内镜下食管支架置入术57例临床分析

目的内镜下治疗食管癌性狭窄及食管气管瘘的疗效分析。方法对57例因食管癌并发癌性狭窄及食管瘘患者采用内镜下放置自膨式覆膜金属支架,其中晚期食管贲门癌性狭窄42例,食管癌放疗后狭窄5例,食管气管瘘4例,术后吻合口狭窄4例及术后吻合口瘘2例。结果 57例病例支架均一次置入成功,未发生与操作有直接关系的并发症,其中除一例食管癌术后并发食管气管瘘患者在支架置入术后短期出现严重DSS(食管支架植入术后贴壁不良综合征),其余患者吞咽困难及呛咳症状均立即得到不同程度改善,随访1~24个月,其中有34例患者死于晚期肿瘤进展,18例出现再次狭窄,2例出现因支架磨损或病情发展所致食管瘘。结论内镜下食管支架置入能显著缓解因食管狭窄所致的吞咽困难和呛咳并减轻痛苦,提高患者生活质量。     

全覆膜可回收支架在常见食管狭窄病变中的临床应用

【目的】探讨全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变的方法及疗效。【方法】采用全覆膜可回收支架（个性化设计）治疗食管狭窄病变107例,其中食管恶性肿瘤59例,食管恶性肿瘤合并瘘2例,食管癌术后恶性狭窄1例,食管癌术后吻合口良性狭窄12例,镍钛记忆合金支架后上端组织增生致狭窄1例,食管癌术后吻合口狭窄并瘘11例,贲门失弛缓症11例,化学性食管狭窄6例,放疗术后致食管狭窄3例,食管间质瘤致食管狭窄1例。吞咽困难症状按Stooler分级术前、术后30d评分。【结果】所有的食管狭窄病变支架置入后均能顺利恢复进食,生活质量明显提高,吞咽困难症状按Stooler分级评分术后总有效率为95．3％。【结论】全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变具有疗效好、创伤小、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广运用。     

介入治疗食管癌术后吻合口瘘及狭窄的临床价值

目的探讨带膜支架及生物蛋白胶治疗食管癌术后吻合口瘘的临床效果。方法14例患者,其中吻合口瘘合并狭窄1例,单纯吻合口狭窄11例,单纯吻合口瘘2例,植入进口支架4个,国产支架8个,对于单纯吻合口瘘患者全部采用生物蛋白胶进行粘堵。结果11例单纯食管狭窄患者支架植入后,进食情况明显改善,1例食管狭窄合并食管瘘患者,支架植入后瘘口立即消失。2例单纯吻合口瘘口少于3mm一次性粘堵成功,一例瘘口大于5mm患者分两次粘堵成功。结论食管内支架植入及生物蛋白胶是缓解食管癌术后吻合口狭窄、修补食管吻合口瘘的一种良好方法,其简单、安全、近期疗效显著,且无严重的并发症。     

食管记忆金属支架置入食管狭窄及食管、吻合口瘘60例

回顾性分析1995-01/2008-06武警江苏总队医院收治的恶性狭窄及食管、吻合口瘘患者60例,男46例,女14例,年龄36～77岁.均经过病理学确诊,鳞状细胞癌50例,腺癌8例,鳞腺癌2例.60例患者中,食管癌狭窄、食管-贲门癌狭窄33例,食管癌狭窄合并瘘20例,术后食管-胃吻合口与胸腔瘘7例,单发瘘22例,多发瘘5例.全部患者均采用记忆钛镍合金食管加膜支架置入治疗.58例成功置入支架的患者中,21例进食不当造成支架阻塞,经胃镜取出异物后症状缓解,3例移位,在内镜下取出后再次置入,7例3个月后癌肿组织长入管腔造成再狭窄.5例多发性瘘患者中有3例再次置入支架,形成2个支架套叠,成功堵漏.33例食管癌狭窄、食管-贲门癌狭窄中,26例接受了放射治疗加或不加化学治疗,平均生存时间24个月.20例食管癌狭窄合并瘘的患者置入后平均生存时间6个月.7例置入后食管-胃吻合口与胸腔瘘的 患者平均生存时间3个月.60例患者中胸骨后疼痛42例,2例疼痛不能耐受取出支架:食管反流20例;未发生出血、穿孔、败血症.提示食管记忆金属支架治疗食管恶性狭窄或食管、吻合口瘘有效,生物相容性好.     

全覆膜可取出支架在食管良恶性狭窄中的应用

[目的]探讨全覆膜可取出个体化设计支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的方法及疗效.[方法]采用国产全覆膜可取出个体化设计支架治疗食管恶性肿瘤18例;食管癌术后吻合口瘘8例;化学性烧伤3例;贲门失弛缓2例;医源性食管穿孔3例;食管癌术后吻合口非肿瘤复发性狭窄4例.[结果]所有的食管良恶性狭窄支架置入后均能顺利恢复进食.18例食管恶性肿瘤患者中没有出现术后再狭窄;8例食管癌术后吻合口瘘患者堵瘘均成功;3例医源性食管穿孔堵瘘成功,术后3个月取出支架,避免了外科手术治疗.[结论]个体化设计全覆膜可取出支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄疾病具有疗效确切,应用范围广,后续问题少的优点.但其是否存在食管黏膜组织增生,以及增生所致再狭窄的时间;如何更有效地防止支架脱落移位,良性狭窄支架取出的最佳时期的确定,还有待进一步临床观察.     

食管带膜支架治疗恶性食管及贲门病变的效果观察

目的 探讨食管带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌、贲门癌及肿瘤手术后复发引起的食管狭窄、食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘的效果.方法 对72例晚期食管癌、贲门癌食管狭窄、食管气管瘘以及食管纵隔瘘的患者进行自膨式镍钛记忆合金网状带膜管形支架置入术治疗.结果 72例支架置入过程均顺利,术后吞咽困难症状明显改善,近期进食梗阻缓解率为100％.食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘的患者瘘口封堵完全,进食呛咳、吞咽困难等症状消失.结论 食管内带膜支架置入术是恶性食管、贲门病变患者良好的姑息性治疗手段.     

自膨式金属内支架置入术治疗食管梗阻的护理

食管自膨式金属内支架置入(SEMS)术,是近年来应用于临床介入治疗的一项新技术。主要是用于晚期食管癌伴有严重吞咽困难、食管癌并发食管气管瘘、食管癌术后吻合口肿瘤复发、食管癌放化疗后狭窄以及肺癌,转移性肿瘤等累及食管致严重梗阻的患者[1]。因其效果显著、安全性高、创伤     

金属内支架在治疗食管狭窄及食管瘘中的临床应用

目的 探计应用金属内支架在治疗食管良、恶性狭窄及食管瘘在临床上的应用价值。方法 共26例患者，其中不能手术的晚期食管癌6例，食管癌放疗后引起的食管狭窄10例，手术后吻合口狭窄5例，腐蚀性食管炎2例，责门失驰症3例。合并食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘3例。全部在透视下进行，口咽局部表面麻醉。结果 全部病例均获成功，其中1例患者，支架植入后1个月有下移现象，3例术后半年发生再狭窄。结论（1）良性食管狭窄病人应慎做金属内支架植入术；（2）责门失弛缓症不宜植入永久性金属内支架；（3）不能手术的食管癌及放疗后食管狭窄，食管．气管瘘和食管-纵隔瘘的病人，金属内支架应作为首选治疗方法。     

食管带膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄

食管癌晚期、食管癌术后吻合口、食管癌放疗后均可因癌性狭窄 ,瘢痕和 (或 )复发狭窄。患者常因吞咽困难 ,恶液质后死亡。我科 1998年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月在Ｘ线电视透视下操作 ,放置食管带膜镍钛合金支架治疗恶性食管狭窄 2 1例 ,共置入支架 2 4个 ,取得了较好的近期疗效。     

被膜金属内支架治疗食管胃部癌性狭窄

目的：观察被膜金属内支架治疗食管、食管-办吻合口及贲门部癌性狭窄的疗效。材料与方法：50例患者中男性43例、女性7例，年龄最小40岁、最大84岁，平均66.6岁。食管癌39例，食管-胃吻合口复发者7例，贲门癌4例。所有病例手术操作均在X线监视下进行。结果：所有病人内支架置入术均获成功。吞咽困难症状缓解率为100％。食管纵隔或气管瘘均一次封堵成功。术后生存1年以上者15例。结论：被膜金属内支架治疗食管、吻合口及贲门部恶性狭窄在缓解症状、提高生活质量方面疗效确切，术后放、化疗可以延长生存期，该法是晚期食管癌、贲门癌的重要综合治疗手段之一。     

食管良恶性狭窄和瘘的食管支架治疗：附39例报告

评价食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄和瘘的临床疗效,探讨食管支架放置成功的影响因素。材料与方法：对３９例严重吞咽困难患者放置了食管内支架,其中男２９例,女１０例,年龄３４－８３岁,食管恶性狭窄３１例,良性狭窄７例,单纯巨大食管胸腔廉１例。     

Self-expanding metal stents in benign biliary strictures due to chronic pancreatitis

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In selected patients with chronic pancreatitis in whom conventional plastic stenting fails and in whom surgery is contraindicated or declined, insertion of a biliary self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) may be a valuable treatment option. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 1999, 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis received SEMS for benign biliary strictures (four women and nine men; mean age 56). The indications for SEMS placement were: contraindication to surgery (n = 10), presumed inoperable pancreatic carcinoma (n = 1), concomitant unresectable lung cancer (n = 1), and declined surgery (n = 1). The success of treatment was defined as adequate biliary drainage due to SEMS therapy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 50 months (range 6 days - 86 months). Nine patients (69 %) were successfully treated with SEMS therapy: a patent first SEMS (n = 5); a patent second SEMS inserted through the first SEMS (n = 3); and one patent SEMS after balloon cleaning. SEMS treatment was not successful in four patients (due to stent migration in one case and occlusion in three ). The mean patency period of the SEMS was 60 months (95 % CI, 43 months - 77 months). At 33 months, the probability of adequate biliary drainage with SEMS therapy was 75 %. CONCLUSIONS: SEMS therapy was safe and provided successful and prolonged biliary drainage in a selected group of patients with benign biliary strictures due to chronic pancreatitis in whom surgical intervention was not possible or desirable.     

Usefulness of biodegradable polydioxanone stents in the treatment of postsurgical colorectal strictures and fistulas

Benign colonic strictures and fistulas are a growing problem presenting most commonly after bowel resection. Standard treatment is with endoscopic bougies or, more usually, balloon dilation. When these approaches are not successful, other solutions are available and different endoscopic and surgical approaches have been used to treat fistulas. We present an additional option--biodegradable stents--for the treatment of colonic strictures and fistulas that have proven refractory to other endoscopic interventions. We analyzed the results from 10 patients with either a postsurgical colorectal stricture (n =7) or rectocutaneous fistula (n =3) treated with the biodegradable SX-ELLA esophageal stent (covered or uncovered). Stents were successfully placed in nine patients, although early migration subsequently occurred in one. Placement was impossible in one patient due to deformity of the area and the fact that the stricture was approximately 30cm from the anus. The fistulas were successfully closed in all patients, although symptoms reappeared in one patient. In the six patients who received stents for strictures, symptoms resolved in five; in the remaining patient, the stent migrated shortly after the endoscopy. Treatment of colonic strictures and rectocutaneous fistulas with biodegradable stents is an effective alternative in the short-to-medium term. The stent does not have to be removed and is subject to very few complications. The drawbacks of this approach are the need to repeat the procedure in some patients and the lack of published series on efficacy.     

Use of the Bard Memotherm self-expanding metal stent in the palliation of colonic obstruction

Background: Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are a recognized means of palliating large bowel obstruction due to colonic neoplasia. The literature mainly relates to the use of modified esophageal stents (expanded diameter, 18–22 mm) in the colorectum. Stent migration has been a common complication and may be related to expanded stent diameter. This series reports our experience with the Memotherm Colorectal SEMS (expanded diameter, 25–30 mm). Methods: Prospective data were collected from February 1999 to September 2000. Sixteen patients (age range = 61–99 years) were considered for the Memotherm Colorectal SEMS. Stents were inserted radiologically under fluoroscopic control. Outcome was classified as a technical success (stent in correct position and expanded) and a clinical success (colon decompressed, symptoms relieved, and bowels working). Results: Thirteen cases (81%) underwent successful SEMS placement. These were technically and clinically successful. Two cases required insertion of two overlapping stents to traverse long strictures. Three unsuccessful cases were emergency presentations in which a guidewire could not be passed across the lesion. Two of these were due to benign strictures and the third to extrinsic compression by ovarian carcinoma. Conclusion: In our experience, the Memotherm Colorectal SEMS was easy to use, was effective in the palliation of obstructing colorectal carcinoma, and appeared to reduce the risk of stent migration.     

Esophageal perforation due to removal of partially covered self-expanding metal stents placed for a benign perforation or leak

Benign esophageal perforations and anastomotic leaks can be effectively managed by stent placement. However, when partially covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are used, safe removal may be complicated. In this case series, we evaluated the complicated removal of SEMS placed for a benign esophageal perforation or leak in four patients. In all patients a partially covered SEMS was placed. After a median stent time of 29 days (range 21 - 30), the SEMS were found to have become embedded in the esophageal wall. Endoscopic removal resulted in perforation in all patients. All patients recovered uneventfully, although one patient underwent esophagectomy. If uncovered SEMS ends become embedded, removal of the stent may cause major damage to the esophageal wall. It is therefore recommended to remove embedded partially covered SEMS only after first placing a fully covered SEMS or self-expanding plastic stent inside this stent to necrotize the ingrown tissue at the uncovered stent ends.     

自膨式覆膜食管金属支架置入治疗难治性食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床分析（附8例报告）

目的 评估自膨式覆膜食管金属支架（SEMS）置入治疗难治性食管静脉曲张破裂出血（EVB）的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年9月-2022年1月该院消化内科行SEMS置入治疗的8例难治性EVB患者的临床资料。分析SEMS置入治疗难治性EVB的手术成功率、即时止血率、再出血率和并发症发生情况。结果 所有患者均成功置入SEMS，未发生食管穿孔和死亡等严重并发症，成功率为100.0%(8/8)，支架置入后，所有患者活动性出血立即停止，且24 h内未再出血，即时止血率为100.0%(8/8)。8例患者经SEMS治疗后5 d内均未再发出血，再出血率为0.0%(0/8)。所有患者术后均未出现出血加重和穿孔等严重并发症。8例患者中，有3例在术后第1、2和5天观察到支架移位，支架移位率为37.5%(3/8)。所有患者在支架取出后均未再发出血，支架移除后再出血发生率为0.0%(0/8)。结论 食管SEMS置入用于治疗难治性EVB，是一种可行、有效的止血方法，且不良事件少。值得临床推广应用。     

自膨式金属食管支架的临床应用

目的 :探讨自膨式食管支架 (Self-ExpandingMetalStent,SEMS)治疗吞咽困难患者的临床效果、适应症及并发症。方法 :收集我院安置的食管支架患者 32例之临床相关资料。以 5分法记录支架安置前后吞咽困难程度。并发症出现的时间以 30天为界。结果 :吞困难评分由安置前的 3 43降为安置后的 1 15 (P <0 . 0 5 )。食管 支气管瘘全部痊愈 (4例 )。 6例患者支架安置后发生了早期并发症 ;出血 (2例 )、胸骨后疼痛不适 (4例 )。 1例发生了远期并发症 :支架移位。结论 :自膨式食管支架安置能迅速、有效地改善吞咽困难 ,提高患者生活质量 ,延长生存期限。是否适用于良性食管梗阻尚有争议。严格掌握适应症及新型食管支架的问世 ,有望减少安置术后并发症     

全覆膜金属可回收支架在治疗食管顽固性良性狭窄中的应用价值

目的探讨全覆膜金属可回收支架治疗食管顽固性良性狭窄的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析行全覆膜金属可回收支架治疗的33例食管顽固性良性狭窄患者的临床资料,评价治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。结果 33例患者共计放置可回收支架41支,其中8例患者行二次可回收支架置入,术后均有不同程度胸痛及异物感;术后并发支架移位11例(共计14支),移位发生率34.1%(14/41);其余22例患者(共计27支支架)均于术后4~8周顺利回收。术中及术后无明显出血、穿孔等并发症发生,无支架相关死亡病例。所有患者定期参加随访(12个月),其中12例成功解除梗阻,临床缓解率为36.4%(12/33)。结论全覆膜金属可回收支架用于治疗食管顽固性良性狭窄是安全可靠的,可使部分患者成功解除梗阻,但支架移位发生率高,有待于临床进一步研究解决。     

Self-expandable metallic stents for malignant gastric outlet obstruction

Duodenal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are designed for palliation and prompt relief of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). This mini-invasive endoscopic treatment is preferable to surgery due to its lower morbidity and mortality, shorter hospitalization, and earlier symptoms relief; furthermore endoscopic enteral stenting can be performed under conscious sedation, reducing the risk of general anesthesia in these already fragile patients. The stent placement technique is well established and should be performed in referral centers with adequate materials and equipment. Duodenal stents can be covered and uncovered. Nitinol stents have almost replaced other materials, being more flexible with a satisfactory axial and radial force. Common duodenal SEMS-related complications are recurrence of GOO symptoms due to stent clogging (tissue ingrowth/overgrowth and food impaction) and stent migration. These complications can be usually managed endoscopically. Perforation and bleeding are the most severe, but rare, complications. After stent placement, malignant GOO patients usually have improvement of the GOO symptoms with good resumption of fluids and solids. Choosing the most appropriate type of stent is arduous and should be done mainly in relation to the morphological aspects of the stricture. Endoscopic duodenal SEMS placement is indicated in symptomatic GOO patients suffering from unresectable malignancy or those inoperable due to advanced age or comorbidities. The absence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and multiple small bowel strictures is a key point for the clinical success of duodenal SEMS. Almost all symptomatic malignant GOO patients are candidates for the duodenal SEMS procedure; resolution of GOO, avoiding the need for a permanent naso-gastric or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, significantly improves the patients’ quality of life and dignity, even if life expectancy is short. Endoscopic duodenal SEMS insertion, after an adequate training, is a reproducible, simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure.     

Endoskopische Palliation der malignen Magenausgangsstenose durch selbstexpandierbare Metallstents

INTRODUCTION: Malignant gastric outlet stenosis is caused by tumour obstruction and restricts the oral intake of food, resulting in a seriously reduced quality of life. Endoscopic implantation of self expanding metal stents (SEMS) can clear stenosis in the GI-tract and reestablish and preserve the passage in the GI-tract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 2001 and April 2003 seven patients with malignant gastric outlet stenosis have been treated by the implantation of SEMS. Four patients had malignant stenosis in the upper duodenum or gastric antrum, two patients had stenosis because of tumour recurrence in the efferent loop of the jejunum after gastric resection because of gastric carcinoma and one patient had an obstruction 20 cm distal of the oesophagus after gastrectomy because of gastric cancer. RESULTS: In all patients obstruction was cleared by the implantation of SEMS, and oral intake of food was possible in all patients after two days. No serious complications occurred during or after stent implantation. CONCLUSION: Stent implantation for the treatment of malignant gastric outlet stenosis is a cost effective procedure, associated with low risk and low stress for the patient, and provides excellent palliation of symptoms in patients with malignant gastric outlet stenosis.