睡眠鼾症83例多导睡眠图观察研究

目的：研究多导睡眠图和动态SaO2监测诊断睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)的意义．方法：运用多导睡眠仪整夜9小时检测睡眠打鼾并疑有睡眠呼吸障碍门诊和住院病人83例。结果：52例诊断为不同程度的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)，表现睡眠呼吸暂停或(和)低通气，间断性SaO2下降，重症心率分布宽度增高，肢动频繁。结论：每小时呼吸暂停或(和)低通气数、累计数、持续时间、呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)是OSAHS诊断和分度的可靠指标。SaO2≤9％时间占睡眠总时间的比例为单纯动态SaO2监测OSAHS提供诊断和分组的参考指标。     

儿童睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的多导睡眠监测

目的:探讨多导睡眠监测(PSG)在儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的应用和儿童呼吸事件发生的特点.方法:对2007年2月～2008年7月进行的82例儿童多导睡眠监测结果,按呼吸暂停/低通气指数(AHI)轻、中、重度分为3组,对3组的平均血氧饱和度(SaO2)、最低SaO2、≥3%的氧减指数(ODI)和SaO2≤90%的时间、体质指数(BMI)进行统计学分析,并研究这些指标与AHI的相关性.同时对其中12例同一儿童在夏季和冬季的2次PSG数据进行比对.结果:①AHI与≥3%ODI(r=0.652)呈高度正相关,而与平均SaO2、最低SaO2、SaO2≤90%的时间、BMI之间相关意义不大:②≥3%ODI,在AHI轻度与中度组(P=0.037)、轻度与重度组(P=0.000)、中度与重度组(P=0.027)比较,3组间均有显著性差异;而平均SaO2、最低SaO2、≤90%血氧时间,在AHI轻、中、重度3组的组间比较无统计学差异;③同一儿童在夏季和冬季进行的PSG,除在平均SaO2(P=0.139)无统计学差异外,在AHI(P=0.001)、最低SaO2(P=0.015)、≥3%ODI(P=0.039)上均有显著性差异.结论:①儿童多导睡眠监测应使用呼吸暂停时间≥12个呼吸周期的标准;②ODI是提示儿童OSAHS严重程度的重要指标,和成人不同,儿童的AHI和BMI的相关意义不大;③同一儿童在夏季和冬季进行PSG的监测,其结果会有差异.     

102例多导睡眠监测数据分析

目的:研究多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG)在诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)中的意义.方法:采用GKD-405A睡眠监测分析仪,测试102例受检者,监测睡眠时间均在7小时以上.结果:102例受检者均有不同程度的睡眠打鼾症状,并伴有憋气、间断性SaO2下降等,AHI在3.2～147.7次/小时之间.结论:PSG是诊断OSAHS的"金标准",其对于明确诊断、判断病情严重程度、制定临床治疗方案以及评估预后等均有重要指导意义.     

128例儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征多导睡眠监测分析

目的 比较分析肥胖阻塞性与非肥胖睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿的多导睡眠监测(PSG)结果.方法 选取2015年6月至2016年6月在广西医科大学第一附属医院进行PSG检查的128例OSAHS患儿,按BMI分为肥胖与非肥胖组,对两组患儿的基本情况及主要PSG指标进行对比分析.结果 肥胖组的男性患儿比例、BMI、低通气指数(HI)较非肥胖组高,平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)及最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)均低于非肥胖组(P＜0.05).呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)或阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)与低氧血症程度呈正相关关系(P＜0.05).AHI与MSaO2、LSaO2呈负相关关系(P＜0.05).结论 肥胖OS-AHS患儿的低通气及血氧饱和度下降程度较非肥胖者严重.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血压变化的相关性研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的血压变化及其相关因素。方法对206例睡眠打鼾患者行多导睡眠图（PSG）监测,其中OSAHS168例,单纯打鼾患者38例,同时对30例无睡眠打鼾者作为正常对照组行PSG检测,分别观测各组睡前、晨起血压变化,同时对OSAHS组晨起舒张压与呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、夜间最低血氧饱和度（sa02）、夜间平均SaO：、SaO：低于90％时间（T90）相关性进行分析。结果正常对照组及单纯鼾症组相比睡前、晨起血压变化不明显;OSAHS各组睡前、晨起收缩压变化不明显,而舒张压晨起较睡前明显升高,晨起舒张压变化与呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、AHI、190成正相关,与夜间最低SaO2成负相关。结论OSAHS患者血压变化主要以舒张压升高为主,睡眠呼吸紊乱对于OSAHS血压升高有着重要的意义,OSAHS可能为高血压发病的独立危险因素之一。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与年龄、体重指数的关系

目的 探讨年龄、体重指数与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的关系.方法 选择526例经多导睡眠图(PSG)监测确诊为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的患者资料,统计不同年龄、体重指数(BMI)患者分布差异,对OSAHS严重程度与年龄、BMI进行相关性分析.结果 中老年人(30-70岁)及肥胖者(BMI23.0～30或≥30.0)发病较多;年龄与暂停紊乱指数(AHI)呈负相关,BMI与AHI呈正相关;标准偏回归系数绝对值BMI大于年龄.结论 年龄、BMI与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征有密切关系,体重指数越大,病情越严重,而随着年龄的增大,病情反而减轻.体重比年龄对OSAHS的影响更大.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征儿童与成人多导睡眠监测对照分析

目的:比较儿童与成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者在多导睡眠监测(PSG)各项指标上的差异。方法:对儿童和成人OSAHS患者行PSG检查,观察呼吸暂停指数(AI)、低通气指数(HI)、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2),最长呼吸暂停时间等项指标,并分析两组的睡眠结构,包括非快动眼睡眠(NREM)各期及快动眼睡眠(REM)期占睡眠时间百分比以及微觉醒指数,并分组进行比较。结果:儿童组AI、HI、AHI、最长呼吸暂停时间等项指标均小于成人组,差异有统计学意义,但LSaO2与成人组相比差异无统计学意义。儿童组睡眠结构与正常儿童相近,睡眠结构及微觉醒指数与成人组比较差异有统计学意义。结论:儿童与成人OSAHS患者在PSG各项指标上差异明显,成人PSG诊断标准不适用于儿童患者。儿童PSG诊断标准有待进一步研究来确定。     

73例多导睡眠图呼吸暂停低通气事件分析

①目的探讨多导睡眠图进行捡图(PSG)对睡眠呼吸暂停低通气事件的分析方法及判定规则。②方法对73例临床疑诊睡眠呼吸紊乱(SDB)患采取整夜PSC监测，睡眠呼吸暂停低通气事件判定、阻基性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的诊断，病情分度采用国内标准。③结果诊断出OSAHS共66例，其中32例呼吸暂停时出现胸腹矛盾运动，29例持续存在于口鼻气流恢复期间．24例于入睡后清醒期仍存在④结论胸腹矛盾呼吸运动和脑电醒觉反应有助于呼吸暂停低通气事件长度的判定，但持续存在胸腹矛盾运动，且难以判定脑电醒觉反应的情况下，仍应依据气流波幅的变化确定呼吸暂停低通气事件的长度。     

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征临床分析

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）、中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（CSAHS）和混合性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（MSAHS）在睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（SAHS）中的构成比,并分析3者主要临床表现的差异。方法选取经多导睡眠图（PSG）监测确诊的993例SAHS患者,对3种类型SAHS的主要临床表现进行统计,并作对比分析：同时对相关的观察指标[包括包括呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、夜间平均及最低血氧饱和度（MSaO2、LSaO2）、血氧饱和度〈90％的累积时间占总睡眠时间的百分bL（〈90％ T）]作组间的比较分析。结果（1）SAHS中OSAHS占96.4％,CSAHS占1.5％,MSAHS占2.1％。（2）与OSAHS组比较,CSAHS组患者白天嗜睡、夜尿增多、记忆力下降、注意力下降、合并高血压及合并糖尿病的发生率明显增加（P〈0.05或0.01）,MSAHS组患者白天嗜睡、注意力下降及合并糖尿病的发生率明显增加（P〈0.05）。（3）与OSAHS组比较,CSAHS组患者AHI显著增加（P〈0.01）,MSAHS组患者AHI亦明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论SAHS中OSAHS所占比例最大,但以CSAHS的临床症状最为严重,OSAHS临床症状最轻,MSAHS介于CSAHS及OSAHS之间;上述3种类型SAHS的发病机制如何导致临床症状的差异尚有待进一步深入研究。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者多导睡眠图?临床表现与上气道阻塞部位关系的探讨

目的:观察一组呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index, AHI)、接近的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者中上气道阻塞部位对多导睡眠监测(PSG)图及临床表现的影响.方法:选取36例AHI为30-40的成年男性OSAS患者行再次整夜PSG,加同步上气道及食道压力监测确定上气道最低阻塞部位.比较上气道最低阻塞部位在软腭水平、舌根水平和下咽水平的不同患者中PSG相关参数:平均SaO2、最低SaO2、最长阻塞性呼吸暂停事件时间、呼吸暂停事件中SaO2下降率(dSaO2)、微觉醒指数;以及部分临床表现参数:白日嗜睡程度、入睡前收缩压/清晨收缩压、入睡前舒张压/清晨舒张压以及高血压发生率.结果:平均SaO2、最长阻塞性呼吸暂停事件时间和入睡前收缩压/清晨收缩压比值在3种不同上气道最低阻塞部位患者中无显著差异(P>0.05),但与软腭水平相比,舌根水平和下咽水平的最低SaO2降低(P>0.05), dSaO2/dt(%/s)比值增高(P<0.05),微觉醒指数及白日嗜睡评分增高(P<0.01),入睡前舒张压/清晨舒张压比值降低(P<0.05),最低SaO2<80%的发生率增高(P<0.01)以及高血压的发生率增高(P<0.01).结论:AHI接近的OSAS患者上气道阻塞部位在舌跟水平以下者与软腭以上水平者相比,阻塞性呼吸暂停事件的致缺氧效率和程度提高,OSAS的临床表现加重.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.