1,25(OH)2D3对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸肾病大鼠足细损伤的保护作用

目的 观察1,25(OH)2D3对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸肾病（PAN）大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用并探讨可能的作用机制。方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（NC）、PNA组（PAN）和1,25(OH)2D3治疗组（T）。一次性尾静脉注射PAN 100mg/kg体重建立PAN肾病动物模型。于3、7、14、21d分批处死动物,分别检测不同时间点24h尿蛋白和肾功能,PAS染色和透射电镜观察肾组织学改变,RT-PCR、免疫组化、western-blot分别检测nephrin,BMP-7, p-Smad1/5/8的表达。结果①PAN大鼠24h尿蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐均高于同期的NC组,且足细胞足突增宽融合;T组各时间段24h尿蛋白和肾功能较PAN组显著降低（P<0.05）,肾脏病理改变减轻。②与NC组比PAN大鼠nephrin表达减少并由正常的沿毛细血管襻线状分布向颗粒状、团快状改变。T组大鼠nephrin的表达显著增强且保持着正常的沿毛细血管襻线状分布。③PAN组BMP-7 mRNA和蛋白的表达以及p-Smad1/5/8的表达均低于NC组;T组BMP-7 mRNA和蛋白的表达以及p-Smad1/5/8的表达显著升高。结论 1,25(OH)2D3能有效的抑制嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸诱导的足细胞损伤,减少蛋白尿; 1,25(OH)2D3对足细胞损伤的保护作用可能与调控BMP-7信号的活化有关。     

SRT1720对实验性肾病大鼠足细胞的保护作用

目的:探讨沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1,SIRT1)激活剂SRT1720对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷肾病(puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis,PAN)大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用?方法:雄性SD大鼠一次性腹腔注射150 mg/kg嘌呤霉素氨基核苷建立PAN肾病大鼠模型,设正常对照组?模型组?SRT1720治疗组[模型组大鼠给予SRT1720 100 mg/(kg?d)灌胃]?Bradford法检测大鼠的24 h尿蛋白总量;应用透射电镜观察足细胞超微结构;实时定量RT-PCR?Western blot 检测足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白Nephrin及Podocin的表达?结果:①与正常对照组相比,PAN注射后第3天,模型组大鼠尿蛋白的排泄量开始增加(P < 0.01),至第7天达最高峰,尿蛋白总量达259.73 mg/24 h;SRT1720治疗组在治疗3 d后尿蛋白明显降低(P < 0.01),第7天则降到52.47 mg/24 h;②模型组大鼠血清白蛋白显著降低[(22.14 ± 3.05)g/L]而胆固醇则显著升高[(7.03 ± 1.64)mmol/L],SRT1720治疗后显著提高模型组大鼠血清白蛋白水平[(35.48 ± 3.96)g/L]并降低胆固醇水平[(2.81 ± 0.41)mmol/L];③透射电镜结果显示模型组大鼠肾小球足细胞足突广泛融合?消失,SRT1720治疗显著减轻足细胞足突的融合;④与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠肾组织中Nephrin和Podocin核酸和蛋白表达均显著降低,SRT1720治疗组肾组织中Nephrin和Podocin表达显著上调,能够恢复到正常组的85%~90%?结论:SRT1720能够降低PAN大鼠蛋白尿,改善低蛋白血症和高胆固醇血症,并明显减轻足细胞损伤?     

嘌呤霉素氨基核苷肾病肾脏中RANK-RANKL的表达

目的探讨RANK-RANKL在嘌呤霉素氨基核苷肾病（PAN）大鼠动物模型肾脏中的表达。方法36只SD大鼠被分配为
PAN组及对照组,单次静脉注射嘌呤霉素氨基核苷（PA,100 mg/kg）制作PAN动物模型。大鼠于第3、7、14天检测蛋白尿及血肌
酐。检测肾脏病理,并分析RANK和RANKL变化。结果（1）在PAN SD大鼠动物模型中,第3、7、14天时蛋白尿与对照组比较
有显著差别,第7天达到高峰;（2）用Western blotting及RT-PCR定量检测发现RANK-RANKL蛋白及mRNA在PAN模型组高
于对照组;（3）用激光共聚焦技术显示足细胞标记蛋白Synaptopodin与RANK完全重合,提示RANK主要在足细胞表达;（4）免
疫电镜发现RANK在PAN模型组明显增多,且主要定位于足突的顶部胞膜和胞质内。结论在PAN SD大鼠动物模型足细胞异
常表达RANK-RANKL,提示RANK及RANKL在足细胞损伤中可能发挥重要作用。     

足细胞分子分布和表达与足突形态变化和蛋白尿发生的关系

目的:探讨裂孔隔膜分子nephrin、podocin和足细胞骨架蛋白α-actinin及足突形态变化与蛋白尿发生的关系.方法:建立嘌呤霉素(PAN)大鼠肾病模型,用体视学方法检测足突形态改变;用免疫荧光染色、图像分析和实时定量PCR方法动态观察PAN注射后不同时间点各分子蛋白及mRNA表达量及分布变化.结果:蛋白尿出现前,PAN注射2 d时,足突肿胀、nephrin和podocin分布改变、podocin蛋白减低;5 d时,上述改变进一步加重、nephnn 蛋白及mRNA表达量下降.第10天尿蛋白显著升高[(130.8±30.7)mg/d,P=0.02],足突弥漫融合、nephrin和podocin分布明显异常、蛋白表达量显著减低、mRNA表达量回复至对照组水平.蛋白尿恢复时,足突形态学指标明显恢复、podocin蛋白水平回复至对照组水平、nephrin蛋白水平仍低于对照组、α-actinin蛋白水平显著增加伴分布异常.nephrin和podocin蛋白表达量与足突体积密度呈负相关(rnephrin=-0.78,P=0.000 1;rpodocin=-0.76,P=0.000 1).结论:足突肿胀、足细胞分子nephrin、podocin分布异常及podocin蛋白表达量减低发生在蛋白尿发生前,提示nephrin和podocin的分布及表达量变化和足突形态变化与蛋白尿的发生密切相关.     

1,25(OH)_2D_3对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸肾病大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 观察1,25(OH)2 D3 对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸肾病(PAN)大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用并探讨可能的作用机制.方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC)、PNA组(PAN)和1,25(OH)2D3治疗组(T).一次性尾静脉注射PAN 100 mg/kg体重建立PAN肾病动物模型.于3、7、14、21d分批处死动物,分别检测不同时间点24 h尿蛋白和肾功能,PAS染色和透射电镜观察肾组织学改变,RT-PCR、免疫组化、western-blot分别检测nephrin,BMP-7,p-Smau1/5/8的表达.结果 (1)PAN大鼠24 h尿蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐均高于同期的NC组,且足细胞足突增宽融合;T组各时间段24 h尿蛋白和肾功能较PAN组显著降低(P＜0.05),肾脏病理改变减轻.(2)与NC组比PAN大鼠nephrin表达减少并由正常的沿毛细血管襻线状分布向颗粒状、团快状改变.T组大鼠nephrin的表达显著增强且保持着正常的沿毛细血管襻线状分布.(3)PAN组BMP-7 mRNA和蛋白的表达以及p-Smaa1/5/8的表达均低于NC组;T组BMP-7 mRNA和蛋白的表达以及p-smad1/5/8的表达显著升高.结论 1,25(OH)2 D3能有效的抑制嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸诱导的足细胞损伤,减少蛋白尿;1,25(OH)2D3对足细胞损伤的保护作用可能与调控BMP-7信号的活化有关.     

雷帕霉素对PAN肾病小鼠肾脏病变和VEGF及受体表达的影响

目的 探讨雷帕霉素对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷(PAN)肾病模型小鼠肾脏病变和肾小球VEGF及受体(VEGFR)表达的影响.方法 24只BALB/c小鼠随机分为PAN 组(单次尾静脉注射PAN造模,n=8)、雷帕霉素干预组(单次尾静脉注射PAN造模+雷帕霉素干预,n=8)和对照组(单次尾静脉注射PBS,n=8).各组动物留取24 h尿液,BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定24 h尿蛋白排泄量.于造模后第10天处死动物取肾脏制备肾组织标本,透射电子显微镜观察各组肾小球足突结构改变;分别采用Real-time PCR、Western b1otting和免疫组织化学方法检测各组肾组织VEGF、VEGFRI、VEGFR2 mRNA以及VEGF、VEGFR2蛋白表达.结景24 h尿蛋白排泄量为PAN组>雷帕霉素干预组>对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).电子显微镜观察发现PAN 组肾小球上皮细胞足突广泛融合.各组肾组织VEGF、VEGFRI、VEGFR2 mRNA及蛋白表达为PAN组>雷帕霉素干预组>对照组(P<0.05),且各组VEGF、VEGFRI、VEGFR2 mRNA及VEGF蛋白表达与24 h尿蛋白排泄量呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 雷帕霉素能减轻PAN肾病小鼠蛋白尿的程度,作用机制可能与下调肾小球VEGF及其受体基因表达有关.     

足细胞超微结构及其相关分子表达变化在糖尿病肾病发病中的作用

目的:探讨足细胞超微结构改变及其相关分子表达变化在糖尿病肾病(DN)发病中的作用.方法:将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组和糖尿病肾病大鼠模型组,于第4,8周检测24h尿蛋白量等生化指标、用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法检测肾皮质nephrin,podocin蛋白及mRNA表达,用透射电镜检测足细胞超微结构变化.结果:糖尿病肾病大鼠24h尿蛋白排泄增多(P＜0.01),第4周即发现足细胞数减少、足突增宽(均P＜0.01),nephrin,podocin蛋白及其mRNA表达均减少(均P＜0.01);24h尿蛋白排泄量与nephrin和podocin蛋白表达呈负相关(均P＜0.01).结论:糖尿病肾病大鼠早期即出现足细胞数减少、足突增宽及nephrin和podocin表达均减少,随着病变加重,这种变化愈明显.足细胞病变不仅导致大量蛋白尿的发生,而且还与肾小球硬化和肾功能损伤的发生有关.     

CD2AP在大鼠肾病模型中的表达及意义

目的：观察CD2-associated protein(CD2AP)在大鼠氨基核苷肾病模型。肾小球中的表达变化及其意义。方法：通过建立大鼠氨基核苷肾病模型，采用免疫组织化学技术观察CD2AP在不同时间点。肾病模型大鼠。肾小球中的表达和分布变化。结果：①。肾小球足细胞CD2AP的表达在。肾病模型建立的早期即有下调；在大鼠肾病模型蛋白尿的高峰期，CD2AP的表达明显下降；在肾病模型大鼠的疾病恢复期，CD2AP的表达逐步恢复正常；②肾小球足细胞CD2AP表达量的变化与肾病模型大鼠24h尿蛋白定量的变化存在着负相关。结论：①CD2AP是判断。肾小球足细胞损伤的一个早期重要指标；②CD2AP在足细胞中表达量的改变可能是肾小球滤过屏障功能异常的病理生理基础。     

雷帕霉素对PAN肾病小鼠肾脏病变和VEGF及受体表达的影响

目的 探讨雷帕霉素对嘌呤霉素氨基核苷（PAN）肾病模型小鼠肾脏病变和肾小球VEGF及受体（VEGFR）表达的影响.方法 24只BALB/c小鼠随机分为PAN 组（单次尾静脉注射PAN造模,n=8）、雷帕霉素干预组（单次尾静脉注射PAN造模＋雷帕霉素干预,n=8）和对照组（单次尾静脉注射PBS,n=8）.各组动物留取24 h尿液,BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定24 h尿蛋白排泄量.于造模后第10天处死动物取肾脏制备肾组织标本,透射电子显微镜观察各组肾小球足突结构改变;分别采用Real-time PCR、Western b1otting和免疫组织化学方法检测各组肾组织VEGF、VEGFRI、VEGFR2 mRNA以及VEGF、VEGFR2蛋白表达.结景24 h尿蛋白排泄量为PAN组〉雷帕霉素干预组〉对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.电子显微镜观察发现PAN 组肾小球上皮细胞足突广泛融合.各组肾组织VEGF、VEGFRI、VEGFR2 mRNA及蛋白表达为PAN组〉雷帕霉素干预组〉对照组（P〈0.05）,且各组VEGF、VEGFRI、VEGFR2 mRNA及VEGF蛋白表达与24 h尿蛋白排泄量呈正相关（P〈0.05）.结论 雷帕霉素能减轻PAN肾病小鼠蛋白尿的程度,作用机制可能与下调肾小球VEGF及其受体基因表达有关.     

锰苯甲酸卟啉在嘌呤霉素氨基核苷诱导的大鼠肾脏病模型中的作用

目的:探讨超氧化物歧化酶类似物锰苯甲酸卟啉(MnTBAP)在嘌呤霉素氨基核苷(puromycin aminonucleoside,PAN)诱导的大鼠肾脏病模型中的作用?方法:24只雄性SD大鼠按照每组8只随机分为正常对照组?模型组(一次性尾静脉注射150 mg/kg PAN建立PAN诱导的大鼠肾脏病模型)?MnTBAP治疗组[造模大鼠于造模当天开始腹腔注射MnTBAP 10 mg/(kg·d),共给药14 d]?收集大鼠24 h尿液,Bradford法检测24 h尿蛋白总量;应用透射电镜观察肾小球足细胞的超微结构;实时荧光定量PCR法在mRNA水平检测足细胞裂孔隔膜蛋白Nephrin和Podocin的表达量;Western blot在蛋白质水平检测Nephrin和Podocin的表达量?结果:①与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠的24 h尿蛋白总量明显升高(P < 0.01),肾脏指数升高(P < 0.01);MnTBAP治疗后大鼠24 h尿蛋白总量较模型组下降(P < 0.01),肾脏指数较模型组下降(P < 0.01);②透射电镜观察结果表明,模型组大鼠的肾小球足细胞足突出现广泛融合甚至消失,MnTBAP治疗后这种现象得以改善;③实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,模型组大鼠肾皮质Nephrin和Podocin的mRNA表达较正常对照组降低(P < 0.01),MnTBAP治疗组Nephrin和Podocin的mRNA表达较模型组增加(P < 0.01);④Western blot结果显示,模型组大鼠肾皮质Nephrin和Podocin蛋白的表达较正常对照组降低(P < 0.01),MnTBAP治疗组Nephrin和Podocin蛋白的表达较模型组增加(P < 0.01)?结论:MnTBAP可以降低PAN诱导的肾病大鼠的蛋白尿,并明显减轻足细胞损伤?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.