华支睾吸虫3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的克隆、表达和序列分析

目的 通过筛选华支睾吸虫成虫cDNA质粒文库，寻找、识别新基因，并将其编码区克隆到原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-1中，表达出融合蛋白，为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法用文库通用引物对华支睾吸虫cDNA质粒文库进行PCR扩增，对产物为500bp以上的质粒进行测序，测序结果在NCBI和ExPasy，网站上进行序列分析，识别华支睾吸虫新基因，并应用ORFfind、ClustalW、NCBI Conserved Domain Search等程序对其进行开放阅读框、进化树及结构域分析。根据pGEX-4T-1上的多克隆位点及所发现的新基因cDNA编码序列设计引物，进行PCR扩增，扩增产物回收纯化后克隆到原核表达载体pGEx-4T-1上。构建的重组表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定，并对鉴定过的重组体进行诱导表达，表达产物经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定。结果 发现CsGAPDH基因，完整阅读框含1017个碱基对，编码339个氨基酸，理论分子质量单位为37．02409ku，理论pI为6．66。序列分析显示，CsGAPDH与曼氏血吸虫GAPDH的同源性为78％，具有GAPDH保守功能域。所构建的重组原核表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定与目标基因相符。SDS-PAGE电泳显示表达产物在63ku处有1条特异性条带。结论 发现华支睾吸虫GAPDH基因，成功构建重组原核表达质粒并表达出融合蛋白。     

华支睾吸虫成虫RPEF基因的克隆和表达

目的　构建华支睾吸虫成虫RNA聚合酶Ⅱ延长因子 (RPEF)基因重组质粒 ,分析其编码序列 ,并进行大肠杆菌原核重组表达和免疫鉴定。方法　根据RPEF基因已知序列设计一对引物 ,用常规PCR技术从华支睾吸虫质粒文库模板中扩增RPEF基因片段 ;将目的基因PCR产物和空质粒 pGEX 4T 1同时用BamHⅠ和SalⅠ限制性内切酶双酶切 ,纯化回收后建立连接反应并转化大肠杆菌BL2 1。将构建的重组质粒pGEX 4T 1 RPEF双酶切、PCR、测序鉴定正确后在BL2 1中诱导表达 ,SDS PAGE电泳和Western blot方法鉴定其原核表达效果。结果　成功构建出RPEF基因原核重组质粒 pGEX 4T 1 RPEF。SDS PAGE分析显示RPEF基因在大肠杆菌BL2 1系统中得以高效表达 ,其融合蛋白分子量大约 4 5kD ,与理论值相符。Western blot的结果显示此RPEF融合蛋白可被山羊GST单抗所识别 ,融合蛋白具有GST免疫反应性。结论　筛选到华支睾吸虫RNA聚合酶Ⅱ延长因子 (RPEF)基因 ,并成功构建原核表达载体及在E .coliBL2 1系统中高效表达。     

华支睾吸虫溶血磷脂酶基因的识别、克隆和序列分析

目的　筛选cDNA文库识别华支睾吸虫新基因 ,并将所发现的华支睾吸虫溶血磷脂酶 (csLysoPLAH)基因编码区克隆到原核表达质粒PGEX 4T 1和真核表达质粒pcDNA3上 ,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。　方法　对华支睾吸虫cDNA文库进行随机筛选并测序 ,在NCBI和ExPasy网站上进行序列分析 ,识别华支睾吸虫新基因 ,并应用Motifsan、NCBIConservedDomainSearch等程序对其进行结构域分析。根据PGEX 4T 1和 pcDNA3上的克隆位点及所发现的csLysoPLAHcDNA编码序列设计引物 ,进行PCR扩增 ,扩增产物回收纯化后克隆到原核表达载体PGEX 4T 1和真核表达载体 pcDNA3上。构建的PGEX 4T 1 csLysoPLAH、pcDNA3 csLysoPLAH重组表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序证实。　结果　发现csLysoPLAH基因 ,完整阅读框含 70 8个碱基 ,编码 2 3 5个氨基酸 ,理论分子质量为 2 5 .2 62 8ku ,理论pI为6.0 3。序列分析表明 ,csLysoPLAH编码氨基酸序列与其它物种有较高的同源性 ,csLysoPLAH具有磷脂酶 /羧酸酯酶保守功能域和完整的脂酶保守功能域 ,并含有丝氨酸酯酶特征性的标签肽 (即GXSXG)。所构建的重组原核和真核表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序证实与目标基因相符。　结论　发现华支睾吸虫溶血磷脂酶基因 ,并成功构建原核和真核重组表达质粒。     

华支睾吸虫溶血磷脂酶基因的识别、克隆和序列分析

目的筛选cDNA文库识别华支睾吸虫新基因，并将所发现的华支睾吸虫溶血磷脂酶(csLysoPLAH)基因编码区克隆到原核表达质粒PGEX-4T-1和真核表达质粒pcDNA3上，为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法对华支睾吸虫cDNA文库进行随机筛选并测序，在NCBI和ExPasy网站上进行序列分析，识别华支睾吸虫新基因，并应用Motifsan、NCBI Conserved Domain Search等程序对其进行结构域分析。根据PGEX-4T-1和pcDNA3上的克隆位点及所发现的csLysoPLAH cDNA编码序列设计引物，进行PCR扩增，扩增产物回收纯化后克隆到原核表达载体PGEX-4T-1和真核表达载体pcDNA3上。构建的PGEX-4T-1-csLysoPLAH、pcDNA3-csLysoPLAH重组表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序证实。结果发现csLysoPLAH基因，完整阅读框含708个碱基，编码235个氨基酸，理论分子质量为25．2628ku，理论pI为6．03。序列分析表明，csLysoPLAH编码氨基酸序列与其它物种有较高的同源性，csLysoPLAH具有磷脂酶／羧酸酯酶保守功能域和完整的脂酶保守功能域，并含有丝氨酸酯酶特征性的标签肽(即GXSXG)。所构建的重组原核和真核表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序证实与目标基因相符。结论发现华支睾吸虫溶血磷脂酶基因，并成功构建原核和真核重组表达质粒。     

华支睾吸虫3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因的扩增、克隆及表达

目的　构建编码华支睾吸虫3磷酸甘油酸激酶基因的原核表达载体,并分析其在大肠埃希菌中的表达。　方法　用Trizol法从华支睾吸虫 3成虫体内提取总RNA,并将其反转录成cDNA。根据华支睾吸虫磷酸甘油酸激酶的已知基因,利用DNAclub和PCRdesign软件设计合成一对特异引物 ,从合成的cDNA中,用PCR技术扩增出目的片段。将目的片段和原核表达载体同时双酶切后连接,重组体转入JM109大肠埃希菌,用双酶切、PCR和测序筛选阳性克隆。挑选1个阳性菌落,用异丙基βD硫代半乳糖苷诱导表达,表达产物进行十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDSPAGE)鉴定。　结果　用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术扩增出1条1248bp大小的片段,PCR产物测序鉴定正确;转化后得到10个克隆,双酶切、PCR扩增鉴定,其中6个为阳性克隆;表达产物用SDS PAGE鉴定,在相对分子质量70000处有1条与理论预测的融合蛋白大小相一致的特异条带。　结论　成功构建重组原核表达载体pGEX4T1PGK,所表达的蛋白为含有谷胱甘肽的融合蛋白     

华支睾吸虫表膜相关蛋白基因的扩增、序列分析和克隆

目的识别华支睾吸虫新基因,并将所发现的华支睾吸虫表膜相关蛋白(tegumental protein ofClonorchis sinensis,CsTP)的cDNA序列克隆到原核载体中,为进一步的研究奠定基础。方法对华支睾cDNA质粒文库进行随机筛选并测序,用在线生物信息学工具进行序列分析,识别CsTP基因,并对其进行同源性、物理性质及结构分析。设计引物,从华支睾cD-NA质粒文库中扩增目的基因cDNA序列,并构建原核重组质粒,相同引物从华支睾吸虫基因组中扩增出CsTP的DNA序列。结果发现CsTP基因,其cDNA完整阅读框含555个碱基,编码184个氨基酸,理论分子量为20.7kDa;其DNA序列含1393个碱基,含有3个外显子、2个内含子。序列分析表明,CsTP蛋白与其它物种的表皮蛋白或膜相关蛋白有一定的同源性。所构建的重组原核表达质粒PGEX-4T-1-CsTP经PCR、双酶切及测序证实与目的基因相符。结论发现华支睾吸虫表膜相关蛋白基因,成功构建其重组原核表达质粒为进一步研究该基因的功能提供了条件。     

日本血吸虫再感染相关蛋白基因的克隆和原核表达

目的　从日本血吸虫 (S .japonicum )尾蚴文库扩增S .japonicum再感染相关蛋白 (RIRP)基因 ,进行克隆并原核表达出RIRP ,为进一步的功能研究奠定基础。　方法　根据已登陆的S .japonicum成虫期RIRP基因的序列设计两条特异引物 ,以S .japonicum尾蚴cDNA文库为模板扩增RIRP基因cDNA ,将该基因的cDNA克隆入原核表达载体 pGEX 4T 1和真核载体 pcD NA3 .1。转化的克隆通过氨苄青霉素的筛选、PCR扩增、双酶切和最后的测序鉴定。重组的 pGEX 4T 1/RIRP在大肠埃希菌BL2 1(DE3 )中进行表达。SDS PAGE鉴定其在大肠埃希菌中的表达情况和分子质量。用抗 2 6kuGST单抗作western杂交进一步鉴定融合蛋白的表达。　结果　从S .japonicum尾蚴文库中扩增出一条长为 462bp的cDNA片段 ,经测序证实其为RIRP基因的全长cDNA。它编码含 15 3个氨基酸的蛋白质—RIRP ,预测其分子质量单位为 17.5 45ku。RIRPcDNA已被成功克隆入 pGEX 4T 1和pcDNA3 .1载体 ,大肠埃希菌BL2 1(DE3 )编码一个约 17ku的蛋白质。　结论　RIRP基因首次从S .japonicum尾蚴文库中扩增出来 ,并成功构建了原核和真核表达载体 ,而且 ,它首次由大肠埃希菌表达 ,表达蛋白的分子质量单位约 17ku。     

华支睾吸虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因的扩增、克隆和表达(英文)

华支睾吸虫病严重危害着人们的身体健康 ,研制快速诊断试剂盒对于华支睾吸虫病的防治显得非常重要。目前 ,市场上销售的快速诊断试剂盒 ,其诊断抗原主要来自华支睾吸虫成虫的粗抗原 ,抗原敏感性高 ,特异性却不高 ,所以寻找并生产基因工程重组抗原有着非常重要的意义。半胱氨酸蛋白酶是一类含有半胱氨酸残基的蛋白水解酶 ,多种寄生虫都能产生或分泌半胱氨酸蛋白酶 ,它对寄生虫的生存、发育以及在寄生虫与宿主的相互关系上均有着极其重要的作用。越来越多的科研工作者开始重视它的免疫诊断价值 ,本文研究的目的是为华支睾吸虫快速诊断试剂盒寻找基因工程重组抗原。我们根据已知华支睾吸虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因序列设计一对引物 ,用文库构建试剂盒提取总RNA ,并反转录成cDNA ,以cDNA为模板 ,通过PCR技术从cDNA中扩增出目的基因。PCR产物通过测序鉴定 ,用工具酶BamHI和XholI同时消化目的基因和pGEX - 4T - 1原核表达载体 ,消化后的产物用连接酶连接 ,构建成 pGEX - 4T - 1-CP重组体 ,并将其转入Jm10 9大肠杆菌中。用PCR初步筛选阳性克隆 ,共获得阳性克隆 8个 ,再用双酶切和测序进一步鉴定初步筛选的阳性克隆。挑取阳性克隆 ,37℃条件下用IPTG诱导重组体表达 ,表达产物通过SDS -PAGE电泳鉴定。通过上述实验 ,获     

华支睾吸虫Rap2B样基因的生物信息学分析及其克隆、表达

目的从华支睾吸虫cDNA文库中筛选Rap2B样基因并分析其结构和功能,初步进行克隆和表达纯化,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法利用多种生物信息学分析软件,分析华支睾吸虫Rap2B蛋白的拓扑学结构、生物学和免疫学功能特征。设计引物,从华支睾cDNA质粒文库中扩增目的基因cDNA序列,构建原核重组质粒并初步表达纯化。结果华支睾吸虫Rap2B样基因长度为847bp,其全长编码序列为426bp,编码141个氨基酸,理论分子量是15851.1。重组的原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)-Rap2B经PCR、双酶切及DNA测序结果均表明重组质粒构建成功。该基因在大肠杆菌中能高效表达。经His亲和层析柱获得了纯化的重组蛋白,Western blotting证实Rap2B重组蛋白能被感染华支睾吸虫的大鼠血清识别。结论华支睾吸虫Rap2B蛋白经生物信息学预测为ras原癌基因家族成员,可能在华支睾吸虫致癌过程中有一定作用。该基因可在原核表达系统中高效表达,并得到了纯化的重组蛋白,为进一步研究该蛋白的功能以及在致病尤其是可能促发肿瘤的作用方面奠定一定基础。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.