PERCEPTIONS OF NEIGHBORHOOD PROBLEMS AND HEALTH‐RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

This article examines the association between perceptions of neighborhood problems and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a sample of New Zealand residents (n = 692). A modified version of the Neighborhood Problems Scale (originally developed by Steptoe and Feldman, 2001) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL‐BREF) were used to assess perceptions of neighborhood problems and HRQOL, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between perceptions of neighborhood problems and each of the WHOQOL‐BREF domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental HRQOL. Perceptions of neighborhood problems and gender interacted in the physical HRQOL regression; the negative association between perceived neighborhood problems and physical HRQOL was stronger for males compared with females. Neighborhood problems were also negatively predictive of psychological, social, and environmental HRQOL. Overall, our results suggest that the various aspects of well‐being may be influenced by perceptions of neighborhood problems.     

用血液流动的双弹性腔模型分析计算正常人与主动脉功能不全患者舒张期肱动脉压力的功率谱

本文借助血液流动的双弹性腔模型分析计算了正常人与主动脉功能不全患者舒张期肱动脉压力的功率谱，并与压力曲线相比较，结果表明功率谱能更明显地判别二者压力间的差异，从而为用双弹性腔模型研究心血管疾病患者舒张期动脉压力提供一个新方法。     

NEIGHBORHOOD DISORDER,PERCEPTIONS OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL CAPITAL,AND MATERNAL STRESS: EXPLORATION OF A MEDIATING MECHANISM

Stress is a critical precipitant of depression and other symptoms of mental disorder, and it is especially a concern for single mothers, given their vulnerability to various stressors. Although there is emerging research interest in parenting stress issues, few studies have examined the association between neighborhood environment and maternal stress. Even fewer studies have examined the mechanism that contributes to this relationship. Using data from a national study, the current study investigates relationships among neighborhood disorder, perceived social capital, and maternal stress among a sample of single mothers. The study finds that neighborhood disorder is positively associated with single mothers’ maternal stress, and this relationship is mediated by these mothers’ perceived social capital in the neighborhood. The findings suggest the importance of considering responsive policies and strategies to buffer the detrimental effect of problematic neighborhood environments on single mothers’ social capital, which should in turn decrease maternal stress.     

囊尾蚴胶原蛋白的提取与分析

作者首次从猪囊尾蚴中提取胶原蛋白,用紫外分光仪、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、透射电镜和ＥＬＩＳＡ等方法对猪囊尾蚴胶原蛋白进行了初步分析。表明：（１）猪囊尾蚴中含有一定量的胶原蛋白;（２）胶原蛋白主要以Ⅰ型为主,分子量在８０ｋＤａ～１３０ｋＤａ之间;（３）通过酶联免疫吸附实验,检测其抗原性。对４２例脑囊虫病患者血清ＩｇＧ抗体的检测,阳性率达８８．１％,而对３０例正常人检测结果均为阴性。说明囊尾蚴胶原蛋白对人具有很强的免疫性,其抗原决定簇可刺激机体产生特异性ＩｇＧ抗体。因此猪囊尾蚴胶原蛋白是具有很强的抗原性的一组蛋白质,有望成为囊虫病新的免疫诊断用抗原。     

不规则对象的造型与分析

本文根据不规则对象轮廓的曲率变化以及局部形心位置,提出一套建立三维模型的数学方法,为设计与分析该对象奠定良好的基础。本文已将此方法应用于医学领域的临床工程上,成功地进行了人体中最复杂的硬组织之一,全牙列下颌骨的三维实体造型与力学分析,同时也为在其他领域形状复杂对象的设计与分析提供了一条思路。     

PERCEPTIONS OF PROCEDURAL JUSTICE MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL VIOLENT CRIME DENSITY AND CRIME REPORTING INTENTIONS

Community attitudes toward the police are of increasing concern to scholars and practitioners. Although it is widely accepted that perceptions of procedural justice are influential in shaping citizens’ attitudes toward police, prior studies have not considered its relationship to crime density. To address this gap, we examined the relationship between crime density, perceptions of procedural justice, and intentions to report crimes to police using data from a demographically representative survey in an urban center widely known for exhibiting extremely high violent crime rates. We created a path model predicting perceptions of procedural justice, the likelihood of contacting police to report a crime, and the likelihood of socially interacting with police other than in relation to crime. The results indicate that independent of race and educational background, community members’ trust in police mediates the relationship between local crime density and their intentions report crimes to and otherwise interact with the police.     

卫氏并殖吸虫成虫和囊蚴抗原分析

本文报道了应用等电点聚焦电泳(IEF)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳(Dise-PAGE)和免疫电泳(IE)对卫氏并殖吸虫成虫和囊蚴抗原进行理化性质和免疫学性质分析的结果。成虫和囊蚴在理化性质方面存在许多相似组分和少数特征组分;成虫和囊蚴存在共同抗原和期特异抗原;期特异抗原大多数含糖脂蛋白,部分期特异抗原为主要血清学抗原。     

用RAPD技术对利什曼原虫kDNA、nDNA的分析

目的 :用RAPD技术分析利什曼原虫的kDNA及nDNA。方法 :用 7种随机引物扩增L .infantum和L .donovaniGS2的kDNA和nDNA ,分析扩增结果并计算两虫种间kDNA和nDNA共享度F值。结果 :7种随机引物对两虫种的kDNA、nDNA均扩增出各自特有带型。L .infantum和L .donovaniGS2两虫种间kD NA、nDNA扩增片段的F值分别为 0 2 2 7和 0 2。结论 :kDNA和nDNA均可作为利什曼原虫的RAPD扩增模板 ,这 7种引物均可用于对L .infantum和L .donovaniGS2进行RAPD分析。该两虫种kDNA、nDNA的共享度较低 ,说明二者遗传距离较远。在进行RAPD分析时 ,提取全DNA (包括kDNA和nDNA)进行扩增即可     

椎弓根的测量与力学分析

对３０具男性成人干燥椎骨椎弓根的长、高、厚，体根角及椎弓根间夹角进行了测量。发现椎弓根长自上而下呈缓慢增加趋势；椎弓根高及厚有距重力线较近的椎骨明显增大；体根角的大小与载荷在椎骨前后椎间的传递方向有关；椎弓根间夹角在颈曲最大，胸腰曲移行处最小。结果提示：不同节段椎弓根的有关测量值的差异主要与该节段椎骨距重力线远近、重心高低及脊柱曲度方向有关。     

弓形虫RH株速殖子期表达型cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

为构建弓形虫速殖子期表达的基因的完整长度cDNA文库 ,用CF 11纤维素柱快速提纯速殖子 ,以盐酸异硫氰酸胍 (AGPC)一步法抽提总RNA ,oligo dT纤维素分离mRNA后 ,用ClonTech公司的SmartTMPCRcDNA文库构建试剂盒 ,构建了弓形虫RH株的表达型文库。获得 5× 10 6个独立克隆 ,重组率为 99% ,插入片段的平均长度约为 1kb。根据已知序列设计引物 ,从cDNA文库中扩增出编码棒状体蛋白 1(ROP1)的基因 (不含编码信号肽的序列 ) ,本文库可望用于弓形虫疫苗研究的候选基因的筛选。     

肾图的计算机分析与诊断

本文用新的分析方法对肾图进行计算机处理，得到了七种新的分析参数。并用多元统计分析的方法，进行多指标综合分析判定，以达到用计算机自动分析、诊断肾图，从而提高其临床诊断价值之目的。     

血液Casson粘度和屈服应力测量及影响因素分析

本文利用ＮＸＥ－１型锥板粘度计，在２５℃条件下，由高切向低切测量２０４例正常人和病人全血七个切变率下的切应力，分别用Ｃａｓｓｏｎ图法和计算机线性回归分析，两种方法获得的Ｃａｓｓｏｎ粘度（Ｃｖ）和屈服应力（Ｃｙ）配对Ｔ检验比较，无显著性差异。另取５例正常人全血，分别由高切向低切与由低切向高切测量十二个切变率下的切应力，用计算机进行线性回归分析，不同测量过程测得Ｃｖ和Ｃｙ的值经配对Ｔ检验、有显著性差异。我们分析Ｃｖ和Ｃｙ测量过程中的影响因素，建议在临床Ｃｖ和Ｃｙ的测量中统一测量过程。     

用RAPD技术对利什曼原虫kDNA、nDNA的分析

目的:用RAPD技术分析利什曼原虫的kDNA及nDNA.方法:用7种随机引物扩增L.infantum和L.donovani GS2的kDNA和nDNA,分析扩增结果并计算两虫种间kDNA和nDNA共享度F值.结果:7种随机引物对两虫种的kDNA、nDNA均扩增出各自特有带型.L.infantum和L.donovani GS2两虫种间kDNA、nDNA扩增片段的F值分别为0.227和0.2.结论:kDNA和nDNA均可作为利什曼原虫的RAPD扩增模板,这7种引物均可用于对L.infantum和L.donovani GS2进行RAPD分析.该两虫种kDNA、nDNA的共享度较低,说明二者遗传距离较远.在进行RAPD分析时,提取全DNA(包括kDNA和nDNA)进行扩增即可.     

抗磷脂抗体作用的抗原组成成分分析研究

通过免疫印迹分析β２糖蛋白Ⅰ与抗磷脂抗体之间的关系，用抗β２ＧＰＩ抗体与硝酸经纤维膜上的β２ＧＰＩ的反主尖呈现显色沉淀线，但与ＡＣＬ阳性血清无反应沉淀线，结果表明ＡＣＬ作用的主要抗原成份不是β２ＧＰＩ。