GyneFixINIUD与McuIUD、TCu220CIUD临床对比观察

目的比较3种宫内节育器的临床效果。方法选择自愿要求放置IUD避孕而无禁忌证的已婚育龄妇女1658例，随机放置GyneFixIUD620例，McuIUD538例，TCu220CIUD500例，放置后3、6、12、24个月定期随访。结果GyneFixINIUD、McuIUD2年累计妊娠率、脱落率明显低于TCu220CIUD，比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；GyneFixINIUD、McuIUD2年累计续用率明显高于TCu220CIUD，比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05），GyneFKINIUD、McuIUD2年累计妊娠率、脱落率、续用率比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论GyneFixINIUD、McuIUD是目前较为理想的IUD，值得广泛使用。     

放置3种不同节育器的5年随访临床效果对比分析

目的：了解不同宫内节育器节育的5年临床效果。方法：在本特区妇女随机放置宫形Cu300、TCu380A和TCu220c各100例，共300例，观察5年。结果：使用5年时，三种IUD妊娠率分别为7．00％、8．00％和7．00％，三组间无显著性差异；脱落率分别为3．00％、14．00％和6．00％，TCu380A明显高于其他两种IUD（P〈0．01）：因出血疼痛取出率分别为4．00％、3．00％和5．00％，三组间无显著性差异。使用5年时，三种IUD续用率分别为81．00％、72．00％和78．00％，以宫形Cu300为高，但无统计学差异。结论：3种宫内节育器避孕效果均较好，但Cu300宫内节育器脱落率低，适合在特区人群推广使用。     

人工流产术后即时放置TCu380A、宫铜200的临床研究

目的评估人工流产术后即时放置TCu380A、宫铜200的临床效果、副作用、安全性、可接受性。方法采用前瞻性、随机对比研究方法，对100例健康、已生育的早孕妇女，由经过培训的医生以随机的方法在人工流产术后即时放置TCu380A50例（TCu380A组）、宫铜200IUD50例（宫铜200组），于放置后的1、3、6、12个月随访，以生命表法统计二种IUD的终止情况。结果使用12个月时，TCu380A、宫铜200的妊娠率均为0．0％妇女；脱落率分别为8．0、14．0％妇女，二组比较，差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；因症终止率分别为2．0、10．0％妇女，差别无显著性（P〉0．05）；续用率分别为88，0、72．0％妇女，TCu380A显著高于宫铜200（P〈0．05）。结论TCu380A、宫铜200于人工流产术后即时放置时避孕效果好、脱落率相对较低、续用率较高、安全、可接受性强、尤其是TCu380A，值得推广应用。     

吉妮宫内节育器避孕效果的临床观察

目的观察吉妮宫内节育器（Gynefix IUD）的临床避孕效果。方法将412例育龄妇女随机分成4组，分别放置吉妮、Tcu、宫型、金单4种IUD，随访12个月。观察4组的避孕效果、副反应和继续使用率。结果12个月吉妮累记继续使用率最高（95．95％），Tcu第二，两者差异不是著（P〉0．05）。较宫型、金单差异显著（P〈0．01，P〈0．01）；吉妮脱落率和带器妊娠率龄低（1．7％），与Tcu二者差异不显著（P〉0．05）。与宫型、金单相比差异显著（分别为P〈0. 05．P〈0．01）；吉妮副反应最低（1．51％），与金单、宫型差异不显著，与Tcu相比差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论吉妮是一种副反应小、脱落率低、避孕效录较理想的宫内节育器。     

人流术后放置曼月乐与新体380的临床效果比较

目的：比较曼月乐避孕系统与含铜宫内节育器新体380的避孕效果及副反应发生率。方法：将300例人流术后妇女分成2组，分别放置曼月乐组和新体380，随访12个月，对其避孕效果、副反应进行观察对比。结果：曼月乐组闭经率30％，出血率2．22％，因症取出率2．22％，带器妊娠率和过敏率均为0；新体380组出血率7．50％，带器妊娠率和过敏率均为0．83％，因症取出率8．33％，闭经率为0。两组随访期内无脱落，曼月乐组出血率及因症取出率低于新体380组（P〈0．05）。结论：两种宫内节育器均有较好的避孕效果，曼月乐优于新体380，且副反应相对较少。     

含25mg吲哚美辛MYCu宫内节育器应用的随机对照研究

目的观察释放吲哚美辛的V形含铜含药宫内节育器（MYCu1UD）的临床效果及安全性。方法采用临床多中心,按统一标准选择2000例要求使用IUD避孕的妇女,随机放置MYCuIUD与T形含铜（TCu380A）IUD各1000例,放置后1、3、6、12个月时定期随访,监测效果及安全性。结果放置12个月时,MYCuIUD组与TCu380AIUD组分别使用11985．9、11753．6个妇女月,累积继续使用率分别为97．80％、94．70％;累积带器妊娠率分别为0．10％、0．31％（P〉0．05）;累积脱落（部分脱落）率MYCuIUD组为0．10％,低于TCu380AIUD组的1．73％（P〈0．01）;累积因医疗原因[出血和（或）疼痛]取出率分别为1．51％、2．94％（P〈0．05）;与IUD使用有关的终止、总终止率两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;置器后1、3、6、12个月时不规则出血、经期延长、经量增多及疼痛的发生率含吲哚美辛的MYCuIUD组明显少于不含吲哚美辛的TCu380AIUD组（P〈0．01）。结论MYCuIUD脱落率极低,抗生育效果好,置取方便、安全,置器后不良反应小,是比较理想的IUD,应推广使用。     

放置MCu记忆合金宫内节育器临床效果观察

目的：探讨观察MCu记忆合金宫内节育器临床使用情况。方法方便选择于2012年2月—2014年12月在山东省烟台市计划生育指导中心自愿放置MCu记忆合金宫内节育器的受试者400例，进行临床效果观察。结果 MCu记忆合金宫内节育器，置器18个月MCuIUD避孕率为99.75%；不良反应发生率3个月时13.5%，18个月后降至0%。累计移位率1.25%，脱落率0.25%；累计续用率为96.25%。结论 MCu记忆合金宫内节育器，避孕有效率高、因症取出及不良反应发生率低，操作便捷，在临床使用中安全高效值得推广使用。     

两种含记忆合金新型IUD24个月临床效果观察

目的观察两种含记忆合金新型宫内节育器（intrauterine contraceptive device, IUD）的临床避孕效果。方法选择2005年10月至2007年10月间已婚育龄妇女600例,根据自愿选择原则分为两组,分另q放置活性1型IUD-Ⅱ（安舒环）301例和MCu—IUD（爱母环）299例,于置器后3、6、12、24个月进行对比性观察。结果放置满24个月时,安舒环与爱母环的脱落率分别为1．00％、2．34％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组带器妊娠率、因症取出率、续用率分别为0．33％、2．34％,1．33％、5．35％,97．01％、88．96％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。置器12个月内,安舒环不良反应发生率明显低于爱母环,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。至24个月末时,两组间不良反应率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论两种含记忆合金新型IUD均具有良好的避孕效果,尤以安舒环效果最佳,值得临床推广。     

MCu功能性宫内节育器与TCu220C的临床效果观察

目的 观察健康育龄妇女放置Mcu功能性宫内节育器的避孕效果,并与放置TCu220C组进行对照.方法 采用随机对照临床研究方法,对我站2005年1月～2006年2月自愿放置宫内节育器（IUD）的健康育龄妇女分别放置200例.结果 Mcu功能性宫内节育器放置1年的带器妊娠率、因症取出率分别为0.5%、2%.明显低于TCu220C组的4%、8%,续用率96.5%明显高于TCu220C组的85%.结论 Mcu功能性节育器的带器妊娠率、因症取出率低,续用率高.设计合理,避孕效果好,值得临床推广使用.     

吉妮环、爱母环和TCu220c三种宫内节育器的临床效果比较

目的：观察吉妮环、爱母环及TCu220c三种宫内节育器的临床避孕效果及副反应情况。方法：选取自愿放置IUD避孕而无禁忌证的妇女300人。随机分为吉妮环组、爱母环组和TCu220c组,安放IUD后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月进行随访,对其避孕效果及其术后月经量增多、经期延长、阴道不规则流血、腰腹疼痛、白带增多等情况进行比较分析。结果：三组的避孕效果比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）,但在副反应的比较中,吉妮环组较其他两组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：三种IUD中避孕效果相似,其中吉妮环出血、疼痛等副反应不明显,值得在临床广泛使用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.