抗疲劳中药制剂对游泳小鼠抗疲劳效果观察

目的观察抗疲劳中药制剂的抗疲劳效果。方法抗疲劳中药制剂由人参、刺五加、葛根、黄芪、枸杞等组成,按低、中、高剂量灌胃每天1次,连续2周,以负重游泳的方法制备疲劳模型,观察小鼠力竭性游泳时间及血糖、乳酸、尿素氮和肝糖原水平,并与正常对照组和游泳对照组比较。结果抗疲劳中药制剂3.04、.5 mg.kg-1组动物力竭性游泳时间比游泳对照组分别延长45.3%和47.7%,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。抗疲劳中药制剂3.04、.5 mg.kg-1组血糖含量分别为(5.3±0.4)mmol.L-1和(5.4±0.5)mmol.L-1,均高于游泳对照组〔(4.7±0.7)mmol.L-1〕,低于正常对照组〔(6.2±0.5)mmol.L-1〕,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);抗疲劳中药制剂3个剂量组肝糖原水平均显著高于游泳对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),血尿素氮水平下降,血乳酸水平略有升高。结论本抗疲劳中药制剂能有效维持游泳动物血糖、肝糖原水平,抑制蛋白质分解,具有一定的抗疲劳作用。     

5'-核苷酸抗疲劳作用研究

[目的]研究5'-核苷酸抗疲劳作用。[方法]160只SPF级雄性ICR小鼠,随机分为4组,设立空白对照组、5'-核苷酸低、中、高剂量组(分别为0.04g/kg.bw、0.16g/kg.bw和0.64g/kg.bw)。30d后,测定各组小鼠负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮、肝糖原、血乳酸等指标。[结果]5'-核苷酸中、高剂量组均可显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间(P﹤0.05),并减少小鼠不负重游泳前及游泳后0min和20min3个时间点血乳酸测定曲线下的面积(P﹤0.05);5'-核苷酸各剂量组均可显著降低小鼠不负重游泳90min后血清尿素氮水平(P﹤0.05)。[结论]5'-核苷酸具有缓解体力疲劳功能。     

营养素中药合剂抗军事疲劳作用研究

目的 :观察营养素中药合剂对部队军事训练时的抗疲劳作用 ,为研制一种抗军事疲劳营养补充剂提供科学依据。方法 :2 4 0名志愿者随机分成营养素中药合剂组、营养素对照组和安慰剂组。各组按双盲法每人服用相应的制剂 30mL ,每日 2次 ,连续 5d ,试验前后按CJB 1337- 92的规定 ,检测PW170 、VO2max、立定跳远和投弹等指标 ,并填写疲劳调查表。结果 :营养素中药合剂组受试者试验前PWC170 、VO2max、立定跳远和投弹距离分别为 (10 30± 2 0 5 )W、(46 .73± 2 .5 8)mL·min 1、(2 .13± 0 .17)m和 (32 .94± 3.2 5 )m ,试验后分别为 (1187± 16 8)W、(47.5 4± 2 .6 8)mL·min 1、(2 .36± 0 .12 )m和 (36 .14± 4 .37)m ,说明这些指标得到明显改善 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;疲劳指数试验后为 2 7.75± 18.4 8,显著低于试验前的 4 1.4 3± 2 6 .13(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :营养素中药合剂可在一定程度上缓解军事训练所致的疲劳     

几种常见植物化学物的抗疲劳作用

目的比较5种常见植物化学物的抗疲劳作用,为抗疲劳功能食品的研制提供依据。方法昆明小鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常对照组和5个实验组。正常对照组给予AIN-93合成饲料,其余5组在AIN-93饲料中分别添加1g/kg的茶多酚、槲皮素、番茄红素、大豆异黄酮和大豆皂甙,喂养14d,负重游泳至力竭,记录小鼠游泳活存时间。另将昆明小鼠随机分为3组,正常对照组、游泳对照组和槲皮素组。正常对照组和游泳对照组给予AIN-93合成饲料,槲皮素组添加1g/kg的槲皮素,喂养14d,负重游泳60min,测定血糖、乳酸和非蛋白氮含量。结果 5种植物化学物均可延长小鼠游泳活存时间,槲皮素(56.0±4.0)min和茶多酚(45.5±3.9)min效果较好,与正常对照组(13.1±4.3)min比较,差异有显著性(P0.05)。小鼠负重游泳后血糖显著降低,乳酸和非蛋白氮显著升高,补充槲皮素可以抑制乳酸和非蛋白氮水平升高。结论槲皮素具有较好的抗疲劳作用,对开发黄酮类抗疲劳功能食品具有重要意义。     

复合营养素对雌性小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化作用的研究

目的:探讨复合微量营养素对雌性小鼠的抗疲劳和抗氧化作用,为探讨其对女性的健康作用提供依据。方法:实验选取雌性小鼠,随机分为给药组及对照组,灌胃给予实验组小鼠不同剂量的复合营养素,选择测定小鼠负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮和肝糖元3个指标,确定复合微量营养素的抗疲劳效果;通过检测小鼠体重、血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度,确定其抗氧化效果。结果:抗疲劳实验表明,实验组小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长(P<0.01),血清尿素氮含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝糖元含量增加(P<0.05),并且具有一定的剂量效应关系;抗氧化实验表明,实验组能明显促进小鼠体重的增长(P<0.01),降低MDA含量(P<0.05),提高雌性小鼠SOD活力。结论:复合营养素对雌性小鼠具有抗疲劳及抗氧化作用。     

TPSH保健品抗疲劳作用的初步实验研究

目的初步探讨以红景天、刺五加为主要成份的TPSH保健品的抗疲劳作用。方法将雄性KM小鼠按随机分为4组：即空白对照组和0．12、0．24、0．72 g/kg·bw3个给药剂量组。在灌胃给予受试物30 d后测定各组小鼠负重游泳的持续时间、血清尿素水平、肝糖原含量及血乳酸水平的变化。结果0．72 g/kg·bw剂量能延长小鼠的负重游泳时间、显著降低小鼠运动后血清尿素水平和血乳酸曲线下面积(P＜0．05),肝糖原储备量无明显变化。结论TP- SH保健品具有抗疲劳作用。     

生血胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳作用及其机制研究

目的研究生血胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳效果及其可能机制 ,为深入研究其作用及开发利用提供实验依据。方法选用成年雄性小白鼠 ,每日服用生血胶囊 (2g·kg- 1)并进行游泳训练 ,连续4周 ,检测耐缺氧时间和力竭游泳时间 ,以及力竭游泳运动后小鼠血液中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性及血尿素氮 (BUN)浓度、血红蛋白 (Hb)浓度与肾组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活性、总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量。结果游泳训练后生血胶囊组小鼠力竭游泳时间〔(315 .33± 38.5 0 )min〕和耐缺氧时间〔(2 2 .4 4± 5 .2 3)min〕明显高于训练对照组〔(2 0 1.4 6± 32 .2 3)min ,(17.2 2± 5 .0 3)min ,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5〕 ,力竭游泳后血液中Hb浓度和肾组织SOD、GSH -Px活性、总抗氧化能力也显著高于训练对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而血液LDH活性、BUN浓度和肾组织MDA含量则明显低于训练对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论生血胶囊有提高机体运动能力的作用 ,其作用机制可能与生血胶囊提高机体的耐缺氧能力 ,增加血红蛋白浓度 ,减少自由基 ,以及保护肾组织有关     

葡萄籽提取物原花青素的抗疲劳作用研究

目的　葡萄籽提取物原花青素的抗疲劳作用。　方法　采用雄性昆明种小鼠每天经口给予原花青素 ,剂量分别为 0、1.7、16.7、5 0 .0mg kg体重 ,3 0d后测定负重游泳时间 ,血红蛋白及运动后血乳酸和肝糖原含量。　 结果　各剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间均比对照组延长 ,中、高剂量组具极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,血红蛋白含量均高于对照组 ;各剂量组小鼠运动后血乳酸含量均低于对照组 ,高剂量组与对照组相比具极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;肝糖元含量均高于对照组 ,中、高剂量组与对照组相比分别具显著和极显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。　结论　本实验研究结果表明原花青素具有抗疲劳作用     

3种药膳对小鼠抗疲劳的效果

目的探讨3种药膳制剂对小鼠的抗疲劳作用,为研究抗疲劳制剂提供实验依据。方法将120只雄性昆明种小鼠按体质量随机分为4组,分别为参蚁药酒组、药膳Ⅰ号膏剂组、药膳Ⅱ号膏剂组和对照组;每组30只,分批实验,每次实验从对应组中随机抽取10只小鼠。灌喂实验制剂15d后,分别检测小鼠体质量、力竭游泳时间和血乳酸、血清尿素氮、肝糖原、肌糖原。结果参蚁药酒组、药膳Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号膏剂组和对照组小鼠的力竭游泳时间分别为（411.0±22.2）s、（325.0±31.2）s、（595.0±53.9）s、（231.0±22.5）s,3个药膳组均明显长于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;各组运动后肝糖原含量分别为（15.7±4.7）mg/g、（23.1±6.1）mg/g、（32.0±5.4）mg/g、（12.3±2.5）mg/g,3个药膳组均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;各组运动后血清尿素氮含量分别为（9.5±1.1）mmol/L、（9.9±0.6）mmol/L、（10.0±1.1）mmol/L、（11.8±1.5）mmol/L,3个药膳组均明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ号膏剂组运动后血乳酸的生成量均低于对照组。几项检测指标中,Ⅱ号膏剂组与对照组比较差异最明显（P〈0.01）。结论3种药膳制剂对小鼠均有明显的抗疲劳效果,且Ⅱ号药膳膏剂效果最显著。     

金秋胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

目的 探讨金秋胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳的作用,为其开发利用提供实验依据。方法 将192只雄性昆明小鼠按体重随机分为4批,分别用于负重游泳实验、血清尿素测定、肝糖原测定和血乳酸测定实验,每批48只。每批小鼠随机分为4组,包括金秋胶囊受试物低、中、高3个剂量组和溶剂对照组,每组12只。低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别以0.23、0.45和1.35 g/kg的剂量灌胃给予受试物,溶剂对照组给予蒸馏水;每天1次,连续30天。末次给予受试物30 min后检测各组小鼠的负重游泳时长,测定肝糖原含量、血清尿素和血乳酸浓度。每周记录小鼠的体重,根据体重调整灌胃剂量。结果中、高剂量组金秋胶囊小鼠负重游泳时间分别为（13.1±2.3）、（14.2±4.7）min,较溶剂对照组时间延长;血清尿素分别为（13.63±2.05）、（13.13±2.01）mmol/L,较溶剂对照组降低;血乳酸曲线下面积分别为（104.9±20.6）、（94.9±22.8）,较溶剂对照组降低;差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。高剂量组小鼠肝糖原含量为（4 559±872）mg/g,较溶剂对照组含量增加,差异具有统计学意义（P<0...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.