64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量控制研究

目的 探讨CT冠状动脉成像图像质量控制的临床应用.方法 102例患者采用64层螺旋CT心电门控冠状动脉成像,男68例,女34例,心率<65次/min为Ⅰ组,65～75次/min为Ⅱ组,>75次/min为Ⅲ组,每位患者的冠状动脉分为12血管段用于图像质量分析.测量冠状动脉各分支图像无伪影显示率和各分支近段和远段对比噪声比.结果 (1)所有患者总体评估结果显示,94.0%冠状动脉血管段显示无伪影.Ⅰ组冠状动脉分支无伪影显示率98.2%,Ⅱ组冠状动脉分支无伪影显 示率95.3%,Ⅲ组冠状动脉分支无伪影显示率85.0%;(2)所有冠状动脉分支平均对比噪声比为14.7±4.1.结论 64层螺旋CT有高质量的冠状动脉图像,心率影响冠状动脉图像,低心率仍是图像质量保证的关键因素.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量影响因素分析

目的 分析不同心率下影响64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)图像质量的因素.方法 对283例临床怀疑或确诊冠心病的患者进行CTCA检查.入选患者按照心率快慢分为5组;按照心率波动幅度分为3组.结果 (1)除心率为66～70次/min组和心率为71～75次/min组间冠状动脉可评估率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.164,P=0.281)外,其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.005).(2)在心率≤75次/min时,导致冠状动脉无法评价的原因主要为钙化,在心率＞75次/min时,导致冠状动脉无法评价的原因主要为运动伪影,其次为钙化.(3)不同心率波动组中,当心率波动幅度＞10次/min时,冠状动脉的可评估率明显减低.(4)在心率≤65次/min时,冠状动脉各节段的最佳重建时相主要在75%时相,随着心率的增加冠状动脉各节段的最佳重建时相逐渐趋于45%～50%时相,当心率>80次/min时,冠状动脉各节段的最佳重建时相主要位于50%时相.结论 导致冠状动脉无法评价的原因在心率较低时主要为钙化掩盖血管腔和钙化导致的伪影所致,在心率较高时主要为运动伪影,其次为钙化.     

MSCT不同机型对辐射剂量及图像质量的影响:GE4层螺旋CT与64层螺旋CT的对照研究

目的 探讨不同的MSCT对辐射剂量及图像质量的影响.方法 采用相同的扫描条件分别以GE 4层螺旋CT(4 SCT)和64层螺旋CT(64 SCT)对质量控制(QA)体模进行轴向扫描和螺旋扫描.扫描后机器生成的辐射剂量数据中有总曝光时间(totime)、CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效射线率;通过对图像伪影、低对比度分辨率、高对比度分辨率、实际层厚的观察以及对水的CT值及标准偏差、均匀性值的测量来评价图像质量.比较2种机型的辐射剂量和图像质量,并对DLP进行统计学处理.结果 64 SCT螺距因子0.5311的总曝光时间较长,两机器其余组合的总曝光时间比较接近;4 SCT各组合的CTDIvol、DLP较低,而有效射线率更高,但两种机器的DLP无统计学差异(t=1.60,P=0.143).除4 SCT螺旋扫描外,其余扫描均无明显图像伪影;两机型轴向扫描图像的高对比分辨率均可达20 lp/cm,螺旋扫描略低于20 lp/cm,特别是64 SCT 大螺距因子扫描更低;4 SCT轴向扫描图像的低对比分辨率能可观察到第2小孔,螺旋扫描观察的孔径更大到第5孔,64 SCT能观察到第2小孔;轴向扫描图像的实际层厚更接近于标称层厚,而螺旋扫描则大于标称层厚;两机器水的CT值均在1 HU以内,标准偏差均在5 HU以内,均匀性值均<1,随层厚的变薄,噪声增加,均匀性值变化不大.结论在相同的扫描条件下,64 SCT的辐射剂量更大、图像质量更高.     

心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

目的:评价心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响.方法:采用GE Light speed 64层螺旋VCT,以心脏扫描模式对心脏动态体模进行扫描.心脏动态体模由3个部分组成:动力部分、解剖结构模拟部分和控制部分.心脏动态体模的心率设置为40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110和115次/min,心律齐.以球管转速0.35 s对不同心率下的心脏动态体模进行冠状动脉成像扫描.所有扫描数据在R-R间期90%时相分别进行单扇区和多扇区重建.重建数据传至工作站后处理成像.后处理方法采用VR、MPR重组模式.分别对重建图像进行评分.结果:①心率与图像质量呈负相关(P＜0.01);随着心率的增加,图像质量评分呈下降趋势;②在同一条件下多扇区重建算法较单扇区重建算法提高了图像质量评分.结论:采用心脏动态体模评价心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响,对临床研究和应用有着重要价值.     

心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响及对策

目的：评价心率对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影图像质量的影响及解决方案。方法：：将112例冠心病按心率快慢分为4组：A组≤60次／min，B组（61～74）次／min，C组（75～89）次／min，D组≥90次／min。分别对重建图像进行定量评分，比较组间差异。结果：A组与B组间、C组与D组间无统计学差异，而A组与C、D组及B组与C、D组间有统计学差异。结论：心率是64层螺旋CT冠脉造影成像质量影响因素之一，当心率≥75次／min时对冠状动脉造影图像质量产生影响。     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

目的 评价心电脉冲(ECG-pulsing)技术对降低CT冠状动脉成像射线剂量的价值及其对图像质量的影响.方法 2007年10月26日到2008年3月12日期间,配合良好,心率控制在80次/min以下,且心律齐的连续受检者59例,采用完全随机化分组方法分为2组,组1(29例)使用传统方法进行CT冠状动脉成像检查,组2(30例)使用ECG-pulsing技术,通过CT机自动得到平均容积CT剂量指数(CT dose index volume,CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(dose length product,DLP),计算出相应的有效剂量(effective dose,ED).获得的图像通过双盲法进行质量评分,对两组CTDIvol值、ED值及图像质量评分用t检验进行比较.结果 (1)组1和组2的CTDIvol值分别为(70.0±1.1)和(39.0±2.7)mGy,ED值分别为(16.8±2.0)和(9.5±1.7)msv,两者之间差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为57.675、15.346,P值均<0.01).(2)组1和组2冠状动脉各段图像质量平均评分分别为:组1(3.8±0.2)分,组2(3.8±0.1)分,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.222,P>0.05).结论 64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影检查时合理运用ECG-pulsiag技术可大幅度降低辐射剂量且不影响图像质量.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

双源CT冠状动脉成像辐射剂量的优化

目的：探讨使用更窄的曝光时间窗对双源CT冠状动脉成像图像质量和辐射剂量的影响。方法：选择心律稳定、配合屏气在本院行冠状动脉CTA检查者共360例,按心率及扫描方案随机分为5组：当心率＜65次/分时,行回顾性心电门控扫描,用70％-80％曝光时间窗成像冠状动脉（A组）;窄窗方案根据前瞻性心电门控平扫所获得的最佳时相,选择此时相为中心总长1％作为曝光时间窗,行前瞻心电性门控冠状动脉成像（B组）。当心率≥65次/时,行回顾性心电门控扫描,常规使用30％-80％曝光时间窗成像冠状动脉（C组）;窄窗方案根据前瞻性心电门控平扫所获得的最佳时相,以此时相为中心选择总长10％的曝光时间窗,分别用前瞻性心电门控（D 组）和低剂量回顾性心电门控行冠状动脉成像（E组）;分别计算各组平均有效辐射剂量以及冠状动脉图像质量（4分制评分）,并作统计学分析。结果：A 组[（8．11±1．54）mSv]和B组[（3．63±0．82）mSv],C 组[（10．56±2．51）mSv]和 D 组[（4．42±1．16）mSv],D 组[（4．42±1．16）mSv]和E组[（5．43±1．14）mSv]的辐射剂量相比较均有统计学差异（P＜0．05）,采用窄窗方案前瞻性心电门控技术的辐射剂量最少;而各组间图像质量,均无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：前瞻性心电门控通过平扫获得最佳时相,当心率＜65次/分时,选择曝光总长1％的时间窗,而当心率≥65次/分时,选择曝光总长10％的时间窗,能获得高质量的、满足诊断要求的图像,并可有效地降低辐射量。     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

应用心电脉冲技术降低64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的辐射剂量

Objective To evaluate the value of reducing radiation dose with ECG-pulsing and image quality in 64-row multi-alice CT coronary angiography.Methods Fifty-nine consecutive patients whose heart rates were less than 80 beat per minute and cardiac rhythm was regular were randomly divided into two groups from October 26, 2007 to March 12, 2008.Conventional technique of CT coronary angiography was employed in group 1, while ECG-pulsing technique was applied in group 2.CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were obtained automatically, and then the corresponding effective dose (ED) were calculated.The quality scores were performed on obtained imaging by using double blind method.Student t-test was applied in the comparison of value of CTDIvol, value of ED and quality of imagiugbetween two groups.Results The value of CTDIvol was (70.0±1.1) and (39.0±2.7) mGy, the value of ED was (16.8±2.0) and (9.5±1.7) rosy in group 1 and group 2, respectively, which reached statistically significant differences between the groups(t=57.675,15.346 ,P <0.01, respectively). The quality scores of coronary images were 3.8±0.2 and 3.8±0.1 in the groups, which did not reach the statistical significance (t=-0.222, P 0.05).Conclusions The proper application of ECG-Pulsing technology in 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography can reduce radiation dose significantly while having no influence on the quality of the imaging.     

调整螺距对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

Objective To investigate the impact of imaging quality of pitch on coronary CT angiography (CTA) with 64-detector row CT. Methods 566 patients were divided into four groups according to heart rate (≤ 50,51-70,71 ～ 80 and ≥ 80 bpm). Three dimensional reconstructions were used such as volume rendering (VR) ,maximum intensity projection(MIP) and curved planar reformation(CPR). Each group was divided into control group and cxperimential group randomly, using normal pitch and revised pitch respectively, and the imaging quality and influencing factons were analyzed among the four groups. Results There was significant difference in imaging quality among the four groups (P < 0.05). Each group had difference in imaging quality with normal pitch and revised pitch. Conclusions The revised pitch helps to improve the imaging quality and meet the demand of diagnosis.     

调整螺距对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

Objective To investigate the impact of imaging quality of pitch on coronary CT angiography (CTA) with 64-detector row CT. Methods 566 patients were divided into four groups according to heart rate (≤ 50,51-70,71 ～ 80 and ≥ 80 bpm). Three dimensional reconstructions were used such as volume rendering (VR) ,maximum intensity projection(MIP) and curved planar reformation(CPR). Each group was divided into control group and cxperimential group randomly, using normal pitch and revised pitch respectively, and the imaging quality and influencing factons were analyzed among the four groups. Results There was significant difference in imaging quality among the four groups (P < 0.05). Each group had difference in imaging quality with normal pitch and revised pitch. Conclusions The revised pitch helps to improve the imaging quality and meet the demand of diagnosis.     

调整螺距对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

Objective To investigate the impact of imaging quality of pitch on coronary CT angiography (CTA) with 64-detector row CT. Methods 566 patients were divided into four groups according to heart rate (≤ 50,51-70,71 ～ 80 and ≥ 80 bpm). Three dimensional reconstructions were used such as volume rendering (VR) ,maximum intensity projection(MIP) and curved planar reformation(CPR). Each group was divided into control group and cxperimential group randomly, using normal pitch and revised pitch respectively, and the imaging quality and influencing factons were analyzed among the four groups. Results There was significant difference in imaging quality among the four groups (P < 0.05). Each group had difference in imaging quality with normal pitch and revised pitch. Conclusions The revised pitch helps to improve the imaging quality and meet the demand of diagnosis.