针刺对不同剂量肾上腺素致家兔心率变化的调整作用

为探讨针刺效应与机体异常状态程度的关系,对比观察静脉注射肾上腺素50 μg/kg及20μg/kg 后新西兰家兔心率的变化,以及针刺对这2个剂量肾上腺素所致的家兔心率变化是否具有调整作用.结果:静脉注射50μg/kg及20 μg/kg的肾上腺素均能导致家兔心率明显下降,其中静脉注射20 μg/kg的肾上腺素使得家兔心率下降较50μg/kg明显(P＜0.05);而针刺对20 μg/kg肾上腺素所致心率变化有调整作用,对50 μg/kg肾上腺素所致的心率变化没有明显的影响.说明针刺效应与机体异常状态的程度有关.在本实验中,机体偏离正常状态程度越大,针刺效果越好.     

大剂量芬太尼麻醉时心脏手术病人循环功能变化的研究

作者应用美国BoMed NCCOM_3无创伤监测仪对27例心脏手术病人于芬太尼—安定—氧麻醉下的血流动力学变化进行了研究。检测结果表明:(1)诱导剂量10和16μg/kg芬太尼,病人出现心率减慢,平均压下降;气管插管时:前者心率增快,后者血流动力学参数无明显变化。(2)给房缺(ASD)或室缺(VSD)病人30μg/kg芬太尼后 ,病人心率又减慢6～10%,心排血量减少30%,心肌收缩性轻度抑制;部分病人纵断胸骨时应激反应明显,而大剂量(50μg/kg)芬太尼,病人的应激反应较中等剂量(30μg/kg)时更为轻微。(3)对心脏瓣膜疾病的病人,注射大剂量芬太尼麻醉,病人以心率减慢最为显著,SV增加,CI不变,MAP下降,心肌收缩代偿性增强;纵断胸骨循环功能无明显变化。心电图上无心肌缺血改变。     

24小时输注氨联吡啶酮对严重充血性心力衰竭和心源性休克病人的血流动力学初步疗效观察

24小时输注氨联吡啶酮对40例患有严重充血性心力衰竭病人和肺动脉血流动力学的测定。首次氨联吡啶酮的剂量为50μg/kg,然后24小时氨联吡啶酮的剂量是(0.5μg/kgmin)。其中一组患有严重充血性心力衰竭和心源性休克的(n=18人)血流动力学反应和全组40例对照。用氨联吡啶酮治疗15分钟后,全组的40例心脏指数增加65％;其中的一组18例治疗15分钟后心脏指数增加94％,30分钟后心脏指数增加106％,同时     

Nisoldipine对心血管系统的药理作用及毒性

Nisoldipine 10μg/kg明显缩小家兔心肌梗塞范围,3μg/kg明显降低麻醉狗血压及左室内压,减慢心率,增加冠脉血流量及冠状窦血氧含量;1,3,10μg/kg降低麻醉狗冠脉及椎动脉阻力强于股动脉阻力。1～10μg明显增加离体豚鼠心脏冠脉沉量,抑制心肌收缩振幅,大剂量则减慢心率。2.6×10~(-10)～1×10~(-8)M非竞争性对抗KCl收缩家兔离体主动脉条反应,但不影响去甲肾上腺素所致收缩反应。nisoldipine抑制Cacl_2所致离体兔耳血管收缩反应的IC_(50)为1.7×10~(-11)M,而抑制去甲肾上腺素收缩反应的JC_(50)为4.0×10~(-4)M。小鼠灌胃LD_(50)为292±32mg/kg。     

葡萄糖酸钙与西地兰配伍使用的实验观察

本文用心电图描记法,探讨葡萄糖酸钙与西地兰(去乙酰毛花甙丙)配伍使用对家兔心脏的作用。实验结果表明:葡萄糖酸钙0.2g/kg给家兔静脉注射,对其心电图无明显的影响;西地兰0.08mg/kg给家兔缓慢静注后,再以0.008mg/min的速度恒速静注,平均97.4分钟后,家兔出现中毒症状。最小中毒量为0.366mg/kg。同等剂量的葡萄糖酸钙给家兔静注后,立即或60分钟后再静注西地兰,均使西地兰对家兔心脏的毒性增强,最小中毒量变小。静注同等剂量的葡萄糖酸钙150分钟后,再静注西地兰,则不增加其毒性。     

nimodipine对心血管系统的作用及毒性

iNm 10μg/kg可显著缩小家兔心肌梗塞范围;1、3、10μg/kg降低麻醉犬HR、BP、CAR、VAR及FAR;3μg/kg降低LVP及MVO_2;1～10μg明显抑制离体豚鼠心脏收缩,增加CBF;10μg可减慢HR。Nm9.6～960nM非竞争性对抗KCl收缩兔主动脉条,但不影响NE引起的收缩;Nm也可非竞争性对抗CaCl_2及NE所致兔耳中央动脉收缩,IC_(50)分别为10nM及60μM。小鼠口服Nm LD50(95％可信限)为1.66±0.2g/kg;大鼠亚急性毒性在大剂量组(125mg/kg)心肌有小灶性胞浆浅染.有2鼠有心肌壁小瘢痕灶,其他未见异常。     

息肿胶囊对家兔利尿作用的实验研究

目的通过动物实验,研究息肿胶囊对家兔的利尿作用和对家兔尿电解质的影响。方法取雄性家兔40只,随机分为生理盐水组(NS)、双氢克尿噻组(10mg/kg)、息肿胶囊低剂量组(3g/kg)、息肿胶囊中剂量组(6g/kg)、息肿胶囊高剂量组(12g/kg),称重,标记。方法灌胃给药1次,外生殖器局部麻醉后插入导尿管从膀胱收集尿液,记录5h尿量,用量筒测量尿量,通过全自动生化分析仪测定尿中氯离子(Cl-)、钠离子(Na )、钾离子(K )、钙离子(Ca2 )、镁离子(Mg2 )的含量。结果息肿胶囊高剂量组和中剂量组能增加正常家兔尿量。高剂量组能升高尿中Na 、Cl-浓度,降低尿中K 浓度,与NS组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。息肿胶囊各剂量组引起的尿中Mg2 、Ca2 变化与NS组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论息肿胶囊对正常家兔具有利尿作用,并可增加尿中Na 、Cl-浓度,减少尿中K 浓度。     

五肽胃泌素对胃食管反流者食管运动的影响

目的　观察五肽胃泌素 ( G5 )对胃食管反流病 ( GERD)食管运动的影响。方法　 63例 GERD患者随机分为 7组 ,每组 9例 ,分别为正常对照组 ( 组 )、生理盐水组 ( 组 )和 G5干预组 ( ～ 组 ) ,G5干预组又按G5剂量的不同再细分为 0 .2 5μg/kg( 组 )、 0 .5μg/kg( 组 )、1.0μg/kg( 组 )、2 .0μg/kg( 组 )和 6.0μg/kg( 组 )。各组在给予 G5或生理盐水皮下注射前后均行食道测压 ,观察 G5对其影响。结果　 G5注射后明显增加下食管括约肌压力 ( L ESP) ,由 16.5± 4.3 mm Hg增加到 2 1.4± 3 .6mm Hg( P<0 .0 5 ) ,而对下食管括约肌 ( L ES)松驰率无明显影响 ;0 .5μg/kg ( 组 ) L ESP增加最高 ( 8.71± 2 .6mm Hg) ,同 、 V、 、 组相比有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 G5注射后明显增加 GERD患者 L ESP,而对 L ES松驰率无明显影响。剂量为 0 .5μg/kg时 ,G5增加 L ESP最明显     

山麦冬的某些心血管药理作用

本文报告了山麦冬水醇剂对三种动物实验性心律失常模型的影响以及对家兔正常ECG和蟾蜍离体心脏活动的影响。实验结果表明,山麦冬水醇剂2.5g/kg静脉注射,对氯仿、肾上腺素诱发家兔心律失常有明显的对抗作用。同等剂量的山麦冬水醇剂静脉注射可明显提高乌头碱诱发大鼠室颤和心脏停搏的阈剂量。山麦冬水醇剂对哇巴因诱发豚鼠心律失常无明显影响。山麦冬水醇剂30g/kg静脉注射可引起家兔正常ECG改变,表现P—R间期延长,Q—T间期缩短、心率减慢及T波低平。低浓度的山麦冬任氏液对蟾蜍离体心脏有轻度兴奋作用。     

重组人TNF对正常家兔致休克作用的研究——脂质过氧化作用和白细胞吞噬功能的改变

给正常家兔静脉一次输注重组人肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)60μg/kg体重或130μg/kg体重后,血浆丙二醛(MDA)明显升高(P<0.01),血浆或溶血液超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)明显下降(P<0.05～0.01),上述变化在130μg/kg体重组要甚于60μg/kg体重组(P<0.05～0.01)。同时130μg/kg体重组动物其外周血白细胞数较对照组有明显下降(P<0.05～0.01),血浆调理时间明显缩短(P<0.01),此外白细胞的基础吞噬活性、基础总吞噬活性、最大吞噬活性和最大总吞噬活性均有明显改变(P<0.05～0.01)。上述结果表明重组人TNF能够引起正常家免的脂质过氧化损伤效应,以及白细胞数量和吞噬功能的改变。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.