, (2) those health workers' preferred sources of training to learn about that subject, and (3) reactions to some materials that were later developed to help meet the needs that were identified. METHODS: In the summer of 2001 a questionnaire survey was used with PHC staff members in 3 of Chile's 13 regions in order to evaluate their perceived need for training in nutrition and NCD prevention as well as their preferred sources of continuing education. As a follow-up to the 2001 survey, in 2002, information material was prepared on using diet and physical activity to prevent NCDs. The information package was introduced through a series of workshops in all the regions of Chile. An evaluation in 2003 assessed the reactions to the new material. RESULTS: Four hundred thirty-one valid questionnaires from the 2001 survey were analyzed. The participants reported a strong need for further education in the area of nutrition for NCD prevention. The perceived need for further training was highest among nursing aides, and it was lowest among nutritionists. Most of the health personnel reported that patients often asked them about dietary issues, most frequently how to lose weight and how to follow a healthy diet. The sources of continuing education that the health workers had used most frequently were professional journals, information from the Ministry of Health, and courses. In comparison to the university-trained health professionals, the non-university-trained nursing aides differed significantly in their perceived need for more training, as well as the sources that they had used for continuing education (P < 0.05 for both). The evaluation in 2003 to assess the reactions to the new information material found a generally favorable response to the package. CONCLUSIONS: The Chilean PHC personnel perceived a strong need for training in nutrition as related to NCD prevention. In response, various activities are now being carried out, with goals that include enhancing the knowledge of PHC workers about possibilities for NCD prevention, encouraging a team approach to prevention, and offering more community-oriented services.     

International employment and children: geographical mobility and mental health among children of professionals

The literature concerning geographical mobility, psychiatric disturbances and mental health among children of professional and executive level migrants is reviewed. Most studies were found to be conceptually and methodologically flawed, tending to find whatever they set out to look for. Various problems that might be experienced by geographically mobile children, both in the short and the long term are reviewed. The question is raised as to what eventually becomes of third culture children, brought up neither in their home culture nor that of the host culture, but in an expatriate community.     

成都、沈阳社区卫生人员培训需求分析

培训需求分析是人员培训工作基本程序的关键环节.本研究采用员工培训需求问卷、深入访谈及专题小组座谈等定量与定性调查结合方法对成都、沈阳两地社区卫生人员的培训现状、意愿、需求及动机进行分析,提出改进人员培训的策略和建议.     

Mental health,family roles and employment status inside and outside the household in Spain

Objective

To document the prevalence of poor mental health by gender and social class, and to analyze if poor mental health is associated with the family roles or the employment status inside and outside the household.

Training health care professionals to manage overweight adolescents: experience in rural Georgia communities.

CONTEXT: The obesity epidemic threatens the present and future health of adolescents in the United States. Yet, health care providers lack specific training for pediatric obesity assessment and management. PURPOSE: This study examined the adherence of rural Georgia primary care practitioners to an overweight adolescent management protocol. The study also documented the prevalence of obesity-associated physiological and behavioral risk factors among overweight adolescent patients. METHODS: Ten rural clinics (58 providers) were recruited and received a 90-minute adolescent overweight assessment and management training session. Select biochemical, dietary, physical activity, and physical inactivity behaviors were assessed in overweight adolescent patients. Medical charts were abstracted to assess practitioner compliance with an overweight assessment protocol and patient adherence to a 16-week follow-up visit. FINDINGS: Providers were receptive to training and complied with the recommended protocol. Eighty-five overweight adolescents were assessed, but only 49 (57%) completed the scheduled 16-week follow-up visit. Physical, biochemical, and behavioral assessments revealed that 13%-27% of the participants had abnormal levels of lipids, fasting glucose, and glucose/insulin ratio, and 80.5% had waist circumferences above the 90th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners complied with the assessment and follow-up protocol, leading to the discovery of previously unrecognized risk factors in many overweight adolescent patients. Lack of patient adherence to follow-up was the greatest limiting factor for obesity management. Further efforts are needed to implement and evaluate training to improve the management of adolescent overweight, especially in rural communities.     

Working life of health professionals.

A comparison was made between the indirect method of preparing a profession-specific working-life table and the direct method. The former uses data on the number of physicians per 1,000 population by age and assumes that the mortality rate for the profession is equal to that of the population as a whole. The latter method makes use of information on profession-specific mortality and on active and inactive status of living physicians. These two approaches were applied to physician data for the United States of America and it was noted that the direct method gives estimates of working life and total life expectancy that are significantly higher than by use of the indirect method. The likely magnitude and directions of the biases inherent in each of the methods are then discussed. A comparison is then made of the estimated working life for Colombian, French and US physicians using the indirect method.     

Immigration, work and health in Spain: the influence of legal status and employment contract on reported health indicators

Objective

To analyze the relationship of legal status and employment conditions with health indicators in foreign-born and Spanish-born workers in Spain.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 1,849 foreign-born and 509 Spanish-born workers (2008–2009, ITSAL Project). Considered employment conditions: permanent, temporary and no contract (foreign-born and Spanish-born); considered legal statuses: documented and undocumented (foreign-born). Joint relationships with self-rated health (SRH) and mental health (MH) were analyzed via logistical regression.

Results

When compared with male permanently contracted Spanish-born workers, worse health is seen in undocumented foreign-born, time in Spain ≤3 years (SRH aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.09–6.56; MH aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.15–4.42); in Spanish-born, temporary contracts (SRH aOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.04–5.53); and in foreign-born, temporary contracts, time in Spain >3 years (MH: aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.13–3.38). In females, highest self-rated health risks are in foreign-born, temporary contracts (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.13–4.91) and without contracts, time in Spain >3 years (aOR 4.63, 95% CI 1.95–10.97).

Conclusions

Contract type is a health determinant in both foreign-born and Spanish-born workers. This study offers an uncommon exploration of undocumented migration and raises methodological issues to consider in future research.     

Seroprevalence of pertussis amongst healthcare professionals in Spain

IntroductionThis multi-center, hospital-based observational study determined the seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies amongst healthcare professionals from three different hospitals in Spain to ascertain the health status of professionals attending to susceptible groups who are at risk of contracting and transmitting pertussis.MethodsMedical professionals from three hospitals in Spain were recruited for this study (NCT01706224). Serum samples from subjects were assessed for anti-pertussis antibodies by ELISA. The percentage of subjects positive for anti-pertussis antibodies were determined by age-strata, gender, vaccination status, professional level (physicians, nurses, ancillary nurses and midwives), hospital department, number of working years, numbers of hours spent with the patient as well as number of children in the household.ResultsOverall, 31.2% of subjects were seropositive; 3.3% of these healthcare professionals had ELISA values indicative of current or recent infection. There were no significant differences in terms of pertussis prevalence with respect to age, gender, hospital department, profession, number of working years and number of hours spent with patients. These levels of seronegativity amongst healthcare workers further strengthen the rationale for vaccination amongst this specific population against pertussis.     

Training health professionals and lay volunteers to deliver cholesterol screening and education programs

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health launched the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in 1985. With the goal of reducing the prevalence of elevated blood cholesterol in the United States, the NCEP aims to raise awareness and understanding in both health professionals and the general public of high blood cholesterol levels as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Public interest in blood cholesterol measurement has created an enormous market for cholesterol screening and education programs. The importance of quality screening and educational services was recognized by the NCEP, which has urged the training of all personnel involved in public cholesterol screenings. This paper presents models for training lay volunteers and health professionals to deliver quality public screening programs for high blood cholesterol that are consistent with NCEP recommendations. Blood cholesterol screening, counseling, and referral (SCORE) programs are key intervention strategies of the Pawtucket Heart Health Program (PHHP), a cardiovascular disease prevention research program in Pawtucket, RI. This paper describes the PHHP volunteer training and certification program for cholesterol SCOREs and the demographics of screening volunteers. With the goal of improving the quality of cholesterol screening and education programs nationally, the Cholesterol Training Center (CTC) was established in 1988. Using models established by PHHP, the center developed training workshops to help health professionals initiate, update, expand, or enhance training for cholesterol screening and education programs. CTC training protocols and the characteristics of workshop participants are described, and the workshops' effects on participants' knowledge and self-sufficiency are discussed.     

培养适应妇幼卫生事业发展的专业人才

本文从妇幼卫生事业的发展及其重要作用;妇幼卫生人才的构建及其社会需求;妇幼卫生专业的创建及其蓬勃发展三方面阐述了培养妇幼卫生专业人才的重要性、迫切性、专业性及其专业体系发展的过程.